基于SQL/NoSQL的空间目标光学特性数据混合存储策略

为解决海量空间目标光学特性数据入库与检索效率低、非结构化数据存储与管理困难、数据服务扩展性差和无法满足多用户获取实时请求数据的问题,提出一种空间目标光学特性数据混合存储策略.首先,利用光学特性数据中光源与探测角度的规律性,对数据进行处理并构建检索策略;其次,结合空间目标光学特性数据应用领域在数据存储、处理和访问方面的需求特点,构建空间目标光学特性数据混合存储策略,并设计了数据检索体系结构;最后,选取空间目标模拟光学特性数据入库和检索两个场景进行验证.实验结果表明,存储数值数据情况下,混合存储策略数据入库效率较传统关系型数据库提高超过17倍;存储数值数据和图像文件情况下,提高超过34倍;在多用户请求下混合存储策略数据检索效率较传统存储策略有较大提升.提出的混合存储策略能够有效地满足空间目标光学特性相关的仿真、测试与实验对数据的实时请求需求.     

天文大数据管理工具的设计与实现

随着大型地面和空间观测设备的建设以及大型巡天项目的开展,天文数据以TB字节、PB字节,甚至EB字节计量,天文学进入了"大数据"时代。面对数据海洋,如何有效地存储和管理这些大数据是摆在天文学家面前的核心问题。数据存储和管理不仅仅是天文数据中心的任务,天文学家也需要有效地管理自己的科研数据。能够将海量的数据自动地存入数据库中是管理数据的基本前提,而高效的数据索引则是管理数据的核心要素,为此设计开发了天文大数据管理工具Auto DB,使用虚拟终端监视实现海量数据的自动入库,对数据自动创建全新的天空分区索引Q3C(Quad Tree Cube),对天文数据进行二维空间索引以便于高效的管理。天文大数据管理工具的改进和完善对天文学家后续研究中的数据融合、数据分析、数据挖掘提供了根本的保障,尤其对从事大数据的天文学家,拥有自动化的数据库管理工具,可以集中精力致力于科学研究。     

海量星表融合系统（XMaS_VO）的设计与开发

将不同波段的星表、特别是巡天项目产生的大型星表进行交叉证认,一直是进行多波段天文学研究,尤其是数据挖掘、统计分析研究的瓶颈.本文开发和实现了一个不依赖于特定数据库的海量星表融合系统(简称为XMaS_VO),用户能够方便地使用此系统的服务进行星表的上传及自动入库、交叉证认等工作.此外,XMaS_VO具备可移植性,如果用户需要进行很大数量的或者大型星表的交叉证认服务,可以自己建立数据库,方便地将此工具移植到自己的服务器上,自己使用或者开放服务给他人.随着该系统的进一步发展和应用.天文学家将可以轻松自如地获得他们需要的多波段融合数据,自由地选取参数和匹配的结果.从而可以更加有效地从事海量数据处理和分析工作.     

天文数据库回顾与展望

随着新一代巡天观测、时域观测等天文项目的推进,当前的天文数据量越来越大。面对天文领域日益增长的大数据集和大数据流,需要一些高效的数据存储和数据处理方法来对数据进行管理。天文数据库以及在其基础上提供的数据服务的出现部分解决了这样的问题。借助于计算机技术和信息技术的进步,一些更加专业的针对天文领域的数据发现、数据挖掘、数据交互等工作正在逐步标准化。基于虚拟天文台技术和天文信息学的新型天文数据服务正深入天文用户的日常科研生活中。首先简单回顾了天文数据库的历史,然后通过对几个典型天文数据库的举例分析,从天文数据库的类型、提供的服务等方面介绍了当前天文数据库的特点和最新进展,并对今后天文数据库的发展做了展望。     

