云南地下流体异常丛集及构造活动性研究

正汶川特大震发生前滇东北水富井水位测值出现了长时间、大幅度的趋势下降变化,长趋势的显著下降是前兆异常表现。该井水位长期异常变化在汶川地震前尤为突出,在强震、大震孕震阶段存在水位长期异常。具体分析方法是,在进行观测信号处理后,用异常形态、持续时间、观测点所处构造分析了该异常与汶川地震的关系,结果表明在强震和大震孕震阶段存在水位长期异常。2017年8月8日发生的九寨沟M_S7.0地震,是继汶川8.0级地震发生以来,在南北地震     

汶川8.0级地震前云南水富井水位长期异常初探

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级特大震发生前,云南昭通水富井水位测值出现长时间、大幅度趋势下降异常。在排除降雨影响后,通过异常形态、持续时间、观测点所处构造分析了该异常与汶川地震的关系,表明了在强震和大震孕震阶段存在水位长期异常。     

2021年玛多MS7.4和2022年门源MS6.9地震引起的山东井水位同震响应特征分析

2021年5月22日青海玛多M_S7.4地震和2022年1月8日青海门源M_S6.9地震引起栖霞鲁07井、枣庄鲁15井和菏泽鲁27井水位不同程度的同震响应。基于秒数据,对比分析3口井水位同震变化形态、幅度与分钟值记录的差异,并从含水层渗透性变化、地震能量密度等方面进行同震响应机理探讨。结果表明,井水位秒数据能够更加完整地记录水震波信息,更加精确展现水位同震变化形态、幅度;井水位对于远场大震的震荡形态主要受含水层水文地质条件的影响。在正常应力背景下,远场大震引起枣庄鲁15井水位同震响应的地震能量密度阈值大约是1.54×10^-4 J·m^-3。     

井孔水位记震能力变化与近大地震关系研究

通过对云南省及邻近地区7级大震,震前群井水位记震能力变化的研究及异常、预报指标检验,表明震前记震能力减弱或消失与近大地震有关。其异常特征表现为形态相似、时间同步、幅度明显等特点。井孔水位记震能力变化可能是地下水中期预报地震的一种新方法。     

川滇地区井水位潮汐响应特性分析

利用Baytap-G潮汐分析软件对川滇地区12口观测井数字化水位的长时序数据进行计算, 提取井水位潮汐响应特征参数(振幅比和相位差), 分析其形态、 阶段变化等特征, 探讨地震前后井水位潮汐响应特征参数的变化情况, 为深入分析井水位与固体潮、 气压之间响应关系的研究提供新的方法和途径。 结果表明, 泸沽湖井等10口受固体潮影响的井水位振幅比和相位差变化相对稳定; 而南溪井和大姚井受到气压-固体潮综合作用影响的井水位振幅比和相位差变化则比较离散。 其中江油川10井、 泸沽湖井、 东川井等3口井水位振幅比和相位差对大震的响应显著, 并给出了地震能量密度与这三口井水位M₂波相位差和振幅比的变化关系。     

天津地区咸水井映震能力评估

系统处理了1992年以来天津地区4口咸水井的水位观测资料,使用R值对这4口井的映震效能进行了评估。认为：①这4口井的R值不高,主要原因是咸水层观测井水位异常时间较长,致使预报占用时间较长;②咸水层观测井水位异常幅度比较明显,异常性质的规律性较强,出现异常时易于识别;③咸水层观测井水位有异常有地震的比率达到了70％以上,这对有震的判定非常有意义。     

邢台地震台数字化水位监测效能分析

对邢台地震台地下流体数字化水位观测资料的内在质量及年、月、日动态特征等进行分析.结果表明:所辖流体观测井水位资料连续、可靠,内在质量较高,4个测点均是较理想的井水位观测点,其中,衡水井、辛集井水位对远场大震的同震效应明显;宁晋井因受井孔条件所限,同震效应不明显.井水位年变均为趋势性下降变化,但下降幅度均大于5 m,不利...     

