官厅水库的遥感动态变化探测及边岸稳定性判别

利用TM卫星多时相数据，采用变化探测技术研究了官厅水库1988—2001年时间段库区边岸的动态变化。对库区淤积、边岸侵蚀等问题进行了探讨；结合水位差数据，提出边岸坡度和边岸稳定性的遥感时空分析方法和判据；分析了上述问题对官厅水库水资源利用的影响。边岸稳定性判别方法可应用于湖泊、海洋的滩涂地区。     

基于RS/GIS技术与数值计算的库岸边坡稳定性研究

利用相关的地质、地貌、岩土性质、土地利用类型等数据,在对水库库区景观进行可视化分析的基础上,将宏观上的滑坡危险区域识别与微观上的危险区域内边坡稳定数值模拟相结合,研究了库岸边坡稳定性问题,并对库区复杂条件下的岩质边坡稳定性评价进行了尝试性探索。     

基于多源传感器的FUI水色指数提取与应用

水体颜色的定量表征可为内陆湖库综合水质的评估提供重要的参考数据.以华北内陆大型湖库官厅水库为研究对象,结合2016—2020年季相尺度的Sentinel-2和Landsat 8 OLI反射率数据,利用FUI(Forel-Ule index)水色指数反演算法,定量分析了官厅水库FUI水色的空间尺度、年内及年际尺度的异质特...     

电视塔中心线垂直度及塔身扭转GPS监测方法

介绍了利用GPS静态观测事后处理分析的方法监测四川广播电视塔中心线的垂线度及塔身扭转的有关问题。内容包括基准网的建立与稳定性分析；塔心及塔轴线基准数据的确定；塔中心线的垂直度及塔身扭转的监测方法及数据处理。对实测数据的分析研究表明，采用GPS监测方法取得的结果是令人满意的。     

基于多时相国产高分数据的尾矿库环境变化监测

总结了矿山尾矿库的几何固有特性与遥感影像特征,通过利用多期国产高分遥感影像开展了川西地区某矿山尾矿库库区环境信息提取与变化监测,分析了库区潜在的危险。结果表明,国产高分数据可应用于矿山尾矿库库区环境变化监测信息数据获取,既扩展了国产高分数据的应用领域,也对提高矿山重要关注对象的环境监测能力具有重要的现实意义。     

长江三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测

长江三峡工程库区人类活动频繁,生态系统脆弱,三峡工程对库区生态环境的影响一直是人们关注的焦点。运用遥感、地理 信息系统、全球卫星定位系统、计算机网络技术,采用DEM 、影像正射校正、多源影像数据融合、多层次信息提取等技术方法,对整 个库区20世纪80年代中期、90年代末期生态环境、草地资源进行了全面的动态监测,并在此基础上利用ArcGIS软件开发完成了“长江 三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测GIS系统”。     

三峡库区近30年土地利用时空变化特征分析

利用三峡库区1975年、1987年、1995年、2000年和2005年的遥感影像数据,提取各期土地利用图。以各期土地利用图为基础图件,利用G IS技术,分析了三峡库区各期土地利用类型的数量、空间分布及变化趋势,分析表明库区的耕地、林地和草地都在减少,库区近30年建设用地和河流水面的增加最为明显。同时引入土地利用变化的景观特征指数、土地利用变化速度、土地利用程度指数来总结三峡库区近30年来土地利用变化的主要时空变化特征。采用多种特征指数相结合的研究方法,有利于了解三峡库区土地利用变化的特征,可以进一步指导库区的土地利用规划,为库区的生态环境保护提供参考。     

长江三峡库区水文观测吴淞高程系统的确定

利用三峡库区平水区对似大地水准面高度"贴合"的特点,探索性地建立了库区水文基本点吴淞高程系统与1985国家高程基准的转换关系;基于大量水位观测数据,采用线性拟合的方法,对吴淞高程系统归化进行了探求与分析,并对库区上游平水区水文基本点吴淞高程数据进行精化,得到了一些有益的结论。     

欧洲LEP离子对撞机的稳定性分析

介绍加速器的整体稳定性分析的过程和方法，就是利用每年一度的加速器的水准测量所得的垂直偏差来分析加速器和隧道的稳定性，整个分析过程分为四个阶段：1）数据的筛选和恢复；2）建立一种不受数据处理基准和其它不确定因素影响的且能精确反映。加速器变形的技术；3）建立一种能区分加速器变形和隧道变形的技术；4）对其变形进行分析和描述。     