异地异构天文数据资源的统一访问

天文观测数据资源具有时间跨度大,数据量大,存储、管理分散,管理工具驳杂等特点.如何提供给天文学家一个统一访问这些异地存放的异构数据资源的方案,是虚拟天文台的一个重要研究课题.本文提出了一种基于网格的解决方案.我们基于OGSA-DAI技术实现了对天文星表数据,图像数据和光谱数据的封装(DataNode).我们设计的虚拟天文台数据访问服务(VO-DAS)实现了对DataNode的自动资源发现以及异地异构数据库的联合访问.这将使天体的多波段交叉证认成为可能.VO-DAS支持国际虚拟天文台联盟(IVOA)的各项相关标准,使得它具有良好的互操作性.它的对外接口简单实用,可以针对不同需求的天文数据用户发展出多种网格应用产品.通过在两个科学范例中应用VO-DAS服务,证明了它的可行性.     

丽江2.4米望远镜观测日志辅助系统的设计与研发

望远镜的观测日志在用户进行数据处理以及台站对观测数据进行存储、归档和发布时都非常重要,观测日志往往能提供很多信息以供用户判断观测数据的质量。在观测过程中,观测日志通过观测助手或用户手工记录,存在信息不全、笔误等多种可能,且纸质的观测日志也不利于后期数据的归档和发布。针对丽江2.4 m望远镜云南暗弱天体成像光谱仪的观测数据,设计研发了一套自动记录观测日志的辅助系统,该系统可以自动记录观测数据的日志信息,并提供修改错误信息的功能;系统中以用户的观测时间申请书编号为唯一代码对数据进行管理,从而实现了根据不同用户进行观测数据打包的功能。在保护观测数据权限的同时,降低了笔误带来的影响,提高了观测日志的准确性,最终提高望远镜的观测效率。     

IERS数据动态提取与更新系统的设计与实现

在高精度的位置计算中需要获取计算时刻所在日期的闰秒,以及UT1-UTC等关键数据,但长期以来这一类数据的维护均是手工进行,出错率高.针对新一代中国太阳射电日像仪观测与数据处理过程中的位置计算需要,实现了一个自动提取国际地球自转服务（IERS）参数的数据更新自维护子系统.系统可以根据需要自动运行、自动下载并分拆IERS网站数据,采用正则表达式从文本中自动获取所需要的实测值与预报值,自动在本地构建一个2004年12月31日以来的IERS数据库,并根据每周所获得的数据维护整个IERS的数据,将最新的实测值与预报值存入数据文件,实现了数据的滚动更新.系统彻底解决了手工维护数据的问题,为中国太阳射电日像仪的自动数据处理流水线打下了较好的基础.同时,本文提出的方法是一种通用的方法,可以方便地集成应用到国内其它天文位置计算领域.     

CSRH-Ⅰ观测数据接收子系统的设计与实现

中国新一代厘米-分米波射电日像仪(Chinese Spectral Radio Heliograph,CSRH)项目已经完成了硬件建设。为了实现从数字接收机中读取观测数据,并将最新的可用数据状态通知其他子系统如监控系统和实时展现系统等,迫切需要一个稳定可靠的数据接收子系统。针对CSRH-I的特点及要求,在分析数字接收机原始数据格式的基础上,设计并实现了CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统。系统基于Linux环境,采用Boost软件包作为底层开发库,实现了基于TCP协议的网络套接服务器,能够异步接收、过滤数字接收机发送来的数据,经过相应的分析处理后最终以文件方式存储数据,进而采用UDP报文方式通知其它子系统观测数据的更新状态。本系统充分考虑了通信过程中可能的异常情况并采取了相应的对策。测试表明,CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统工作稳定可靠,容错能力强,可以满足CSRH-I的应用需求。     

CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统的设计与实现

中国新一代厘米-分米波射电日像仪(Chinese Spectral Radio Heliograph,CSRH)项目已经完成了硬件建设.为了实现从数字接收机中读取观测数据,并将最新的可用数据状态通知其他子系统如监控系统和实时展现系统等,迫切需要一个稳定可靠的数据接收子系统.针对CSRH-I的特点及要求,在分析数字接收机原始数据格式的基础上,设计并实现了CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统.系统基于Linux环境,采用Boost软件包作为底层开发库,实现了基于TCP协议的网络套接服务器,能够异步接收、过滤数字接收机发送来的数据,经过相应的分析处理后最终以文件方式存储数据,进而采用UDP报文方式通知其它子系统观测数据的更新状态.本系统充分考虑了通信过程中可能的异常情况并采取了相应的对策.测试表明,CSRH-I观测数据接收子系统工作稳定可靠,容错能力强,可以满足CSRH-I的应用需求.     

