Response mitigation on the offshore floating platform system with tuned liquid column damper

In this study a typical tension-leg type of floating platform incorporated with the tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) device is studied. The purpose is to find an effective and economic means to reduce the wave induced vibrations of the floating offshore platform system. The floating offshore platform has been widely applied for the offshore exploitation such as operation station, cross-strait bridges, floating breakwater and complex of the entertainment facilities. For offshore platform being employed as a public complex the stability and comfort to stay will be the major concern besides the safety requirement. Therefore, how to mitigate the vibration induced from waves and similar environmental loading becomes an important issue. The TLCD system utilizing the water sloshing power to reduce the vibration of the main structure, a newly developed device that could effectively reduce the vibrations for many kinds of structure is the first-time employed in the floating platform system. In both the analytical and experimental results it is found that the accurately tuned TLCD system could effectively reduce the dynamic response of the offshore platform system in terms of the vibration amplitude and the resonant frequency.     

Dynamic modeling and vibration suppression for an offshore wind turbine with a tuned mass damper in floating platform

The worldwide demand for renewable energy is increasing rapidly. Wind energy appears as a good solution to copy with the energy shortage situation. In recent years, offshore wind energy has become an attractive option due to the increasing development of the multitudinous offshore wind turbines. Because of the unstable vibration for the barge-type offshore wind turbine in various maritime conditions, an ameliorative method incorporating a tuned mass damper (TMD) in offshore wind turbine platform is proposed to demonstrate the improvement of the structural dynamic performance in this investigation. The Lagrange's equations are applied to establish a limited degree-of-freedom (DOF) mathematical model for the barge-type offshore wind turbine. The objective function is defined as the suppression rate of the standard deviation for the tower top deflection due to the fact that the tower top deflection is essential to the tower bottom fatigue loads, then frequency tuning method and genetic algorithm (GA) are employed respectively to obtain the globally optimum TMD design parameters using this objective function. Numerical simulations based on FAST have been carried out in typical load cases in order to evaluate the effect of the passive control system. The need to prevent the platform mass increasing obviously has become apparent due to the installation of a heavy TMD in the barge-type platform. In this case, partial ballast is substituted for the equal mass of the tuned mass damper, and then the vibration mitigation is simulated in five typical load cases. The results show that the passive control can improve the dynamic responses of the barge-type wind turbine by placing a TMD in the floating platform. Through replacing partial ballast with a uniform mass of the tuned mass damper, a significant reduction of the dynamic response is also observed in simulation results for the barge-type floating structure.     

深海遥控潜水器多体系统非线性耦合动力特性模拟

建立带缆遥控潜水器(TROV)系统空间运动模型,探讨支持船-吊缆-中际站-脐带缆-潜水器多体之间的强非线性耦合运动机理。潜器的运动考虑为六自由度,缆索分段的三维动态方程中采用了"凝集参数"模型与平均切向量非线性流体动力载荷处理技术,通过计算非均匀缆索的动张力和瞬态构型,预报导致脐带缆保护层及其内部光电传输芯线结构破坏的巨大瞬间突变载荷,对避免谐振,延长缆索寿命和最大限度地扩大ROV系统安全操作的范围,确保潜水器安全入坞和回收,节约试验费,避免作业事故都具有重要意义。     

冲击阻尼器对三自由度系统振动抑制研究

从实际工程应用背景出发,基于机组整体弹性安装振动模型和冲击阻尼器每周发生２次不等间隔碰撞,理论分析和计算了空间三自由度阻尼系统的稳态响应。同无冲击阻尼器系统相比较,在系统的共振频率范围内,冲击阻尼器对系统有良好的振动抑制作用。     

基于自动识别系统的海缆保护方法研究

针对海缆在使用过程中经常出现的锚损现象,通过对自动识别系统（AIS）功能和海缆保护要求的分析,重点利用AIS广播信息中包含船舶经纬度的特点,提出了一种利用AIS进行六点布控的海缆保护监测方法。六点布拉法可以弥补一般人工监测和摄像机监测等方法的不足,真正实现海缆的实时和动态保护。     

海藻液体肥肥效的研究

采用由碱解法和酶解法制得的海藻液体肥 ,在蔬菜作物上进行浸种和叶面喷施试验 ,结果表明 :海藻液体肥能显著提高种子的发芽率 ,促进作物的生长发育 ,提高作物产量。用海藻液体肥浸种 ,可使种子的发芽率提高 1 0 %左右 ,将其用于叶面喷施 ,则可使作物增产 1 0 %～2 0 %。     

