极点排序与DCA排序的比较研究

极点排序和除趋势对应分析(DCA)排序法是不同时期具有代表性的群落排序方法。通过以长汀县水土流失区调查数据为例进行分析发现,两种排序结果比较一致,但也存在差异。极点排序第一轴的排序效果不如DCA排序,但第二轴排序效果优于DCA排序。极点排序最终结果是两轴共同作用的结果,而DCA排序则是以第一轴结果为主。就排序轴的生态意义而言,极点排序要比DCA排序更直观。     

建三江农垦分局湿地植物群落分类和排序

采用双指示种分析（Two Way Indicators Species Analysis,TWINSPAN）和除趋势对应分析（Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA）方法,对位于三江平原的建三江农垦分局内的湿地植物群落的数据进行群落数量分类和排序。调查的86个样地中共发现49科133属226个物种;TWINSPAN将样地划分为8种群丛,将优势物种划分为8组,分类结果可以在DCA排序图上很好地反映出来,且优势物种的分布格局很大程度上决定了群丛的分布格局;DCA的前两个排序轴提供了23．5％的信息量,其中第一排序轴提供了14．5％的信息量,主要反映出样地水分条件的变化;样地的排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境因子之间的关系。     

大兴安岭北部冰缘地貌及其形成环境初探

大兴安岭北部是我国最著名的砂金产区,砂金矿的形成与该区第四纪以来独特的冰缘地貌过程有密切的关系。在系统分析大兴安岭北部各类冰缘地貌景观基础上,根据大林河下游冰缘现象及其孢粉分析数据对其形成的古气候环境作了进一步的探讨。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源区冰缘地貌的分布和演变过程

根据1985—1989年度的野外考察和定位重复测量、坑探、物探、砾向组构及地肮衣测年、室内分析等,总结出本区各类冰缘地貌空间分布特点和在发生学卜的联系与转化;分析了基岩寒冻风化速率、倒石堆、岩屑坡、石冰川的分布、运动特点和发育年代;讨论了冻疱和烛状冰型冻胀丘、泥流舌、石环和热喀斯特沉陷的分布、演变及成因;概述了沉积物室内分析得出的结果。     

中天山坡地冰缘地貌的若干问题

由 1985—1989年野外调查结果和定位重复观测资料可知,本区坡地冰缘地貌的分布特征为:1.各类坡地冰缘形态彼此具有成因联系;2.不同序次的冰缘地貌类型具有各自的时空分异;3.不同的坡地冰缘地貌类型在一定条件下可有所转化。再则,本区风化以寒冻剥裂和寒冻楔入为主,呈现在时空和状态上为不可逆过程的耗散结构。     

塔里木河中游天然植被的数量分类与排序研究

通过塔里木河中下游天然植被带的调查研究，应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和排序(CCA)方法，对塔里木河中下游地区天然植被类型进行了划分，并探讨了决定该地区天然植物群落类型的主要环境因子。该地区天然植被可分为4个植被型组，4个植被型，6种植被亚型，9个群系，15个群丛。通过对8个环境因子的CCA排序分析，结果表明制约塔里木河中下游天然植被组成和结构的主导环境因子为地下水位、地下水矿化度、地下水酸碱度。通过CCA二维排序图将16种植物对干旱、盐碱的适应性划分5类型。21个样地在CCA二维排序图上可聚集成9个植物群落类群，即胡杨(Populus euphratica)群落、铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)群落、库尔勒沙拐枣(Calligonum Kuerlese)群落、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)群落、黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)群落、盐穗木(Halostashys caspica)群落、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)群落、疏叶骆驼剂(Alhagi sparsifolia)群落、罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)群落，与TWINSPAN结果中的群系分类单位一致。CCA连续排序与TWINSPAN分类结果吻合较好。9种植物群落类型中，能耐受最大盐胁迫的为盐穗木群落，能耐受最大干旱胁迫的为铃铛刺群落，能耐受最大地下水碱胁迫的为黑果枸杞群落。     

南极洲维斯特福尔德丘陵与菲尔德斯半岛冰缘地貌的比较研究

东南极大陆沿岸的维斯特福尔德丘陵(68°22'～68°40'S,77°55'～78°30'E)和西南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛(62°08'～62°20'S,58°45'～58°58'W)的气候条件不同。前者属于极地大陆性气候,气温低,冬季严寒,干燥、风大,夏季较短;后者属于极地海洋性气候,气温不很低,湿润、风小,夏季较长。因此,两地的冰缘地貌的组合类型及其发育过程存在明显的差异。前者冰缘地貌单一,发展速度较慢;后者冰缘地貌复杂多样,发展速度较快。 本文根据实地观测资料,对极地大陆型和极地海洋型两类冰缘地貌作一些比较,并且提出,年冻融日数是决定冰缘作用强弱的最重要指标。     

