基于网络服务的地类遥感影像样本检索系统的设计与实现

为了有效地辅助第二次全国土地调查,对土地覆盖情况和地类遥感影像判读提供辅助,运用ASP.NET和网络服务技术,以多源遥感影像为数据源,构建了基于网络服务的地类遥感影像样本检索系统。本文重点研究了基于网络服务的地类遥感影像样本检索系统的结构、流程和功能,提出了系统的数据库表结构设计方法,为网络化遥感样本检索服务提供了解决方案。     

基于分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类研究

分析了目前遥感影像的统计分类、神经网络分类及基于符号知识的逻辑推理分类方法的优缺点.以GIS为平台,构建了多源空间数据库,将数据挖掘的思想和方法引入遥感影像分类中,提出了面向分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类框架.针对遥感光谱数据及其他空间数据的特点,定义了连续属性样本分类概念和分割点评价指标,提出了一种新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法.选择一个试验区,采用该算法分别对遥感光谱数据、遥感光谱和DEM数据相结合的数据进行分类规则挖掘、遥感影像分类和分类精度比较.结果表明：（1）该算法具有较高的分类精度;（2）加入DEM等与分类相关的其他空间数据可以提高遥感影像的分类精度.通过挖掘分类规则进行遥感影像分类,扩展了基于知识的逻辑推理分类方法中知识获取渠道,提高了分类规则获取的智能化程度.新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法,扩展了归纳学习算法对连续属性样本分类的适应性.     

一种基于动态规划的遥感影像与GIS矢量数据匹配方法

针对遥感影像与GIS数据的匹配,提出了一种基于动态规划的结点匹配、线段匹配再到折线匹配逐级优化的全局一致性匹配方法.该方法首先利用遥感影像的概略方位参数实现预处理后的GIS数据与遥感影像概略叠加;接着进行遥感影像特征自动提取;然后以局部匹配优选的待匹配结点和待匹配线段为前提,利用动态规划的匹配方法,进行折线整体匹配;最后进行匹配结果的优化.实验证明该匹配方法速度快、可靠性高.     

卫星遥感影像覆盖率查询方法与应用实现

传统的卫星影像覆盖率获取方法大多是在相关平台搜索和查询对应的遥感影像,再通过影像快视图查看整体的覆盖情况,操作过程较复杂,且无法获取精确的覆盖率值.鉴于此,提出了一种基于数据访问API的影像覆盖率查询方法,只需提供相关必要参数,即可快速查询所需遥感影像及其对应的覆盖率.首先利用遥感数据访问API,根据查询参数查询所需遥感影像的元数据;然后通过相关方法对影像元数据进行一系列的地理处理与分析,进而获取卫星影像的覆盖率值;最后以我国省级行政区划高分辨率卫星影像覆盖率查询与监测为应用案例进行了实验分析.结果表明,通过该方法可实时查询和监测目标区域精确的卫星影像覆盖率值,比传统方法更快捷、方便.     

一种直线特征遥感影像与GIS矢量数据匹配方法

针对飞行器的匹配制导,提出了一种基于直线特征的遥感影像与GIS矢量数据自动匹配方法.该方法首先利用遥感影像的概咯方位参数实现预处理后的GIS数据与遥感影像概略叠加;接着对GIS直线数据叠加所在的遥感影像区域开辟窗口进行边缘检测;然后利用Hough变换同步进行折线特征提取和特征匹配;在实现过程中采用了金字塔分层和新型投票方法以节省运算时间,最终实现影像特征与GIS数据的成功匹配.实验证明了该方法的有效性和稳健性.     

融合主题语义特征的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物自动化识别

建筑物提取是高分辨率遥感影像解译领域的一项重要工作,由于遥感技术的宏观性、实时性和周期性特点,基于遥感影像的建筑物识别对于城市管理与国土规划等领域具有非常大的应用潜力.本文介绍了一种基于影像主题语义特征建模的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法并通过具体的影像场景加以实践应用,该方法首先对影像进行对象级的分割,然后利用LDA...     

地质灾害三维遥感解译成果的自动制图方法

针对三维环境下地质灾害遥感解译成果制图需借助第三方软件,难以自动实现的问题,介绍了基于三维GIS平台iTelluro(网图)的地质灾害遥感解译成果的自动成图方法.以遥感解译专题图制图规范为依据,根据用户选择的比例尺和制图范围,从影像数据库和三维GIS图层中自动获取遥感影像图层、矢量图层、地质地理图层和解译专题图层数据,设置专题地图的渲染样式,并在基于iTelluro的地质灾害三维遥感解译系统上实现了该方法.该方法提高了地质灾害遥感解译成果的制图效率,可及时为地质灾害防治与应急提供信息产品.     

