A spatial decision support system prototype for housing mobility program planning

This paper presents a GIS-based decision support system prototype intended for use by public housing authority (PHA) administrators and planners designing policy for housing mobility programs. Housing mobility programs enable low-income families, many of whom live in government-operated public housing, to move to more desirable private-market rentals via rent subsidies. Unfortunately, housing authority planners have limited ability to visualize alternative relocation schemes of cohorts of low-income families or the impacts associated with these relocation policies. Thus, they are often not able to give highest-quality advice to clients regarding places to search for private-market rental housing. Housing Location Planner assists PHA planners in three ways: it analyzes spatial, demographic and housing market characteristics of the study area, selects certain portions of the study area for input to an optimization model which generates alternative family allocations, and displays optimization model results in a way that links decision variable values and objective function values. Housing Location Planner is seen as a first step in the development of even more sophisticated multi-stakeholder spatial decision support systems for subsidized housing planning in which one or more alternative allocations of families across a study area is chosen as a basis for policy initiatives. Received: 8 September 1999/Accepted: 23 October 2000     

Spatial decision support system for home-delivered services

 We present a spatial decision support system for the non-profit sector, designed to assist planning in the area of home-delivered services such as meals on wheels. Using data collected from existing programs, current and forecasted demographic data, and a set of algorithmic tools, we provide a system for evaluating current meals on wheels facilities, and for making incremental facility location decisions that satisfy coverage and equity requirements. Received: 27 September 2000 / Accepted: 22 March 2001     

CEMPS: A prototype spatial decision support system to aid in planning emergency evacuations

CEMPS is a prototype spatial decision support system which links the topographical support and analysis provided by a geographic information system, ARC/INFO, with the ability to simulate the dynamics of an evacuation process. CEMPS has been designed to enable emergency planners to experiment with different emergency evacuation plans in order to devise a plan which meets their requirements. ARC/INFO is used to parameterize a dynamic simulation with topographical information and to display its results. The prototype runs on a Sun SPARCStation cluster but could be modified to run on other hardware and software.     

HydrIS:一个用于地下水管理的开放的GIS决策支持系统——以Morocco为例(英文)

A regional groundwater management system has been elaborated, integrating Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and various web services. It consists of web geospatial application so-called HydrIS ( Hydrogeological Information System) based on Open Source components and technologies, leading to a feasible and low-cost solution. Therefore, HydrIS permits delivery of data from a number of heterogeneous sources to standards supported by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The protocols used for exchanging data are also derived from OGC standards, i.e., WMS (Web Mapping Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), and WCS (Web Coverage Service). Finally, a geoportal was developed, which consists of client-applications that communicate with different Web Services (WMS, WCS, and WFS) through http-requests. A prototype for web-based GIS application was designed using the deegree Framework to provide systematic interfaces and functions. This system was developed to demonstrate the value of making hydrogeological data more widely accessible through client/server architecture. This experience and knowledge already gained in this project will be a source for technology transfer and policy decisions. Otherwise, this will enable user groups to improve the management of their groundwater resources and contribute to enhanced decision support capabilities.      

HydrIS: An open source GIS decision support system for groundwater management (Morocco)

A regional groundwater management system has been elaborated, integrating Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and various web services. It consists of web geospatial application so-called HydrIS (Hydrogeological Information System) based on Open Source components and technologies, leading to a feasible and low-cost solution. Therefore, HydrIS permits delivery of data from a number of heterogeneous sources to standards supported by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The protocols used for exchanging data are also derived from OGC standards, i.e., WMS (Web Mapping Service), WFS (Web Feature Service), and WCS (Web Coverage Service). Finally, a geoportal was developed, which consists of client-applications that communicate with different Web Services (WMS, WCS, and WFS) through http-requests.     

