计算孤立小桩柱上随机波浪力的一个线性化的Morison公式

本文在线性波理论下，从计算孤立小桩柱上随机波浪力的Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式出发，通过对波浪力的概率密度的推导和分析，提出了一个新的线性化的Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公嵤健８霉接胍言诠こ躺瞎惴菏褂玫模拢铮颍纾恚幔睿保梗叮纺晏岢龅南咝曰模停铮颍椋螅铮罟綅在对阻力的线性化上略有不同，由这个公式计算的小桩柱上的阻力是按Ｂｏｒｇｍａｎ线嵭曰模停铮颍椋螅铮罟浇屑扑闼媒峁模保埃副叮凑飧鲂碌南咝曰模停铮颍椋螅铮顛公式计算的随机波浪力的方差与直接利用Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式进行计算的结果是完全相同嵉模闹懈龅睦砺鄯治龊褪导扑憬峁砻鳎旱弊枇ο灾保晌颐翘岢龅募埃拢铮颍纾恚幔罡龅南咝曰模停铮颍椋螅铮罟降玫降男∽闲±刍怕氏碌乃婊ɡ藣力，均比直接由Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式进行计算得到的结果偏小，但按我们给出的线牲化的崳停铮颍椋螅铮罟降玫降慕峁劝矗拢铮颍纾恚幔畹南咝曰模停铮颍椋螅铮罟降玫降慕峁鼚接近于直接由Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式给出的结果。     

内孤立波对小直径直立桩柱作用力的实验研究

内孤立波具有较大的振幅与较强的垂向剪切,能对海洋工程设施产生极大的破坏作用。本文设计实验研究了内孤立波与直立小直径桩柱的相互作用,采用粒子图像速度测量法(PIV)测量内孤立波的流速场,并采用自行设计的测力天平测量桩柱受力,测量分析了内孤立波对小直径直立桩柱产生作用力的实验值,与Morison公式计算的理论值比较。实验结果表明,第一模态内孤立波的流速方向以及作用力在桩柱的上下部分方向相反,产生很强的速度切变和扭力,对小直径直立桩柱造成破坏。通过与Morison公式计算的理论值比较,发现实验值与理论值的大小以及分布规律基本相同。     

海洋内孤立波作用下潜体运动响应特性研究

2021年4月印度尼西亚海军“南伽拉402”号潜艇在巴厘岛以北约60海里（111.12 km）处发生沉没,分析表明大振幅海洋内孤立波作用可能是事故原因之一。基于大振幅内孤立波eKdV理论与Morison公式建立了内孤立波作用下潜艇的运动学模型,揭示不同内孤立波振幅、潜艇潜深条件下潜艇的运动响应特性,进一步说明内孤立波可能造成印度尼西亚潜艇失事。结果表明：内孤立波对潜艇的运动状态产生巨大影响。垂直方向上潜艇在短时间内产生大幅度掉深,而水平方向上其运动方向在密度界面上或界面处与内孤立波传播方向一致,界面下则相反,且内孤立波产生的垂向力矩可能造成潜艇倾覆。不同波幅、潜深下潜艇表现出不同的运动响应规律。研究表明印度尼西亚潜艇失事可能是潜艇执行任务过程中遭遇了较大振幅内孤立波,导致其发生大幅度、迅速掉深。     

内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应

建立了内孤立波作用下Spar平台运动响应的时域数值模型,并利用这一模型计算了内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应。其中根据K-dv方程解出内孤立波的波面及水质点速度表达式,应用Morison公式求出内孤立波对Spar平台的水平作用力;由伯努力方程求解压强,通过在平台底面积分求出内孤立波对Spar平台的垂向作用力;在悬链线理论的基础上,分析锚链对平台的作用力,采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解运动方程。数值结果表明,当内孤立波不断接近海洋平台时,Spar平台受到的作用力随之增大,海洋平台会产生远大于表面波作用下的水平位移,从而证实了内孤立波是影响海洋平台稳定的重要因素,在海洋平台的设计和评估中内孤立波的作用是不可忽略的。     

