磷酸盐现场自动分析仪化学工艺优化研究

本文结合营养盐现场自动分析仪的研制,研究了磷酸盐分析所南各种试剂的用量及其作用,重点研究了低浓度磷酸盐的浓度与吸光值之间的关系以及温度对完全反应时间的影响,给出了０．００６～０．１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内ＰＯ４－Ｐ浓度与吸光值的线性函数关系和较合适的完全反应温度,并且提出了现场自动分析仪的两点定标方法。     

亚硝酸测定工艺流程优化及试剂稳定性研究

对《海洋调查规范》中测定海水 NO2 - N的常规方法进行了优化 ,达到简化操作过程 ,缩短分析时间以适应水下现场自动分析的目标。此外还对亚硝酸盐测定所使用的试剂及标准贮备液的稳定性进行了一系列的研究 ,改进试剂保存方法 ,延长试剂使用寿命 ,以满足长期现场测定的要求。     

海水硅酸盐现场自动监测技术化学工艺优化研究

阐述了硅酸盐测量时试剂的不稳定性，介绍了还原剂配出时间与吸光值之间的关系、化学反应时间的确定及温度对化学反应的影响和盐度效应问题，给出了硅酸盐现场自动化学分析工艺优化流程图。     

海水营养盐现场自动分析技术

介绍了目前国内外对海水营养盐浓度测量仪器的研究现状，论述了吸光光度法测量营养盐浓度的基本原理，以及硅酸盐和氨氮现场测量分析工艺流程。     

海水中氨氮现场自动监测技术化学工艺及试剂保存方法优化研究

为了满足氨氮的水下现场自动分析的要求,作者对次溴酸盐氧化法测定海水中氨氮的规范分析方法进行了实验室系列条件优化;并通过对试剂保存方法的研究,解决了试剂稳定性问题。通过这两方面的工作,保证了海水中氨氮测定方法能在水下现场自动分析仪上顺利实现。     

自动比色分析中测定误差的处理法

本文扼要论述了比色测定中空白误差形成原因,较详细地讨论了排除空白影响及交叉污染处理原理与技术,以供从事自动及普通比色分析人员参考。     

元素分析仪快速测定海洋沉积物TOC和TN的条件优化

报道了在优化样品前处理、燃烧温度、最小加氧量和最佳称样量的基础上,综合构建优化了直接固体进样varioMACRO cube元素分析仪同时测定海洋沉积物样品中总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的条件,即准确称取20~30 mg沉积物样品用1 mol/L盐酸除去无机碳后,直接进样在燃烧管温度960℃,次级燃烧管温度830℃,还原管温度900℃,氦气压力0.12 MPa,流量600 mL/min,氧气压力0.20 MPa,加氧量22.5 mL仪器条件下,用标准曲线法峰面积获取TOC和TN浓度。结果表明,海洋沉积物中TOC和TN测定的检出限分别为0.0508%和0.0146%,回收率分别为97.7%~100.9%和97.2%~101.1%,对4个实际外海沉积物样测定总有机碳和总氮结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.83%~3.06%和1.33%~3.49%(n=12)。该方法操作简便快速、灵敏度高,具有较好的精密度和准确度,可准确可靠地用于海洋沉积物中总有机碳和总氮含量的测定。     

长江口附近氮的地球化学Ⅱ．长江口附近海水中的亚硝酸盐及氨

海水中的NO2-N，是NH4氧化成为NO3ˉ的中间形态，是氧化还原态的指标。而NH4-N则是有机N分解的第一个无机产物。NO2ˉ及NH1 如同NO3ˉ样，可直接被浮游植物同化。大陆迳流及大气降水常带来大量的NH4 。当浮游植物茂盛时，浮游植物与NH4^ 构成了直接循环，     

PC-104 模块在水下原位化学分析仪器中的应用

使用PC-104 嵌入式平台作为控制模块开发了流动注射分析仪的控制和采集系统, 实现了载流驱动、进样控制及CCD(charge coupled device)光谱数据采集等复杂功能。结果表明: PC-104 模块在复杂控制和海量数据采集方面具有很好的实用性, 能大大缩短开发周期, 为结构复杂的水下原位化学分析仪的开发提供良好的控制采集平台。     

PC-104模块在水下原位化学分析仪器中的应用

使用PC-104嵌入式平台作为控制模块开发了流动注射分析仪的控制和采集系统,实现了载流驱动、进样控制及CCD（charge coupled device）光谱数据采集等复杂功能。结果表明：PC-104模块在复杂控制和海量数据采集方面具有很好的实用性,能大大缩短开发周期,为结构复杂的水下原位化学分析仪的开发提供良好的控制...     

现场自动过滤萃取采样技术

本文介绍国内、外现场自动过滤萃取采样技术的现状和发展水平、研究内容、研究方法以及目前所进行的研究工作,并对以后的发展趋势进行了预测。     

A Nondestructive Technique for Predicting the In Situ Void Ratio for Marine Sediments

Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35–70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25–40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6–0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1–1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner.     

新型便携式海水重金属元素现场测量仪研究

介绍了一种新研制的现场测量用小型质谱仪,该仪器能够用来监测水体中的痕量重金属元素如铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)以及砷(As)等,对水质环境污染的现场、实时、连续监测具有重要意义.     

长江口悬沙颗粒的现场测量

我们利用自．行研制的“光学悬浮沙粒径谱仪”对长江口悬沙颗粒进行了现场测量,同时作了现场采样,经华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室分析,分析结果与仪器现场测量结果进行了对比,结果表明,两种方法得到的平均粒径和悬沙浓度基本一致。     

A New Method of Automatic SVP Optimization Based on MOV Algorithm

We applied the maximum offset of sound velocity algorithm to sound velocity profile streamlining and optimization to overcome multibeam survey and data-processing efficiency problems. The impact of sound velocity profile streamlining on sounding data accuracy is evaluated. By automatically optimizing the threshold, the reduction rate of sound velocity profile data can reach over 90% and the standard deviation percentage error of sounding data can be controlled to within 0.1%. The optimized sound velocity profile data improved the operational efficiency of the multi-beam survey and data postprocessing by 3.4 times, indicating that this algorithm has practical value for engineering applications.     

一种用于现场测定的池塘底泥呼吸器

介绍一种新研制的在池塘中使用,可用以进行现场测定的底泥呼吸器。该呼吸器用镀锌薄铁制成,由呼吸室、导水管、手柄等部分组成。呼吸室容水量为２５Ｌ,底面积为０．１５ｍ２。测定时将该呼吸器设置池底,通过导水管换入底层水,同时在近水底处设置盛满底层水的密封水样瓶;培养一定时间后,测定呼吸室及水样瓶的溶氧量,即可据以算出底泥呼吸率。这种设计结构简单、操作简便、造价低廉,经测试和正式使用效果良好。     

浮游植物初级生产力自动测量仪及其测量不确定度研究

简要介绍了最新研制的浮游植物初级生产力自动测量仪的工作原理和系统组成,并对其测量不确定度进行了探讨。     

海水低浓度负二价硫传感器现场测量关键技术研究

通过对传感器敏感探头参比电极盐桥的改进,并在信号转换电路中引入锁相放大技术,使传感器整体性能提高,解决了海水负二价硫(S2-)低浓度(10-4～10-7mol/L)情况下的现场测量关键技术。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

Abstract

The advanced piston cover (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.