防汛会商决策支持系统实现方法

防汛会商属于风险决策和群决策,本文基于决策支持理论,结合我国防汛指挥的实际情况,详细分析论证了当今的信息技术特点和应用前景,阐述了信息领域的网络技术、地理信息系统技术、数据仓库技术和人工智能等在防汛会商决策支持系统中的实际应用。概述了防汛会商决策支持系统的总体结构和实现思路。     

A multistage collaborative 3D GIS to support public participation

This paper presents a collaborative 3D GIS to support public participation. Realizing that public-involved decision-making is often a multistage process, the proposed system is designed to provide coherent support for collaborations in the different stages. We differentiate ubiquitous participation and intensive participation and identify their suitable application stages. The proposed system, then, supports both of the two types of participation by providing synchronous and asynchronous collaboration functionalities. Applying the concept of Digital Earth, the proposed system also features a virtual globe-based user interface. Such an interface integrates a variety of data, functions, and services into a unified virtual environment which is delivered to both experts and public participants through the Internet. The system has been designed as a general software framework and can be tailored for specific projects. In this study, we demonstrate it using a scene modeling case and provide a preliminary evaluation toward its usability.     

Spatial optimization for land acquisition problems: A review of models,solution methods,and GIS support

This article reviews the interdisciplinary research field of spatial optimization for land acquisition problems. We start with a theoretical framework to identify three categories of spatial optimization models: problems with aspatial constraints, location models, and problems with topological constraints. Exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic approaches to solving these problems are critically discussed. Tools that are available in commercial and open‐source GIS packages are reviewed from four aspects. We first survey the off‐the‐shelf support and then the development environments in these packages. A case study of the one‐center problem is used to illustrate the computational performance of different solution methods. Finally the advantages and disadvantages of current GIS data models are discussed. The article concludes with challenges and future directions for solving spatial optimization problems for land acquisition.     

一种面向地理信息系统的空间索引方法

空间检索技术是有交地管理和操纵空间数据的一种必要手段，本文分析了目前常用的空间检索方法在地理信息系统应用上的局限性，指出了一种基于凸多边形的空间索引技术，本文首衔介绍了目前常用的几类空间索引技术及其特点，接着讨论卫面向地理信息的空间索引技术面临的基本问题，提出了基于凸多边形的空间索引结构－CP－树，并侧重分析了其空间运算算法及时空效率，最后指出了空间索引技术所存在的问题及下一步的研究方向。     

A GIS data model for public gardens

An enterprise GIS data model was developed for use in public gardens, which includes botanical gardens, arboreta, and zoos. The data model defines the representation of geographical phenomena, the attributes of each feature, and the relationships between them in order to support information management and analysis within public gardens. The data model was developed using a three‐stage process consisting of conceptual, logical, and physical design, each guided by stakeholder workshops and software testing. The data model includes the attributes of features necessary to create collection maps and perform collection analysis, and is designed to link to existing plant and animal records management systems (BG‐BASE and ZIMS) through a common key. The Public Garden Data Model consists of three modules (Base Map, Facilities and Infrastructure, and Basic Plant Records), unified into one comprehensive spatial data model for public gardens, and contains 59 feature classes and tables connected by 49 relationship classes.     

Spatial decision support applications based on three-dimensional city models

The basic mathematic models, such as the statistic model, the time-serial model, the spatial dynamic model etc.,and some typical analysis methods based on 3DCM are proposed and discussed. A few typical spatial decision making methods integrating the spatial analysis and the basic mathematical models are also introduced, e.g. visual impact assessment, dispersion of noise immissions, base station plan for wireless communication. In addition, a new idea of expectation of further applications and add-in-value service of 3DCM is promoted. As an example, the sunshine analysis is studied and some helpful conclusions are drawn.     

Spatial decision support applications based on three-dimensional city models

The basic mathematic models, such as the statistic model, the time-serial model, the spatial dynamic model etc., and some typical analysis methods based on 3DCM are proposed and discussed. A few typical spatial decision making methods integrating the spatial analysis and the basic mathematical models are also introduced, e.g. visual impact assessment, dispersion of noise immissions, base station plan for wireless communication. In addition, a new idea of expectation of further applications and add-in-value service of 3DCM is promoted. As an example, the sunshine analysis is studied and some helpful conclusions are drawn.     