大直径预应力钢筒混凝土海底输油管道受力性能分析

预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)是一种优质复合管材,已经应用于海底输油等领域。由于PCCP中含有混凝土、钢筒、预应力钢丝,结点构造和地下埋置工况复杂,对于PCCP的受力机理认识尚不统一。根据环形预应力作用机理,结合多层圆筒轴对称平面形变理论,研究建立了单层预应力作用下埋置式PCCP受力模型,并根据PCCP使用阶段抗裂要求,分析提出使用阶段PCCP预应力计算公式。采用数值分析法,以内压力等为变量,研究使用阶段不同内压力作用下PCCP的应力变化。分析结果与提出模型进行对比,建议预应力计算公式乘以增大系数1.2。预应力计算结果与国内外规范比较说明公式是合理的。     

状态空间模型在海洋波能转换系统中的应用 Ⅱ.单个矩形振荡浮子装置运动受力分析的解析方法

对线性入射波作用下的矩形振荡浮子运动受力分析给出了一种新的解析方法.对该方法首先采用特征函数展开法得到绕射速度势的一种新解析式,然后直接由绕射势和入射势来计算波浪激励力.与经典方法相比可以看出,对于立面二维问题,由于绕射势和辐射势的计算量相当,因此该方法比过去常用的解析法更为简单.为了验证方法的正确性,采用该方法对过去文献介绍的经典算例进行了计算,得到了与过去方法完全一致的结果,从而证明该方法是正确的.     

Artificial neural network ability in evaluation of random wave-induced inline force on a vertical cylinder

An approach based on artificial neural network (ANN) is used to develop predictive relations between hydrodynamic inline force on a vertical cylinder and some effective parameters. The data used to calibrate and validate the ANN models are obtained from an experiment. Multilayer feed-forward neural networks that are trained with the back-propagation algorithm are constructed by use of three design parameters (i.e. wave surface height, horizontal and vertical velocities) as network inputs and the ultimate inline force as the only output. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on the ANN models to investigate the generalization ability (robustness) of the developed models, and predictions from the ANN models are compared to those obtained from Morison equation which is usually used to determine inline force as a computational method. With the existing data, it is found that least square method (LSM) gives less error in determining drag and inertia coefficients of Morison equation. With regard to the predicted results agreeing with calculations achieved from Morison equation that used LSM method, neural network has high efficiency considering its convenience, simplicity and promptitude. The outcome of this study can contribute to reducing the errors in predicting hydrodynamic inline force by use of ANN and to improve the reliability of that in comparison with the more practical state of Morison equation. Therefore, this method can be applied to relevant engineering projects with satisfactory results.     

波浪要素对水平圆柱杆件水动力系数影响研究

通过试验研究了波浪要素对水平固定圆柱杆件水动力系数的影响。试验利用垂直杠杆原理,提取了杆件在波浪下的水平受力历时曲线,基于改造的莫里森方程,计算了不同波浪要素下的水动力系数C_D和C_M取值。定义分析了新的波高参数KH,周期参数KT和雷诺数Re对水动力系数的影响。研究表明,整体拟合法与四点拟合法获得的水动力系数在数值上差异不大。KH、KT及Re均对水动力系数的取值有较显著影响:1)随着波高KH的增大,C_D、C_M整体呈幂指数衰减,且C_M的衰减更为迅速;2)随着波周期KT的增大,C_D、C_M整体亦呈衰减趋势;3)相同波高条件下,C_M随Re数增大而增大,而C_D值相对稳定。最后给出了波浪条件下水动力系数C_D和C_M的经验计算公式。     

Numerical analysis of a cylinder moving through rate-dependent undrained soil

Geo-hazard assessment of the potential damage to a pipeline caused by a submarine landslide requires a quantitative model to evaluate the impact forces on the pipeline. In contrast with typical geotechnical problems, the strain rate within the fast moving, flow-like submarine landslide is typically far higher, which will lead to enhancement of the soil strength and therefore result in larger impact forces. Generally, there are two possible predictive frameworks for strain-rate dependence: a fluid dynamics framework and a geotechnical framework. By comparison of common rheological models adopted in these two different approaches, a unified additive power-law model, a normalised form of the Herschel-Bulkley model from fluid mechanics, is explored in this paper. This model has been used in conjunction with a large deformation finite element approach to investigate the undrained limiting loads on a cylinder moving steadily through inertia-less soft rate-dependent material, in order to quantify the strain-rate effects.The flow mechanism and the effects of the shear-thinning index and Oldroyd number on the shear zones are explored. The calculated resistance factors are compared with the drag coefficients obtained from computational fluid dynamics analysis. The average rate of strain experienced by the soil flowing past the cylinder is estimated for a given flow velocity and an expression in the form of a conventional bearing capacity equation, but with shear strength linked directly to the normalised flow velocity, is proposed to predict the magnitude of the viscous force exerted by the debris flow.     

