烃源岩显微组分的显微傅利叶红外光谱研究

采用显微傅利叶红外光谱（Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ）研究了源岩中三个系列显微组分包括陆生高等植物成因的镜质体、丝质体、木栓质体、孢子体、角质体,水生动物成因的笔石、几丁虫及热演化过程中次生的组分沥青等的化学组成与结构演变特征。研究表明,所有显微组分随其演化程度增高,脂族链变短,含氧官能团减少,芳烃富集且芳环缩合度增加。镜质体含丰富的芳烃ＣＣ,壳质组含丰富的脂族烃Ｃ—Ｈｘ,笔石、几丁虫含丰富的含氧官能团和氧桥（Ｃ—Ｏ—Ｃ及Ａｒ—Ｏ—Ａｒ等）,沥青的脂族烃Ｃ—Ｈｘ含量介于壳质组与镜质体之间,丝质体含丰富的芳烃ＣＣ及氧桥。     

构造煤与原生结构煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱特征对比研究

通过对平顶山、郑州和南票三大矿区石炭二叠纪含煤岩系中高煤级烟煤和无烟煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱分析，探讨了原生结构煤与构造煤的有机大分子结构演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明，构造应力有利于煤中氢发生化学环境转移，使脂肪烃含量相对减少、稳定的芳香烃含量相对增加，促进煤大分子结构缩合度和有序度增加。     

傅立叶红外光谱技术在翡翠研究中的应用

基于透射光谱的差异，用傅立叶红外光谱研究翡翠的矿物组成；分析硬玉、霓石、霓辉石和透辉石等主要矿物，以天然翡翠的特征红外光谱为依据，鉴别市售翡翠的真伪和类别（Ａ、Ｂ货）；利用红外显微镜作微区透射光谱，鉴别通常难以鉴别的有裂缝及裂缝填充物的翡翠（Ｂ货），提出了准确的无损鉴别翡翠的方法。     

海拉尔盆地煤及其显微组分的红外漫反射光谱特征

利用红外漫反射光谱和谱带分离技术,从海拉尔盆地煤及其显微组分的红外漫反射光谱图中,在３１００－２８００ｃｍ＾－１范围内分辨出１２或１３个峰,并确认了结构归属,同时建立了５个反映有机质化学结构组成特征的参数,讨论了煤与显微镜组分的生烃潜能。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤显微组分的micro-FTIR研究

采用显微傅利叶红外光谱（ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ）技术研究了鄂尔多斯盆地不同煤级煤中基质镜质体、丝质体、藻类体、角质体、孢子体及树脂体的化学组成与结构演化特点．研究结果表明,随煤级增加,煤显微组分中脂族结构成分先增后减,含氧官能团减少,芳烃富集且芳环缩合度增加;在相同的热演化程度下,丝质体较基质镜质体和类脂组含更多的芳香结构成分和较少的脂族结构成分,及具更高的芳香缩合度,而基质镜质体又较类脂组含更多ＣＣ／ＣＨ,且基质镜质体中含较多的ＡｒＯＡｒ,ＣＯＣ等交链结构．反射式ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ具制样简单、快速准确等优点,且能进行单组分分析,无须分离样品,具透射式ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ和粉末红外光谱无可比拟的优越性,是煤及源岩显微组分微区化学分析的有力工具．     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤显微组分的micro—FTIR研究

采用显微傅利叶红外光谱（ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ）技术研究了鄂尔多斯盆地不同煤级中基质镜质体,丝质体,藻类体,角质体,孢子体及树脂体的化学组成与结构演化特点,研究结果表明,随煤级增加,煤显微组分中脂族结构成分先后后减,含氧官能团减少,芳烃富集且芳环缩合度增加;在相同的热演化程度下,丝质体基质镜质体和类脂组含更多的芳香结构成分和较少的脂族结构成分,及具更高的芳香缩合度,而基质镜质体又较类脂组含更多Ｃ＝Ｃ     

南方树皮煤红外光谱特征及成烃演化规律研究

系统测定了南方树皮煤——这一特殊地质环境中地质体的红外光谱,试图据其红外光谱特征来阐述它的成烃演化规律,并尽力提出在南方广大区域内寻找煤成气,煤成油的可能性。     

有机包裹体显微傅里叶红外光谱和荧光光谱测定及其意义

应用显微光度术、显微傅里叶红外光谱（Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴ．ＩＲ）结合均一温度测量,对胜利油气区下第三系沙河街组沙三段中有机包裹体进行了研究。区分出两类有机包裹体,即原生有机包裹体和次生有机包裹体。有机包裹体荧光特征和显微傅里叶红餐光谱定量研究表明：（１）原生有机包裹体中含有硫醇化合物,其烃类有机质烷基碳链较长,碳原子数约为１５－１７;次生有机包裹体中除含有硫醇外,还含有一定量的Ｈ２Ｓ,其烃类肯机质烷基     