水库移民GIS辅助决策支持系统的设计和实现

空间决策支持系统(Spatial Decision Support System SDSS)作为一个新兴科学技术领域,以地理信息系统(GIS)和决策支持系统(DSS)为基础,以解决生产实践问题为目标,目前已经被广泛应用于水利、交通、农业等行业。本文主要介绍应用SDSS数据和模型之间关系的思想设计和实现用于解决大型水库项目中涉及的移民安置处理问题的空间决策支持系统。系统中主要是以移民如何安置问题为基础来设计各种空间分析模型功能,其中与空间信息处理有关的几个模型主要有移民安置区选择,移民安置区环境容量分析,水库淹没损失赔偿以及移民安置区土地资源评价等问题。要解决这些生产实践问题需要对各种数据信息进行综合的宏观分析和深层次挖掘分析,结合专家知识设计可行的处理模型,并运用计算机技术和GIS技术加以实现。     

面向游客旅游决策支持系统的设计与实现——以西安翠华山国家地质公园为例

本文对GIS与SDSS的集成在旅游业的应用进行了研究,采用原型法和面向对象相结合的系统设计方法对面向游客决策支持系统部分功能进行了设计和实现,对Dijkstra最短路径选择算法进行改进,并应用于该系统的动态规划模型。该系统在体现以游客为主体及动态指导方面实现效果良好,可为游客进行景区游览提供动态决策支持和科学指导。展现了GIS和SDSS在旅游业应用的广阔前景。     

Water-poverty relationships in the coastal town of Mbour (Senegal): Relevance of GIS for decision support

Coastal area is always a zone with complex problems. Due to the attraction they exert, are facing many social problems. Therefore, a coastal city is usually a city with problems. Its extension, caused by the influx of people from different backgrounds, creates an increased demand for services. One of the problems frequently encountered, especially in Senegal, is access to water. The problem of access to water is poorly treated, without being correlated with the urban evolution, i.e. with increasing population and demand growth. The water resource is facing numerous complications such as the lack of integrated management, integration issues at the governance level, where the local factor is often forgotten.The town of Mbour, object of our study, does not come out of that lot, being an attractive coastal city, from an African country. This indicates the need for an integrated management oriented from local to a global basis and not vice versa. The study presented in this paper indicates that a large proportion of the population has not access to a verified drinking water system and uses water from wells or standpipes. Half of the surveyed population (50%) has no access to a water supply system. The water poverty map of the town overlaps with that of the general poverty excepting few neighborhoods. This means that even areas that are not affected by poverty have a very low or poor access to water, which so far remains the perverse effect of the reform of the Senegalese water sector in 1995.     

A GIS-based decision support system for analysis of route choice in congested urban road networks

Urban congestion patterns have become ubiquitous and complex. Traditional, “static” approaches are no longer adequate for analyzing network flows and conducting minimum cost routing. This paper reports on a GIS-based decision support tool for modeling dynamic network congestion and conducting minimum cost routing. The system predicts network flows at a detailed level of temporal resolution, capturing dynamic congestion propagation effects. A Route Planner module solves for the combined departure time and minimum cost routing required for a trip to reach its destination by a given deadline. The GIS provides effective decision support through its database management capabilities, graphical user interfaces and cartographic visualization. This supports analyses of “what-if?” scenarios for strategic planning and tactical management subject to unplanned network disturbances. Received: 1 October 1999/Accepted: 21 September 2000     

城市公共交通GIS查询系统设计与开发

针对城市道路建设和交通基础设施建设以及传统公交查询技术对公交数据管理存在数据冗余的问题,该文提出了基于动态分段技术和采用空间数据库引擎来组织和管理公交数据的方法。以兰州市城市公共交通为研究对象,并结合ArcGIS Engine组件库,设计并开发符合大众使用习惯的城市公共交通GIS查询系统。实验结果表明:该系统不仅可以规划合理的可视化出行路线来满足乘客需要,而且有效减少了公交数据的冗余度。     

基于GIS的ATM业务管理原型系统设计与实现

针对目前ATM自动柜员机(以下简称ATM)业务管理的不足,提出运用GIS技术和计算机技术,设计并实现了ATM业务管理原型系统,将ATM主要业务集中到统一平台上。阐述了该系统的开发环境、功能模块设计和关键技术。实际使用表明,该系统能提供了ATM布点选址的调查、筛选与评估决策,并对其运营与维护进行有效管理。