基于海洋结构谱响应波浪载荷参数识别

波浪谱是研究随机波浪的主要方法,也是海洋工程设计的重要依据.介绍在线性波情况下圆柱形结构响应施加了白噪声之后频域内的载荷识别方法,根据谱分析的方法,考虑线性波前后桩腿相位差的影响,比较单个频点反演与采样频率内利用对频率取矩法反演结果的准确度,结果表明在已知波浪谱的情况下利用矩来进行反演识别有明显的优越性.     

Tide simulation using the mild-slope equation with Coriolis force and bottom friction

Since the mild-slope equation was derived by Berkhoff (1972),the researchers considered various mechanism to simplify and improve the equation,which has been widely used for coastal wave field calculation.Recently,some scholars applied the mild-slope equation in simulating the tidal motion,which proves that the equation is capable to calculate the tide in actual terrain.But in their studies,they made a lot of simplifications,and did not consider the effects of Coriolis force and bottom friction on tidal wave.In this paper,the first-order linear mild-slope equations are deduced from Kirby mild-slope equation including wave and current interaction.Then,referring to the method of wave equations’ modification,the Coriolis force and bottom friction term are considered,and the effects of which have been performed with the radial sand ridges topography.Finally,the results show that the modified mild-slope equation can be used to simulate tidal motion,and the calculations agree well with the measurements,thus the applicability and validity of the mild-slope equation on tidal simulation are further proved.     

Analysis of interaction between ship bottom air cavity and boundary layer

The successful designs of hulls for ships employing drag reduction by air bottom cavitation have been based on solutions of inverse problems of the theory of ideal incompressible fluid. However, prediction of the drag reduction ratio, the air demand by ventilated cavities and the cavity impact on the hull–propeller interaction is impossible in the framework of this theory because all mentioned characteristics depend on interaction of air cavities with the ship boundary layers. Because the known CFD tools are not fitted to ventilated cavitation at low Froude numbers, an analysis of this interaction requires a novel flow model. This model includes the incompressible air flow in the ventilated cavity, the compressible flow of a water–air mixture in the boundary layer on cavities and downstream of them and the curl-free incompressible outer water flow. The provided 2D computations employing this model allows for explanations of the earlier observed effects and for prediction of the air demand by ventilated cavities. The computed velocity profiles downstream of cavities are in the accordance with the available experimental data.     

Dynamic loads on submerged bodies in a viscous numerical wave tank at small KC numbers

In this paper, an improved version of the MAC method (SIMAC), recently developed at the University of Trieste, is employed for the study of the wave generation and propagation into a numerical wave tank and for the evaluation of dynamic loads over submerged fixed bodies.In the first part of the work, a numerical wave tank was developed. A pneumatic wave-maker at the left-hand side of the tank was implemented by the use of a pressure perturbation at the free surface. The pressure varies in time with a sinusoidal law. Grid sensitivity tests, checks on mass conservation and the Fourier analysis of the waves which propagate in the tank showed the effectiveness of SIMAC in treating such problems. The wave-maker was then calibrated.In the second part of the work, the dynamic loads over submerged square and rectangular cylinders were evaluated. The time records of the horizontal and vertical forces which act over the body were then treated using the Morison equation in order to derive the inertial and damping coefficients. The analysis was carried out for KC numbers ranging between 0.447 and 3.58. Numerical results satisfactorily tallied with experimental data. The analysis of the velocity field near the body evidenced the influence of vortex generation and vortex shedding on the coefficients of inertial forces.     

浮桥结构在移动载荷作用下的振动响应

浮桥的载荷具有移动性，并有可能在同时遭受风、浪、流联合作用的恶劣环境中使用。为了使浮桥的设计做到既经济又安全，必须对浮桥的载荷和强度有一个比较精确的评估方法。推导了适合模型计算的用户单元的特性矩阵，并将该用户单元导入现有大型有限元分析程序ABAQUS，利用其功能强大的求解器，求解了静水中自由浮式均匀梁在移动载荷作用下的振动响应，为后续研究奠定了基础。