鲁14井数字化水位潮汐响应特性初析

以井—含水层系统潮汐理论为基础,利用Baytap-G潮汐分析程序计算鲁14井数字化水位的潮汐响应特征参数,提取井水位潮汐因子和相位差,分析远场大震前后井水位潮汐响应特征参数的变化情况,同时对固体潮和气压影响量进行分离,以期深入了解井水位微动态变化特征,为该井水位观测资料的动态评价和效能评估提供参考。结果表明：鲁14井潮汐地下水流类型以径向流为主,潮汐因子和相位差变化相对稳定,但受远场大震影响显著,其含水层渗透性随潮汐参数的增大（减小）而增大（减小）;地震波作用可使含水层渗透性发生变化,但并非导致含水层渗透性变化的主要因素。     

强震与井水位前驱波关系的分析

在山西静乐观测井水位原始记录图纸中,发现一些大震前的水位慢波动现象.一些学者认为这一现象可能反映大震前的震源破裂过程.统计静乐井1999年观测资料,一些大震前几小时至几天可记录到长周期异常,其周期多为十几至几十分钟,幅度为几至十几毫米,车用太等人把这种水位慢波动异常归属于前驱波.地震波引起水位振荡记录的44次.其中水震波前后无前驱波记录的有26次,占59.1%;水震波前有前驱波记录的有18次,占40.9%.由于井-含水层系统象一个长周期记录仪,它对地壳中应力应变的响应频率较广,可记录地震波中的瑞利波、潮汐波动、气压波动、风的波动等,要准确地判别前驱波是否反映大震的震源过程,就必须排除上述干扰因素.     

河北省数字水位短临异常特征研究——以2016年唐山4.2级地震为例

2016年9月10日河北唐山发生M_S 4.2地震,以该震为例,研究河北省地下流体观测井水位震前异常变化特征。结果表明：①震中区域观测井水位异常变化形态一般为缓变型,震中外围观测井水位异常变化形态一般为骤变型;②距离震中越近,观测井水位异常出现越早,异常持续时间越长;③临近地震震中时,观测井水位异常有从震中向外围扩散的趋势;④观测井水位异常最大幅度与井震距关系不大。     

Tidal Response Characteristics of the Well Water Level in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region

In this paper, the long time series data of the well water-level data of 12 wells in the Sichuan and Yunnan area is analyzed by the Baytap-G tidal analysis software, and well water level tidal response characteristic parameters (amplitude ratio and phase change) are extracted. We analyzed the features of the shape and stage change, and characteristic parameters of the tidal response of well water level before and after the earthquakes, which can provide a new method and approach to analyzing the response relationships between well water level and earth tide and barometric pressure. The results show that Luguhu Well and 9 other wells are affected by earth tides, and their well water level amplitude ratios and phases are relatively stable; the Nanxi Well and Dayao Well water level changes are affected by the barometric pressure combined with tide force, and their well water level amplitude ratios and phases are more discrete. The water level amplitude ratios and phases of Jiangyou Well, Luguhu Well and Dongchuan Well are significant to large earthquakes, and the relationship between seismic energy density and water level amplitude ratios and phases of M₂ wave of the three wells are presented.     

井水位长周期事件记录及其机理的讨论

选择了几口具有代表性的观测井, 并对这些井孔在强震前记录到长周期波现象的特征进行了分析。从理论上对地震前的长周期事件给出了较为合理的解释, 认为地震前一些敏感井水位长周期事件可能反映了断层蠕动、静地震与慢地震、断裂的预扩展和地震成核等。井— 含水层系统像一个长周期地震仪, 它为记录到有价值的前兆低频波提供了最佳的频率响应范围。     

Possible strain events reflected in water levels in wells along San Jacinto fault zone,southern California