高分辨率遥感影像深度迁移可变形卷积的场景分类法

近年来基于深度卷积神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像场景分类成为广泛关注的焦点.由于现有深度卷积神经网络对遥感场景影像的几何形变不具有稳健性,本文提出了一种基于深度迁移可变形卷积神经网络(DTDCNN)的场景分类方法.该方法先利用大型自然场景数据集ImageNet上训练的深度模型提取遥感影像的深度特征,然后引入可变形卷积层,进...     

遥感图像信息系统数据模型设计

通过分析遥感图像信息系统需要存储和管理的各种数据,建立了各种数据之间的拓扑结构图,设计了基于遥感影像的发散式的影像数据库,建立了遥感图像信息系统数据模型.实验表明,该数据模型能够合理地存储和管理多种遥感影像及相关数据.     

基于灰度形态学的高分辨率遥感影像预处理

提出了一种从高分辨率遥感影像中提取线性目标时影像预处理的方法.该方法基于灰度形态学的Top-Hat运算和灰度膨胀运算,用Top-Hat算子除去影像的噪声,再利用灰度膨胀增强影像目标和背景之间的对比度,使目标更易于识别.经过处理的遥感影像,能够更有效地提取影像的目标.     

The optimum expression for the gravitational potential of polyhedral bodies having a linearly varying density distribution

When topography is represented by a simple regular grid digital elevation model, the analytical rectangular prism approach is often used for a precise gravity field modelling at the vicinity of the computation point. However, when the topographical surface is represented more realistically, for instance by a triangular irregular network (TIN) model, the analytical integration using arbitrary polyhedral bodies (the analytical line integral approach) can be implemented directly without additional data pre-processing (gridding or interpolation). The analytical line integral approach can also facilitate 3-D density models created for complex geometrical bodies. For the forward modelling of the gravitational field generated by the geological structures with variable densities, the analytical integration can be carried out using polyhedral bodies with a varying density. The optimal expression for the gravitational attraction vector generated by an arbitrary polyhedral body having a linearly varying density is known. In this article, the corresponding optimal expression for the gravitational potential is derived by means of line integrals after applying the Gauss divergence theorem.     

Hyperspectral Pixel Unmixing via Spectral Band Selection and DC-Insensitive Singular Value Decomposition

This letter proposes a linear two-class hyperspectral pixel-unmixing algorithm that uses a band selection method to determine the best bands for pixel unmixing, low-pass prefiltering to remove high-frequency content, and a new version of the well-known singular value decomposition (SVD) method, which is insensitive to dc offsets (DCI-SVD). The proposed method is compared to the best level discrete wavelet transform approach for dimensionality reduction and least squares estimation and quadratic programming for unmixing (DWT-LSE-QP). The contributions of this letter are given as follows: (1) the band selection and filter selection algorithm and (2) the DCI-SVD algorithm. The dc insensitivity of the DCI-SVD method is proven, and simulation results using data from an analytical spectral device spectroradiometer show the efficacy of the proposed method and its superiority to the DWT-LSE-QP-based approach in the harder unmixing cases.     

莫洛金斯基问题的准格林函数解

本文给出了一种全新的求解似地球表面简单莫洛金斯基问题的方法－准格林函数法。     

Analytical methods Of assessing the image quality associated with digital and photographic imaging systems

The introduction of digital cameras for aerial survey photography and use of scanners with processed aerial film present a number of technical questions concerning the way photography is to be acquired in the future. Among the questions to be addressed are the comparative metric properties of images acquired by each system and the associated image quality characteristics. The new digital camera systems will require very careful appraisal, using well-established methods of assessing metric quality already available to survey organisations. The questions concerning image quality are more difficult to answer, as they require very specialised instrumentation if measurements are to be made directly in practice. Over the course of the past several decades a more analytical approach to assessing image quality has emerged, and one that may be used by individuals. The method is particularly effective where information on the micro-image characteristics of products is made available by the manufacturers concerned. An outline is given of some considerations that need to be taken into account when using an analytical approach, with references given for further reading.     