南极洲维斯特福尔德丘陵与菲尔德斯半岛冰缘地貌的比较研究

东南极大陆沿岸的维斯特福尔德丘陵(68°22'～68°40'S,77°55'～78°30'E)和西南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛(62°08'～62°20'S,58°45'～58°58'W)的气候条件不同。前者属于极地大陆性气候,气温低,冬季严寒,干燥、风大,夏季较短;后者属于极地海洋性气候,气温不很低,湿润、风小,夏季较长。因此,两地的冰缘地貌的组合类型及其发育过程存在明显的差异。前者冰缘地貌单一,发展速度较慢;后者冰缘地貌复杂多样,发展速度较快。 本文根据实地观测资料,对极地大陆型和极地海洋型两类冰缘地貌作一些比较,并且提出,年冻融日数是决定冰缘作用强弱的最重要指标。     

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.     

塔里木河中游植物群落的数量分类与分析

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,Xinjiang,The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families,most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats.The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima,which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites,Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination(CCA) methods were used to study the distribution Patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley.TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be diveded into 7 types in 3 groups .CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results ,and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.     

The carbon accumulation and dissipation features of sub-alpine woodland in Mt. Gongga

Based on biomass investigations, soil respiration and plant photosynthesis measurement of dominant trees in Hailuogou valley of Mt. Gongga, Southwest China, the carbon (C) storage, absorption and release for several typical woodlands in sub-alpine zones have been discussed. For Abies fabri forest of 3,000 m above sea level, the C storage amount is 177.4 t/ha for above-ground biomass and 143.2 t/ha for soil below-ground biomass. The annual gross C fixed by vegetation photosynthesis is 20-24 t/ha. The C release by canopy respiration is 3.0-5.5 t/ha for arbors and 10-19 t/ha for surface soil and roots. The annual net C fixed of forest ecosystem is about 6.0-7.1 t/ha. At lower elevations, the amount of C released by woodlands is higher than that of woods at higher elevations. The C fixed capacity of renewed forest with middle-aged trees is higher than that of mature forest. Before becoming over-matured forest, woodland is an important sink of C whereas bareland in woods is the source of atmospheric C.     

贡嘎山亚高山林地碳的累积和消散

Based on biomass investigations, soil respiration and plant photosynthesis measurement ofdominant trees in Hailuogou valley of Mt. Gongga, Southwest China, the carbon (C) storage,absorption and release for several typical woodlands in sub-alpine zones have been discussed. ForAbies fabri forest of 3,000 m above sea level, the C storage amount is 177.4 t/ha for above-groundbiomass and 143.2 t/ha for soil below-ground biomass. The annual gross C fixed by vegetationphotosynthesis is 20-24 t/ha. The C release by canopy respiration is 3.0-5.5 t/ha for arbors and 10-19t/ha for surface soil and roots. The annual net C fixed of forest ecosystem is about 6.0-7.1 t/ha. Atlower elevations, the amount of C released by woodlands is higher than that of woods at higherelevations. The C fixed capacity of renewed forest with middle-aged trees is higher than that of matureforest. Before becoming over-matured forest, woodland is an important sink of C whereas bareland inwoods is the source of atmospheric C.     

The carbon accumulation and dissipation features of sub—alpine woodland in Mt.Gongga

Based on biomass investigations,soil respiration and plant photosynthesis measurement of dominant trees in Hailuogou valley of Mt.Gongga,Southwest China,the carbon(C) storage,absorption and release for several typical woodlands in sub-alpine zones have been discussed.For Abies fahri forest of 3,000 m above sea level,the Cstorage amount is 177.4t/ha for above-ground biomass and 143.2 t/ha for soil below-ground biomass. The annual gross C fixed by vegetation photosynthesis is 20-24 t/ha. The C release by canopy respiration is 3.0-5.5 t/ha for arbors and 10-19 t/ha for surface soil and roots.The annual net C fixed of forest ecosystem is about 6.0-7.1 t/ha.At lower elevations,the amount of C released by woodlands is higher than that of woods at higher elevations.The C fixed capacity of renewed forest with middle-aged trees is higher than that of mature forest.Before becoming over-matured forest,woodland is an important sink of C whereas bareland in woods is the source of atmospheric C.     