南海北部海域油气资源调查技术及其应用研究——拖缆及海底地震仪联合勘探观测系统研究

拖缆与海底地震仪联合勘探技术在野外地震调查中起着举足轻重的作用,特别是对油气资源的地震调查方法的研究。其中对海底地震仪(OBS)的研究能够给深水油气调查提供有力的保障,OBS在海底的布设是联合采集的关键,对OBS观测系统的研究显得尤为重要,关系到OBS采集的野外资料的总体质量和后期解释。因此,通过研究,可以选择设计最佳的观测系统,为联合勘探技术提供基础数据,降低采集费用、提高作业效率。     

Study of non-linear wave motions and wave forces on ship sections against vertical quay in a harbor

The resonance phenomenon of fluid motions in the gap between ship section, seabed and vertical quay wall is studied numerically and experimentally. The natural frequency of the fluid motions in the gap is derived. A two-dimensional time-domain coupled numerical model is developed to calculate the non-linear wave forces acting on a ship section against vertical quay in a harbor. The fluid domain is divided into an inner domain and an outer domain. The outer domain is the area between the left side of ship section and the incident boundary, where flow is expressed by Boussinesq equations. The rest area is the inner domain, which is the domain beneath the ship section plus the domain between the right side of ship section and vertical quay wall. The flow in the inner domain is expressed by Newton's Second Law. Matching conditions on the interface between the inner domain and the outer domain are the continuation of volume flux and the equality of pressures. The numerical results are validated by experimental data.     

Multiple analysis of the whaling issue: Understanding the dispute by a matrix

The contentious whaling dispute can be described as a scientific dispute over resource management, the collision between nations that regard whales as food and nations that see whales as special, political game played by politicians who like to be seen as environmentally conscious by opposing whaling, and economic interests of the whaling industry and fundraising anti-whaling organizations. All of these different interpretations are correct, however, none, by themselves, can explain the whole picture of the controversy. This paper, by constructing a matrix, presents a comprehensive picture of this complex dispute and some options for making a progress.     

Study and application of an improved four-dimensional variational assimilation system based on the physical-space statistical analysis for the South China Sea

The four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) has been widely used in meteorological and oceanographic data assimilation. This method is usually implemented in the model space, known as primal approach (P4D-Var). Alternatively, physical space analysis system (4D-PSAS) is proposed to reduce the computation cost, in which the 4D-Var problem is solved in physical space (i.e., observation space). In this study, the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, implemented in the 4D-PSAS system is evaluated and it is found that the non-monotonic change of the gradient norm of 4D-PSAS cost function causes artificial oscillations of cost function in the iteration process. The reason of non-monotonic variation of gradient norm in 4D-PSAS is then analyzed. In order to overcome the non-monotonic variation of gradient norm, a new algorithm, Minimum Residual (MINRES) algorithm, is implemented in the process of assimilation iteration in this study. Our experimental results show that the improved 4D-PSAS with the MINRES algorithm guarantees the monotonic reduction of gradient norm of cost function, greatly improves the convergence properties of 4D-PSAS as well, and significantly restrains the numerical noises associated with the traditional 4D-PSAS system.     

Study on the analysis and distribution of dimethylsulfoxide in the Jiaozhou Bay

A chemoreduction-purge-and-trap gas chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of trace dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in seawater. In the analysis procedure, DMSO was first reduced to dimethylsufide (DMS) by sodium borohydride and then the produced DMS was analyzed using the purge-and-trap technique coupled with gas chromatographic separation and flame photometric detection. Under the optimum conditions, 97% DMSO was reduced in the standard solution samples with a standard deviation of 5% (n=5). The detection limit of DMSO was 2.7 pmol of sulfur, corresponding to a concentration of 0.75 nmol/L for a 40 ml sample. This method was applied to determine the dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) concentrations in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay, and the results showed that the DMSOd and DMSOp concentrations varied from 16.8 to 921.1 nmol/L (mean:165.2 nmol/L) and from 8.0 to 162.4 nmol/L (mean:57.7 nmol/L), respectively. The high concentrations of DMSOp were generally found in productive regions. Consequently, a significant correlation was found between the concentrations of DMSOp and chlorophyll a, suggesting that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distribution of DMSOp in the bay. Moreover, in the study area, the concentrations of DMSOd were significantly correlated with the levels of DMS, implying that the production of DMSOd is mainly via photochemical and biological oxidation of DMS.     