GIS-based simulation as an exploratory analysis for space-time processes

The purpose of this paper is to argue for a novel use of geographical information system (GIS) as an exploratory device for understanding complex space-time processes. Conventionally, a GIS has been configured as a spatial database management system. Therefore, the capabilities of data input, storage, retrieval, manipulation and display have been well developed, whereas the analytical and dynamic processing and modelling capabilities are under-developed. The importance of integrating GIS with dynamic and analytical models has been widely recognised. Extending the use of GIS into spatial simulation represents a plausible research direction. On the other hand, the usefulness of conventional deductive model becomes limited when dealing with complex space-time processes. In essence, the inherent complexity calls for a simulation approach. The new nonlinear modelling paradigm, for example, cellular automata (CA), opened a way in which behaviourally-richer dynamics and more micro-spatial data could be incorporated into understanding space-time processes. It is argued therefore that GIS can be used as a platform – a controlled environment or laboratory – for exploring complex space-time processes. The discussion of GIS-based simulation in this paper is illustrated with a primitive simulation of the evolution of urban spatial structure. Received: 2 July 1997/Accepted: 19 November 1998     

GEO卫星Hill方程的分析型解法

提出并实现了一种求解静地轨道GEO(geostationary orbit)卫星Hill方程摄动解的分析型方法。根据地固坐标系下GEO卫星运动的特点,在其定点处把摄动力进行泰勒展开,通过选择特定的参考轨道获得了GEO卫星的地球扁率摄动解。在此基础上,成功地将拉普拉斯变换运用于GEO卫星的Hill方程,得到了一组可用于求解摄动分析解的递推积分公式。通过逐次趋近的方法,利用这组积分公式可以有效地实现由低阶解推求高阶解。     

Participation in higher education: A geodemographic perspective on the potential for further expansion in student numbers

Higher education in England has expanded rapidly in the last ten years with the result that currently more than 30% of young people go on to university. Expansion is likely to continue following the recommendations of a national committee of inquiry (the Dearing Committee). The participation rate is known to vary substantially among social groups and between geographical areas. In this paper the participation rate is calculated using a new measure, the Young Entrants Index (YEI), and the extent of variation by region, gender and residential neighbourhood type established. The Super Profiles geodemographic system is used to facilitate the latter. This is shown to be a powerful discriminator and to offer great potential as an alternative analytical approach to the conventional social class categories, based on parental occupation, that have formed the basis of most participation studies to date. Received: 20 October 1998/Accepted: 5 May 1999     

空间测边交会解析算法与迭代算法的综合应用

本文提出了一种新的三维测边交会解析算法,应用几何判别方法排除多解问题。研究了测边网最稳定解析解的交会图形选择方法,将此解析解作为迭代算法的初值进行迭代计算,不但能保证计算精度,极大加快迭代收敛速度,而且能减少计算机工作量与计算时间,避免迭代算法多值判断问题的同时,保证了迭代初值直接位于收敛域内。试验结果表明,解析算法与迭代算法综合应用算法可高效率,高稳定性求解空间测边交会问题。     

A measure of average error variance of line features

This article presents a new development in measuring the positional error of line features in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in the form of a new measure for estimating the average error variance of line features, including line segment, polyline, polygon, and curved lines. This average error measure is represented in the form of a covariance matrix derived by an analytical approach. Corresponding error indicators are derived from this matrix. The error of line features mainly results from two factors: (1) an error propagated from the original component points of line features and (2) a model error of interpolation between these points. In this study, a method of average error estimation has been derived regarding the first type error of line features that are interpolated by either linear or cubic interpolation methods. The main contribution of the research is the provision of an error measure to assess the quality of spatial data in application settings. The proposed error models for estimating average error variance of line features in a GIS are illustrated by both simulated and practical experiments. The results show that the line accuracy from a linear interpolation is better than a line interpolated using a cubic model.     

New analytical and numerical approaches for geopotential modeling

 The standard analytical approach which is applied for constructing geopotential models OSU86 and earlier ones, is based on reducing the boundary value equation to a sphere enveloping the Earth and then solving it directly with respect to the potential coefficients _n,m . In an alternative procedure, developed by Jekeli and used for constructing the models OSU91 and EGM96, at first an ellipsoidal harmonic series is developed for the geopotential and then its coefficients _n,m ^e are transformed to the unknown _n,m . The second solution is more exact, but much more complicated. The standard procedure is modified and a new simple integral formula is derived for evaluating the potential coefficients. The efficiency of the standard and new procedures is studied numerically. In these solutions the same input data are used as for constructing high-degree parts of the EGM96 models. From two sets of _n,m (n≤360,|m|≤n), derived by the standard and new approaches, different spectral characteristics of the gravity anomaly and the geoid undulation are estimated and then compared with similar characteristics evaluated by Jekeli's approach (`etalon' solution). The new solution appears to be very close to Jekeli's, as opposed to the standard solution. The discrepancies between all the characteristics of the new and `etalon' solutions are smaller than the corresponding discrepancies between two versions of the final geopotential model EGM96, one of them (HDM190) constructed by the block-diagonal least squares (LS) adjustment and the other one (V068) by using Jekeli's approach. On the basis of the derived analytical solution a new simple mathematical model is developed to apply the LS technique for evaluating geopotential coefficients. Received: 12 December 2000 / Accepted: 21 June 2001