多波束与单波束测深数据的融合处理技术

本文在全面分析和总结多波束海洋测深主要误差源的基础上，提出通过相邻条带测深数据融合处理进行多波束测深系统偏差补偿方法；并提出以单波束测深数据作为控制，进一步提高多波束测深整体测量精度的数据处理方案；详细讨论了数据融合处理中的数值解算可行性和稳定性问题，相应提出了两步平差方法。本文最后使用我国自行研制的条带测深系统实测数据验证了上述方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Remote Detection of Shoreline Changes in Eastern Bank of Laizhou Bay,North China

Sandy beaches of the eastern coast zone in Eastern Laizhou Bay represent the most popular tourist, recreational destinations and constitute some of the most valuable restates in China. This paper presents the detection of shoreline changes in Laizhou Bay East Bank using an automatic histogram thresholding algorithm on the basis of multi-temporal Landsat images. Shoreline change rates (SCR) and shoreline change areas (SCA) were retrieved using the statistical approach and zonal change detection method, respectively. Results showed that during 1979–2010 a large portion (over 59.8 %) of shoreline are dominated by a retreating process with an average rate of ?2.01 m/year, while other parts of shoreline exhibited a seaward advancing trend due to intense land reclamation activities. It is our anticipation that the result of this work would support sandy beaches protection and management in China coast.     

Shoreline Change Analysis along the Coast of South Gujarat,India, Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System

Shoreline changes along the south Gujarat coast has been analyzed by using USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. Multi-temporal satellite images pertaining to 1972, 1990, 2001 and 2011 were used to extract the shoreline. The High water line (HTL) is considered as shoreline and visual interpretation of satellite imageries has been carried out to demarcate the HTL based on various geomorphology and land use & land cover features. The present study used the Linear Regression Method (LRR) to calculate shoreline change rate. Based on the rate of shoreline changes, the coastal stretches of study area has been classified in to high erosion, low erosion, stable, low accretion and high accretion coast. The study found that about 69.31 % of the South Gujarat coast is eroding, about 18.40 % of coast is stable and remaining 12.28 % of the coast is accreting in nature. Field investigation was carried out which confirmed the coastal erosion/accretion derived from the analysis. The high erosion area are mostly found along the Umergaon (near Fansa, Maroli, Nargol, Varili river mouth, Umergaon light house) and Pardi (Kolak, Udwara)Taluka in Valsad district. Stable coastal length of the study area is 21.59 km and mostly found in Nani Dandi and near Onjal. High accretion (3.70 %) was only found near Hajira and low accretion (8.58 %) are distributed the study area. The main causes of coastal erosion of the study area were the strong tidal currents accompanied by wave action and reduced the sediment load of the river.     

北京环线建设驱动的土地利用变化遥感检测与分析

近年来,北京市的环线建设大大改进了北京的交通状况,促进了环线周边的商业发展和房地产开发的繁荣,同时也带来了环线周边地区的土地利用的变更。在“科技奥运”科技攻关项目和在研自然科学基金项目的支撑下,选择了1988,1994,2001和2003年5—6月份的TM数据,在影像经过几何校正和辐射归一化校正后对其应用高精度的自组织神经网络分类和利用高分辨率的航空照片验证;在分类数据和变更信息的基础上,采用了空间自相关分析模型、频率指数模型和潜力模型分别对北京各种用地类型的频率指数和建设用地的Moran系数和Geary系数,以及城市增长的潜力指她进行计算。一系列计算显示了环线驱动的北京市土地利用变化情况。结果表明:在环线建设的驱动下,北京市的建设用地围绕环线呈快速增长趋势;绿地面积在四环、五环的环线一带也呈增加趋势;城市增长潜力从四环到六环呈逐渐增大趋势。     

Land use indicators of a watershed in arid region, western Rajasthan using Remote Sensing and GIS

The vegetation dynamics and land use/land cover types of Birantiya Kalan watershed located in the arid tracts of western Rajasthan have been characterized and evaluated using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The watershed under study falls in the transitional plain of Luni Basin and is characterized by Aravali ranges in the eastern half and vast alluvial plains in the west. The land use/land cover types, as identified are cropland, fallow, forest, land with scrub, land without scrub, sandy area and the water body. Land with scrub occupied maximum area (39% area of the watershed) in 1996 in place of crop land which was dominant (43% of total area) in the year 1988. During eight years period, seasonal fallow land increased significantly and the areal extent of water body decreased to almost half. Vegetation vigour types have been classified into very poor, poor. moderate, good and very good categories. Moderate vigour type reduced from 62 to 27% and poor type increased from 34 to 68% during the period 1988 to 1996. Other vegetation vigour types have not shown any significant changes. To quantify the changes over the years in both vegetation and land use/land cover, weightages have been given to each type and composite values of both vegetation vigour and land use types for 1996 and 1988 have been calculated. It has been observed that the ratio for vegetation vigour has been found to be 0.85 showing that the overall vegetation have not improved after the treatment. The ratio for land use is found to be 1.01, which indicates negligible change in land use.     