中国频谱射电日像仪FITS-IDI文件格式研究

我国新一代中国频谱射电日像仪（Chinese Spectral Radio Heliograph,CSRH）原始观测数据采用自定义格式,在进行后续处理与共享使用时必须转换相应的格式.在分析FITS-IDI（FITS Interferometry Data Interchange）格式的基础上,结合CSRH的实际观测模式与数据产出方式,定义与设计了符合项目情况的FITS-IDI格式及字段,并对FITS-IDI文件中若干字段的值如何获取、计算进行了深入讨论.根据定义生成的FITS-IDI文件已成功导入CASA软件,并可以进行后续处理.经过对CASA测量集文件的核实,证明了数据生成的正确性.本研究有效地推进了CSRH的建设工作,也对其他射电干涉阵数据存储有一定的参考价值.     

Visualization of Distributed Solar Data and Metadata with the Solar Weather Browser

The Solar Weather Browser (SWB) is a standalone, open-source software tool designed to display solar images with context overlays. It was originally developed for the space-weather forecast activities of the Solar Influence Data analysis Center (SIDC) but it is more generally well suited to display the output of solar-feature recognition methods. The SWB is also useful in the context of distributed solar-image archives, where it could play the role of a quick-look viewer. The SWB allows the user to visually browse large solar data sets and investigate the solar activity for a given date. It has a client – server design that minimizes the bandwidth from the network to the user’s monitor. The server processes the data using the SolarSoft library and distributes them through a Web server to which the SWB client connects. The client is readily available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows at . We discuss the software technology embedded in the SWB as well as its use for solar physics and space weather.     

Information from the Kinematics of F and G Stars in the Solar Neighborhood

We have calculated the orbital parameters for 90 stars in Chen et al. and updated the kinematic data for stars in Edvardsson et al. by using the accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and proper motions, and recalculated the \\\\\\\\\\\\-element abundances in Edvardsson et al. in a way consistent with Chen et al. The two sets of data are combined in a study of stellar populations and characteristics of F & G stars in the solar neighborhood. We confirm the result of Chen et al. that a distinguishable group of stars may belong to the thick disk rather than the thin disk. The ages for the stars are determined using the theoretical isochrones of VandenBerg et al. The age-metallicity relation is investigated for different subgroups according to distance from the sun and galactic orbital parameters. It is found that a mixing of stars with different orbital parameters significantly affect the age-metallicity relation for the disk. Stars with orbits confined to the solar circle all have metallicities [Fe/H] > -0.3 irresp     

H-alpha太阳全日面像数据管理系统的建立

云南天文台的H-alpha太阳色球望远镜每天的数据量约有2G bytes，大量数据带来了使用上的不便。因此，实现数据的查询和共享成为了一个相当重要的问题。为此，试图通过建立H-alpha数据的管理系统，实现对工作流程的改进，完成对数据的检索、在线浏览和远程下载。在WindwsXP操作系统和MysQL数据库管理系统的平台上，利用JAVA语言和JSP技术开发了一个基于浏览器／服务器模式的原型系统，可以完成对数据的压缩存储，实现数据的检索、实时浏览、删除(需要相应权限)和下载等功能。     

Two populations of open clusters

The paper proposes a division of the local open clusters into two different disklike subpopulations on the base of the metallicity enhancement history, spatial distribution in the Galaxy and morphology of their C-M diagrams. The thin disk population objects exhibit higher metallicities and are more closely concentrated to the center and the disk of the Galaxy than the thick disk clusters. The former contain also frequently blue stragglers while the later exhibit the presence of Clump giant members, typical for the thick disk globular clusters. Kinematical properties of the two considered open cluster subpopulations remain unknown due to the lack of observational data.     