电气石红外光谱和红外辐射特性的研究

精确测试和研究了不同种属电气石的红外光谱特征及不同种属、不同温度条件下热处理电气石的红外辐射特性。结果表明：电气石具有高红外发射率的本质在于其晶体结构中的分子振动具红外活性;铁、镁电气石红外发射率相近,且都大于锂电气石的红外发射率;电气石热处理的温度与红外发射率之间存在一定的对应关系,随着热处理的温度的增加,红外发射率减小,当温度增大到800℃红外发射率达到最大值,超过900℃,电气石开始分解,红外发射率开始下降;电气石在室温下最大单色辐出度相应的波长为9~10μm 与绝对黑体9.72 μm 吻合较好,为良好的红外吸收与发射材料。     

煤岩组分化学结构随热演化变化与生烃性研究

应用显微傅立叶红外光谱分析,研究了胜利油田附近的石炭系太原组煤烃源岩中主要生烃有机组分化学结构特征。结果表明,荧光镜质体富含芳烃结构和含氧有机结构,而树脂体和角质体富含脂肪烃结构,荧光镜质体和树脂体烷基烃碳链短或支化程度高。随热演化程度增高,荧光镜质体和树脂体红外光谱参数(CH₂+CH₃) C=C和CH₂ CH₃比值逐渐减小,而孢子体和角质体的这两个参数先增后减,反映出荧光镜质体与树脂体具早期生烃特点,而孢子体与角质体生烃演化具弱—强—弱特性,具生烃高峰期。     

分子荧光偏振技术及其在研究腐殖物质与污染物相互作用方面的研究进展

腐殖物质对污染物如有毒金属元素(如汞．铜和铅等)及有机污分子荧光染物(如多环芳烃,有下几农药等)具有络合或吸附作用,从而改变污染物的存在形式及其迁侈途径．所以能有效地降低污染物的毒性。近年来,用分子荧光学研究两者间的这种作用过程逐渐得到人们的关注。本文综述了运用荧光偏振技术在腐殖物质与污染物的相互作用领域的研究现状。荧光偏振的研究成果可加深对腐殖物质与污染机理的认识．能较精确地定量评估它们之间的作用强度．了解它们结合后的分子构型变化．有助于了解污染物在环境中的生物地球化学循环。     

青藏高原腹地典型岩体热历史与构造—地貌演化过程的热年代学分析

通过对青藏高原腹地不同构造部位的班戈、雄梅、羊八井、拉萨花岗岩和甲岗、曲水花岗闪长岩的热年代学分析，剖析了青藏高原腹地构造－热事件与构造－地貌演化过程。结果表明，青藏高原腹地自中生代中、晚期以来发生4期重大区域性构造－热事件，包括121－116Ma沿班公－怒江缝合带发生的强烈中酸性岩浆侵位事件、93－45Ma沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带北缘发生的强烈中酸性岩浆侵位事件和随后发生于78－40Ma的快速隆升事件、25－15Ma沿冈底斯构造－岩浆带发生的强烈构造隆升事件及8－6．5Ma以来在拉萨地块中部发生的区域性伸展裂陷－差异隆升事件。区域性剥蚀夷平事件主要发生于40－25Ma与15－8Ma，区域性整体隆升主要发生在中新世早、中期即25－8Ma，区域性伸展裂陷与差异升降事件的开发时代约为8－6．5Ma。     

Thermal Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone on the Eastern Margin of the Dabie Mountains and Its Tectonic Implications

Five samples of muscovite from mylonites of the earlier Tanlu ductile shear zone on the eastern margin of the Dabie Mountains yield 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 178 Ma to 196 Ma. Three of them have reliable plateau ages of 188.7±0.7 Ma, 189.7±0.6 Ma and 192.5±0.7 Ma respectively, which indicates a syn-orogenic, sinistral strike-slip thermal event. This displacement movement derived from the continent-continent collision of the North and South China blocks took place in the Early Jurassic and after uplifting of high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure slabs to the mid-crust. It is suggested that during the collision the Tanlu fault zone was an intracontinental transform fault caused by differential subduction speeds. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of mylonite whole-rock and muscovite from the later Tanlu ductile shear zone suggest another sinistral strike-slip cooling event at 128 Ma. During this strike-slip faulting, large-scale intrusion and doming uplift occurred in the eastern part of the Dabie orogenic belt. Data o     

Potential protonation sites in the Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>SiO<Subscript>5</Subscript> polymorphs based on polarized FTIR spectroscopy and properties of the electron density distribution