Prediction of the dynamic response of a slender marine structure under an irregular ocean wave using the NARX-based quadratic Volterra series

The time series of the dynamic response of a slender marine structure was predicted in approximate sense using a truncated quadratic Volterra series. The wave-structure interaction system was identified using the NARX (Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input) technique, and the network parameters were determined through supervised training using prepared datasets. The dataset used for network training was obtained by nonlinear finite element analysis of the slender marine structure under random ocean waves of white noise. The nonlinearities involved in the analysis were both large deformation of the structure under consideration and the quadratic term of the relative velocity between the water particle and structure in the Morison formula. The linear and quadratic frequency response functions of the given system were extracted using the multi-tone harmonic probing method and the time series of the response of the structure was predicted using the quadratic Volterra series. To check the applicability of the method, the response of a slender marine structure under a realistic ocean wave environment with a given significant wave height and modal period was predicted and compared with the nonlinear time domain simulation results. The predicted time series of the response of structure with quadratic Volterra series successfully captured the slowly varying response with reasonably good accuracy. This method can be used to predict the response of the slender offshore structure exposed to a Morison type load without relying on the computationally expensive time domain analysis, especially for screening purposes.     

海上浮体动力定位外力计算

动力定位系统（dynamic positioning system）是一种闭环自动控制系统,采用推力器来抵抗风、浪、流等作用在浮体上的境力,使其保持在所要求的位置上。船舶的风和流作用力由经验公式求得,波浪力主要考虑二阶漂移力,由三维势流理论的直接积分法求得。通过模拟仿真,表明其结果能够用于船舶动力定位系统研究。     

岛屿轮廓数据的熵信息研究

从岛屿轮廓数据的形状特征、几何度量（面积、周长）和岛屿群的分布情况三个角度,结合熵信息的有关定义,给出三种关于岛屿图斑的熵定义方式和计算结果,最后给出一个在聚类问题中的应用实例,说明了这三种熵的应用价值,从而拓宽了熵在地图数据处理中的应用范围。     

涡激振动对船舷安装的相干声纳条带测深系统测量精度影响分析

相干声纳条带测深系统采用船舷安装时,连接系统水下单元的钢管在水流作用下可能发生共振和频率锁定而剧烈振动,其下端的以换能器为主的系统水下单元也会随之摆动,使数据质量和测量精度受到影响。笔者通过分析在实际工作中遇到的问题发现:连接系统水下单元的钢管越长,钢管越容易在低流速条件下发生共振现象;换能器剧烈摆动会造成大量噪音信号;换能器摆动幅度较大时系统的安装校准会失效。本文通过解析计算得出了在现场操作中不同悬挂长度的钢管发生频率锁定时的控制流速以及换能器最大摆动幅度,认为实际工作中换能器距固定点在1.0m以内是可靠的,并对现场操作中如何减弱和避免涡激振动对系统精度的影响提出建议。     

Parametric study of geometrical effects on the degree of bending (DoB) in offshore tubular K-joints under out-of-plane bending loads

In this paper, results of comprehensive finite element (FE) analyses carried out on 81 generated models of tubular K-joints are presented. Results of FE models were verified against experimental data and parametric equations. The fatigue life of a tubular joint, which is commonly found in offshore industry, is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress (HSS), but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). Data extracted from FE analyses was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the DoB values in tubular K-joints subjected to two types of out-of-plane bending (OPB) moment loads. The determination of DoB values in a tubular joint is essential for improving the accuracy of fatigue life estimation using the stress-life (S–N) method and particularly for predicting the fatigue crack growth based on the fracture mechanics (FM) approach. Geometrically parametric investigation was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop DoB parametric formulas for the fatigue analysis of K-joints under OPB loadings.     

大地测量中法方程病态性问题的初探

在大地测量中,法方程病态问题大量存在。由于病态性的存在,致使按最小二乘法解算参数估值精度变差发生扭曲,最终使所得结果不能使用。重点研究奇异值分解法(SVD)和误差转移法解决病态问题的思想、途径、对关键问题的处理、适用范围等。最后通过GPS实测数据来验证这两种方法的有效性,其解算的结果表明:这两种方法能解决法方程病态性问题,且算法简便、易懂,有较强的应用价值。     

基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是GIS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现，首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点，再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及MapX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理，从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线，同时发现MapX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。     

局域椭圆偏振光束强聚焦性质的研究

数值计算了局域椭圆偏振光束强聚焦时在焦平面上的横向场强分布、纵向场强分布、横向能流以及纵向角动量分布.结果显示在焦平面上光束总的纵向角动量为零,但在不同象限光束具有不同方向的纵向角动量.当相位延迟角度在0到π之间变化时横向场强分布基本不变,但纵向场强分布有很明显的变化.液晶相位延迟器由外部电压控制,使其相位延迟角度能在0到π之间可以连续取值.因而液晶相位延迟器的外接电压可以实现对焦平面上的纵向场强以及纵向角动量的实时调控.     

基于MapInfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是G IS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于M apInfo数据格式在G IS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现,首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点,再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及M apX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理,从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线,同时发现M apX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。