银河系厚盘恒星的年龄-金属度关系

对太阳邻域内银河系盘星、特别是厚盘恒星年龄-金属度关系的研究进展作了较为详细的回顾和评述；说明目前对盘星是否确实存在年龄-金属度关系还存在争议，而厚盘恒星可能存在这种关系。同时指出，要得出明晰的结论，在观测资料的基础上取得合理的恒星样本至关重要。     

Titan trace gaseous composition from CIRS at the end of the Cassini-Huygens prime mission

This paper reports on the results from an extensive study of all nadir-looking spectra acquired by Cassini/CIRS during the 44 flybys performed in the course of the nominal mission (2004-2008). With respect to the previous study (Coustenis, A., and 24 colleagues [2007]. Icarus 189, 35-62, on flybys TB-T10) we present here a significantly richer dataset with, in particular, more data at high northern and southern latitudes so that the abundances inferred here at these regions are more reliable. Our enhanced high-resolution dataset allows us to infer more precisely the chemical composition of Titan all over the disk. We also include improved spectroscopic data for some molecules and updated temperature profiles. The latitudinal distributions of all of the gaseous species are inferred. We furthermore test vertical distributions essentially for acetylene (C₂H₂) from CIRS limb-inferred data and from current General Circulation Models for Titan and compare our results on all the gaseous abundances with predictions from 1-D photochemical-radiative models to check the reliability of the chemical reactions and pathways.     

Editorial: submission of accepted papers in TEX/LATEX by FTP

The Editorial Board is now in a position to receive the TEX/LATEX files of accepted Monthly Notices papers by file transfer protocol (FTP), as an alternative to submission on floppy disk. A password-protected Monthly Notices directory has been set up on the FTP server at the publisher, Blackwell Science, for this purpose.     

Spatial orientation of the spin vectors of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster I. A catalogue of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster

Based on four UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) IIIa-j direct plates which had been digitized by the Automated Plate Measuring System (APM), a detailed identification of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster has been carried out. The certain and possible member galaxies are mainly selected from the updated Catalogue of 2096 Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster Area (VCC). The area of this identification covers a 85 square degree region centered on this cluster. As a result, we compiled a new catalogue of 340 certain and possible member disk galaxies, including 85 lenticulars (SO), 136 spirals (S) and 119 irregulars (Irr), where the APM-measured values of the position angle (P.A.) and diameters of 299 disk galaxies are provided. For at least 149 galaxies, the values of the P.A. and diameters are published for the first time.Comparison between the APM-measured P.A. and diameters of galaxies and those given by the Uppsala General Catalog of Galaxies (UGC) demonstrates the reliability of our data. The statistical properties and completeness of this database are also discussed. Compared with the UGC-given P.A. and diameters which were determined by eyes, our data has no selection effect owing to the instrument measurements. Within our searching region, this might be the largest and relatively complete photometric database published so far for investigating the spatial orientation of the spin vectors of galaxies in the Virgo cluster.     

The chemical evolution of the galactic disc from the kinematics and metallicities of proper motion stars

Members of the Galaxy components are identified according to stellar ages, metallicities and galactic orbits. The local thin disk is found to have a maximum age of 11 billion years and a small abundance scatter partially controlled by the radial gradient of abundances. Metal-rich and old metal-poor stars belong to inner galactic populations and SMRs represent the ultimate star generation in the bulge. The thick disk forms a smooth transition between the halo and thin disk.     

OPserver: interactive online computations of opacities and radiative accelerations

Codes to compute mean opacities and radiative accelerations for arbitrary chemical mixtures using the Opacity Project recently revised data have been restructured in a client–server architecture and transcribed as a subroutine library. This implementation increases efficiency in stellar modelling where element stratification due to diffusion processes is depth dependent, and thus requires repeated fast opacity re-estimates. Three user modes are provided to fit different computing environments, namely, a web browser, a local workstation and a distributed grid.