A shoreline change analysis along the coast between Kanyakumari and Tuticorin,India, using digital shoreline analysis system

The shoreline is one of the rapidly changing landforms in coastal areas.They are the key element in coastal GIS and provide the most information on coastal land form dynamics.Therefore,accurate detection and frequent monitoring of shorelines is very essential to understand the coastal processes and dynamics of various coastal features.The present study is to investigate the shoreline changes along the coast between Kanyakumari and Tuticorin of south India(where hydrodynamic and morphologic changes occur continuously after the December 2004 tsunami)by using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS),an extension of ArcGIS.Multidate IRS and Landsat Satellite data(1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,and 2009)are used to extract the shorelines.The data is processed by using the ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 software and analyzed by ArcGIS 9.2 workstation.The rates of shoreline changes are estimated by three statistical methods,namely,End Point Rate(EPR),Linear Regression Rate(LRR),and Least Me-dian of Squares(LMS)by using DSAS.The study reveals that most of the study area has undergoing erosion.Both natural and an-thropogenic processes along the coast modify the shoreline configuration and control the erosion and accretion of the coastal zones.The coastal zones along the estuary have experienced accretion due to the littoral processes.The zones with headlands have more eroded than other zones along the study area.The study also shows that the coastal zones where sand is mined have relatively more rate of erosion than that of the other zones.Improper and unsustainable sand mining may also lead to severe erosion problem along this area.The shoreline change rates are altered by various geological processes along the coast.Thus,the present study implies that proper beach filling and nourishment projects should be made in the study area to save from hazards.It also indicates the advantage and suitability of DSAS to assess the shoreline changes compared with the traditional manual shoreline change analysis and prom-ising its applications for coastal zone management in other regions.     

热带森林植被的动态变化遥感监测

本文讨论了以热带森林植被为主体的再生资源的面积动态变化监测。研究中包括两个部分。首先,我们利用多时相遥感图像对大面积的西双版纳州进行地类判读,系统地分析了森林植被的动态变化。其次,利用Landsat MSS和TM数据对自然保护区的动态变化进行了包含无监督分类和归一化差值植被指数分析的数字图像处理,变化分类也相当符合实际。总的实验结果表明,这种监测方法是很有效的,可在再生资源监测中特别是在森林植被监测中加以推广应用。     

基于二进小波变换的SAR图像湖岸线提取

本文阐述了一种基于二进小波变换的从SAR图像中提取湖岸线的方法。该方法首先利用边缘和噪声的奇异性在二进小波变换中随尺度变化具有不同的传播规律来检测边缘点，然后利用基于梯度矢量流的主动轮廓模型进行边缘点的连接，实验结果证明，这种方法可以有效的消除SAR图像中存在的斑点噪声对边缘提取的影响，准确的提取湖岸线。     

Shoreline Changes in Tharangampadi Village,Nagapattinam District,Tamil Nadu,India—A Case Study

Coastal zone is very dynamic, being the meeting place of land and sea water. The development in coastal area and subsequent population growth have given rise to problems such as erosion, sedimentation, saltwater intrusion, degradation of natural resources, etc. Satellite data has proved to be more appropriate for change detections quantifying and monitoring coastal zones compared to conventional sources. An attempt is being made to elucidate the effect of shoreline changes with reference to the spatial and field data observed along the Tharangampadi area. The base map was prepared on 1:50,000 scale for delineation and identification of shoreline changes. The spatial variability of shoreline changes are studied using IRS 1B LISS-II 1991, IRS 1C LISS-III 2004 and IRS P6 LISS-IV and IRS 1D PAN merge data 2006. The corresponding Survey of India toposheets of 1852, 1972 and survey and land record village map of 1918 also supplemented for this study. The kind and extent of shoreline changes were investigated by using GPS during ground truth verification. The results are analyzed and presented in this paper. The study results revealed that 180 m receding of the shoreline occurred in the past 155 years.     

Measuring Historical Coastal Change using GIS and the Change Polygon Approach

This study compares two automated approaches, the transect‐from‐baseline technique and a new change polygon method, for quantifying historical coastal change over time. The study shows that the transect‐from‐baseline technique is complicated by choice of a proper baseline as well as generating transects that intersect with each other rather than with the nearest shoreline. The change polygon method captures the full spatial difference between the positions of the two shorelines and average coastal change is the defined as the ratio of the net area divided by the shoreline length. Although then change polygon method is sensitive to the definition and measurement of shoreline length, the results are more invariant to parameter changes than the transect‐from‐baseline method, suggesting that the change polygon technique may be a more robust coastal change method.