Water levels have been monitored in wells along the San Jacinto fault zone since 1977. The three largest earthquakes to occur within 30 km of the segment of the San Jacinto fault zone being monitored with continuous recorders showed magnitudesM of 4.5, 4.8, and 5.5. Two wells in Borrego Valley, 31 to 32 km southeast of theM=5.5 earthquake on 25 February 1980, showed anomalous spikes recording a probable strain event 88 hours before the earthquake. Two other wells 12 km northwest of the epicenter showed no water-level anomalies. No water-level anomalies preceded theM=4.8 earthquake near Anza on 15 June 1982. Anomalous water-level fluctuations occurred in a well near Ocotillo Wells, 13 km northeast of theM=4.5 earthquake on 22 March 1982, 19 to 23 days prior to the earthquake. Similar fluctuations in other wells have not been followed by sizable earthquakes. A simultaneous drop in water level occurred in four wells on 8 September 1982; this possible strain event was not associated with a sizable earthquake. The presumed strain events occur only in wells that show earth tides and may have been the result of creep on strands of the San Jacinto fault zone. Although water-level anomalies have occurred in only one or two wells prior to two out of three moderate (M=4.5–5.5) earthquakes, the simultaneous drop in water level on 8 September 1982 and the spikes in two wells before theM=5.5 earthquake on 25 February 1980 suggest that wells responsive to earth tides may detect strain events.     

Recurrence anomaly of ground water behavior before strong earthquakes in North China

Introduction The behavior of ground water is influenced by many factors, such as rainfall, exploitation ofground water, atmospheric pressure, tidal gravitation, ground stress variation, effect of surfacewater-body loads (or other loads) and other unknown factors. These factors change the dynamicstate of ground water to different extents and result in the diversification of ground water behavior.As for their mechanism, our knowledge is still superficial. Based on various images of water le…     

Co-seismic Water Level and Temperature Responses of Some Wells to Far-Field Strong Earthquakes and Their Mechanisms

The observation of water temperature in deep wells has been carried out for more than 20 years in China.However,study on the mechanism of water temperature response to earthquakes is inadequate.During the study of the co-seismic response characteristics of water level and temperature in 121 wells within the China subsurface fluid monitoring network at the time of the December 26,2004,M-S8.7 Indonesia earthquake,we found regular response characteristics,that is,when the water level in a deep well oscillates,the water temperature in the same well will mostly experience a cycle from dropping to restoration at the same time.The process will continue for dozens of minutes to several hours.In order to confirm the observed phenomenon,we collected the digital water level and temperature observation data for 39 far-field strong earthquakes from the Tangshan well in Hebei Province(with the data set beginning in 2001).The same response characteristics were observed.Based on the analysis of the influencing factors that may cause the water temperature drop,the authors suggest the gas escape mechanism for co-seismic water temperature drop and posit two main factors that influence the water temperature drop during the process of gas escape.Finally,the authors provide a rational explanation of some observed phenomena based on the mechanism.     

新疆北天山地区井水位同震响应特征分析研究

通过整理新疆北天山地区的水位观测资料,分析了2011年后发生在北天山地区的4次近场6级地震所引起的水位同震响应特征。结果显示,井孔对于近场地震的同震响应主要表现为振荡—阶变复合型、阶变型,同一地震对于不同的井孔可能呈现出不同的响应特征,同一井孔对于不同的近场地震也可能具有不同映震效果,水位对近场地震的同震响应并无固定的响应特征,而是受到多重因素的控制作用,而震后效应的各不一致,则显示出不同地震对于各个井孔附近区域应力场调整的能力。     

Recurrence anomaly of ground water behavior before strong earthquakes in North China

By analyzing the relationship between ground water behavior and strong seismic activity during the past more than 20 years in North China, we have found similar water level descending variation of a part of wells in the short-term stage before several strong earthquakes. The characteristics of anomaly are: at the beginning, water level dropped abruptly or accelerated to drop; then it turned to slow rising with a smaller amplitude than that of descending; earthquakes occurred during the slow-rising process of water level, and at that time or before earthquake occurrence, water level rose with a large amplitude. Among more than 100 wells in North China, the descending anomalies were not recorded for many times, but similar variation processes of water level were noted at different wells before several strong earthquakes, which proves that seismic precursory anomalies of ground water are of certain recurrence features, occurring repeatedly before different strong earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the genesis of this type of anomaly and its relationship with strong seismic activity. Foundation item: Key project of Ministry of Science and Technology during the Tenth Five-year Plan (2001BA601B 01-01-01).     

井水位前驱波普遍性问题的探讨

Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects, this paper studies and discusses the gen...