贡嘎山亚高山林地碳的积累与耗散特征

根据贡嘎山海螺沟内5种主要林地上的生物量调查、土壤呼吸和光合作用测定,研究亚高山地区典型林带上C的存贮、吸收和排放关系。对于海拔3000 m附近的峨眉冷杉林,其地上和地下C贮量分别为177.4 t/hm²和143.2 t/hm²,森林光合作用吸收的C量在22～24 t/hm²·a之间,通过呼吸释放C量为3～5.5 t/hm²·a (乔木冠层) 和10～19 t/hm²·a (地面土壤及根系),年光合作用净固定的C为7.05 t/hm²。低海拔处生态系统C的呼吸量较大,100a以内的中幼龄树木固C能力高于成熟林的固C作用。林地在成为过熟林之前主要还是C的汇,林间裸地是大气的C源。     

南迦巴瓦峰与托木尔峰山地垂直自然带的比较

南迦巴瓦峰地处喜马拉雅山脉东端雅鲁藏布江大拐弯的内侧，托木尔峰地处天山山脉的西端，二者独特的自然地理特征及其高大的山体为山地垂直自然带谱的形成和发展提从了十分有利的自然环境，发育了相当完整的山地垂直系列。比较二者的垂直带谱，可以发现无论在垂直带谱的形成条件，基带，性质和结构类型，还是景观特征，垂直分异影响因素及南北坡差异程度等方面，都存在着较大的差异。南峰垂直带谱为以森林－草原－荒漠土壤系列为特征的季风性湿润，法湿润带谱系统，垂直分异的主导因素为温度；托峰垂直带谱为以荒漠－－草原－荒漠土壤系列为特征的大陆性干旱带谱系统，垂直分异的主导因素为湿度。不同的垂直自然带特征决定了不同的资源开发利用和保护措施。     

辽东山地老秃顶子北坡植被类型及垂直带谱

基于沿海拔梯度的样方调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,科学划分老秃顶子北坡的森林群落类型,确定老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱,并对其种类组成和生活型谱进行系统研究。结果表明:⑴老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱由8个带组成,即海拔500~720m的蒙古栎+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔720~820m的紫椴+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔820~920m的臭冷杉+暴马丁香针阔混交林带,海拔920~1080m的臭冷杉+鱼鳞云杉暗针叶林带,海拔1080~1190m的枫桦+臭冷杉针阔混交林带,海拔1190~1280m的岳桦+簇毛槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔1280~1320m的矮灌化槭树+毛榛子山地灌丛带,海拔1320~1367m的小叶章+苔草山地草甸带。⑵老秃顶子北坡自山麓至山顶8个植被带的物种丰富度分别为43、27、33、39、54、45、47和34种,呈现出了在中等海拔高度拥有最高物种多样性的现象。⑶老秃顶子北坡在山麓~920m间,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显增多,地面芽植物明显减少;在海拔920m~山顶,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显减少,至山顶基本消失,而地面芽植物比例则由21.2%显著增加到山顶的79.4%。     

湖南省山地旅游气候资源的深度开发利用——以衡山和雪峰山为例

利用衡山高山气象站(1952-1996年)和湖南雪峰山高山气象站(1973-1989年)的气象资料,以衡阳和吉首同期的气象资料作为参照,分析了衡山及雪峰山的山地气候特点,指出(1)湖南的山地(如衡山和雪峰山等)是盛夏休闲避暑的好去处,具有进一步综合开发利用的价值; (2)为了充分利用山地特殊的气象景观资源,应掌握好气象景观(如云雾、日出、雪和雾凇等)出现的最佳时机,加大宣传力度,适时开辟专门的气象景观旅游线路; (3)可以利用山地独特的气候条件如云雾等开发特色旅游产品.     

内蒙古大青山哈拉沁沟流域中游草本植被与环境的关系

选取内蒙古哈拉沁沟流域中游草本植被进行调查取样和数量分析。通过野外工作获取研究区的植物种、群落特征和环境数据,并将野外所采样品进行实验室内常规分析。分析结果显示,研究区植物群落分为5个群丛:百里香 羊草 细叶苔草群丛、蒙古蒿 细叶苔草 二裂委陵菜群丛、细叶苔草 白莲蒿 光稃茅香群丛、细叶苔草 硬质早熟禾群丛和蒙古蒿 鹅绒委陵菜 光稃茅香群丛。DCCA样方排序的结果与分类结果较吻合,其中排序第一轴主要指示海拔和土壤pH值对群落分布格局的影响,第二轴着重反映年太阳总辐射、相对地形湿润指数(TRM I)和土壤有机质含量对群落分布格局的影响。DCCA结果揭示出各植物群落沿环境梯度的递变规律,表明海拔与土壤的湿润及营养状况是控制研究区群落及物种分布的决定性因素。