Potential protonation sites for, kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite, located in a mapping of the (3, −3) critical points displayed by their L(r) = −∇²ρ(r) distributions, are compared with polarized single-crystal FTIR spectra of kyanite and sillimanite determined earlier and with andalusite measured in this study. For andalusite, seven peaks were observed when the electric vector, E, is parallel to [100]: four intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, 3,526, and 3,597 cm⁻¹ and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm⁻¹. Six peaks, three intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, and 3,526 cm⁻¹ and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm⁻¹ when E parallels [010]. No peaks were observed when E is parallel to [001]. The concentration of water in andalusite varies between 110 and 168 ppm by weight % H₂O. Polarized FTIR spectra indicate that the OH vector is parallel to (001) in andalusite and sillimanite and in kyanite. Examination of the L(r) (3, −3) critical points in comparison with the polarized FTIR indicates that H prefers to bond to the oxygen atoms O1 and O2 in andalusite and O2 and O4 in sillimanite which correspond to the underbonded oxygen atoms and those with the largest L(r) maxima. In kyanite, comparison of the FTIR spectrum and the critical points indicates that H will preferentially bond to the two 4-coordinated O2 and O6 atoms.     

应用电子微探针-扫描电镜-拉曼光谱-电子背散射衍射研究一种未知Ti-Zr-U氧化物的矿物学特征

本文应用电子微探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)在阿尔金地区的榴闪岩中发现了一种微米级含铀氧化物矿物,结合光学显微镜、拉曼光谱和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对该矿物的化学成分、赋存状态、物理及光学性质、晶体结构等矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,该矿物在空间上与钛铁矿关系密切且主要产于其边部,为一种不透明矿物;主要化学组成为TiO2、ZrO2和UO2,实验化学式为(Zr,U)Ti2O6,其中U与Zr互为类质同象替代;具独特的拉曼光谱特征,初步确定为斜方晶系且具有序的铌钙矿结构。通过电子微探针U-Th-Pb定年获得等时线年龄为451±49Ma,可能代表了寄主岩石的退变质年龄。将该矿物与化学成分类似的晶体进行对比,发现与斯里兰卡石等已知天然矿物存在差异,而与一种人工合成晶体Zr5Ti7O24在化学成分和晶体结构上较为相似,可以初步推断Ti-Zr-U氧化物为一种未被人们发现的新矿物。     

Studies on the Thermodynamics and Thermal Chemistry Properties for Lithium Salts and Their Aqueous Solution Systems

正1 Introduction With the industrial development of lithium battery,nuclear and aerospace industry,the demands of metal lithium and its compounds are increasing significantly.Lithium is called as the energy of the metal in the new century(Zhang et al.2001).The total reserve of lithium resources around the world7     

博格达山东北缘上二叠统沉积特征与沉积演化模式

通过对博格达山东北缘西大龙口剖面与水西沟剖面上二叠统进行详细观察和精细测量,详细分析了地层特征与沉积相特征,建立了沉积演化模式。结果表明:博格达山东北缘上二叠统自下而上发育泉子街组、梧桐沟组与锅底坑组;泉子街组沉积期,西大龙口剖面与水西沟剖面分别发育冲积扇、曲流河,冲积扇砂砾岩体内有大量的砂岩砾石与油页岩砾石,为博格达山周缘地区中二叠统红雁池组与芦草沟组被剥蚀后在山前沉积的产物;梧桐沟组沉积期,博格达山隆升为物源区,西大龙口剖面与水西沟剖面分别发育辫状河、曲流河,辫状河砂砾岩体内火山岩砾石较多;锅底坑组沉积期,西大龙口剖面与水西沟剖面主要发育曲流河泛滥平原,以紫红色粉砂质泥岩、泥岩为主。     

Research on the Distribution and Content of Water Ice in Lunar Pole Regions Using Clementine UVVIS Data

Interest in the Moon started to increase at the beginning of the 21st century,and henceforth,more and more attention has been paid to the content and distribution of water ice in the lunar polar regions.The existence of water or ice in the regolith can apparently change its dielectric features.Therefore,in this article,the Dobson model is adopted and improved according to the Moon's environmental features,to construct the relationship between the volumetric water ice content and the dielectric constant.Ther...     

KArMars: A Breadboard Model for In Situ Absolute Geochronology Based on the K–Ar Method Using UV‐Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

We present a breadboard prototype to perform in situ dating applicable to planetary exploration. Based on the K–Ar dating method and using instruments inspired by flight‐proven analytical components, ‘KArMars’ ablated a geological sample under high vacuum with a quadrupled ultraviolet (UV at 266 nm) Nd:YAG laser. During ablation, the K content of the target material was given by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and the released ⁴⁰Ar was measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Because K was measured as a concentration and ⁴⁰Ar as a count of atoms, these values were converted using the ablated mass given by the product of the density and the ablated volume. The uncertainties of the age measurement were < 15%. The quality of the K–Ar measurements was enhanced by the advantages of UV laser ablation such as the minimisation of thermal effects on argon diffusion. This work demonstrates that a specialised instrument inspired by this set‐up could provide in situ absolute geochronology with sufficient precision for scientific investigations, particularly where the crater density counting provides higher uncertainties on Mars.