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1.
新疆北部持续性暴雪过程成因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《高原气象》2016,(2)
利用1964-2010年新疆天山及其以北地区(新疆北部)45个气象观测站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日2.5°×2.5°经纬网格客观分析资料,提出了新疆北部持续性暴雪过程客观定义,根据定义1964 2010年共出现36次持续性暴雪过程,按暴雪落区可分为四类暴雪型:北疆型25次、北疆西部北部型9次、北疆沿天山型1次、北疆西部型1次。重点分析了北疆型和北疆西部北部型暴雪过程的大尺度环流背景、关键环流系统配置和水汽输送异常特征。结果表明:(1)北疆型暴雪环流分为经向I型、II型和纬向型,经向I型又可分为极涡偶极与中高纬3波配置型和极涡偶极与中高纬2波配置型;经向II型可分为极涡偶极型与中高纬2波配置和极涡单极型与中高纬2波配置;纬向型则表现为高纬极锋锋区波动和中低纬副热带锋区波动汇合于新疆地区引发暴雪。(2)北疆西部北部型暴雪环流分经向型和纬向型,经向型有极涡偶极与中高纬3波配置、极涡单极与中高纬3波配置,纬向型环流表现为乌拉尔山槽和里咸海槽汇合于新疆地区引发暴雪;(3)上述环流型新疆上空均存在300 hPa极锋急流、500 hPa强西风锋区和700 hPa低空西风急流配置,暴雪区处于极锋急流入口右侧辐散区和低空急流出口右侧辐合区的高低空配置。(4)造成新疆持续性暴雪的水汽源地有高纬北大西洋、巴伦支海,中纬地中海、里咸海,低纬红海,环流配置不同水汽输送路径有所差异,但主要以中低纬水汽输送为主。 相似文献
2.
利用地面观测、高空探测常规资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析以及FY-2G红外云图资料,综合分析了2016年11月10—13日北疆北部的暖区暴雪过程成因,结果表明,此次暴雪天气是在“单阻型”经向环流和有利的高低空天气系统配置下发生的,主要表现为500 hPa东欧阻塞高压脊稳定,西西伯利亚低涡和冷槽东南下至北疆境外的中亚地区,200~500 hPa低涡和冷槽系统深厚且呈前倾结构,低涡底部极锋锋区加强并压至北疆上空,700~850 hPa北疆北部有暖平流和暖脊发展,地面气压场呈“两高夹一低”形势,北疆在地面冷锋前部和暖锋后部的暖区内。中高层西北急流、低层偏西气流和偏东气流三支气流在暴雪区上空汇合,暴雪区位于高空低涡底部西北急流、低层暖平流和切变线、地面暖低压南部的高低空重叠区域内。500 hPa以下仅有一条西方水汽输送路径,最强水汽输送在600~700 hPa,最强水汽辐合位于850 hPa附近,最大暴雪中心(裕民)的水汽输送强度更强、厚度更厚、时间更长,其平均云顶黑体亮温TBB值较富蕴偏高10℃左右。 相似文献
3.
一次中亚低涡造成的新疆暴雪天气过程分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用实况观测资料、EC/T639数值模式预报资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年2月一次由中亚低涡造成的冬季新疆西部地区典型暴雪天气过程的环流特征和物理量场进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气过程属欧洲脊发展、中亚低涡东移造成的新疆西部及天山北坡的降雪过程。200 hPa西南急流使高层辐散,起到"抽气机"作用;500 hPa偏南气流与700 hPa东风急流为暴雪提供了水汽和热量的输送,同时加强了抬升运动;高层辐散、低层辐合以及较强的上升运动是暴雪发生的动力条件,上升运动的强盛发展阶段对应降雪强度最大时段;水汽的垂直输送导致局地比湿显著增大,深厚的湿层和强烈的水汽辐合为暴雪提供了充沛的水汽条件;云图上"干侵入"出现的时间与位置可以大致判断强降雪出现的时间和位置。 相似文献
4.
2015年12月10-12日新疆大面积暴雪是欧洲脊发展衰退、乌拉尔低槽东移南下环流形势下的极端强天气过程,环流形势、高低空系统配置与新疆强降水研究成果[1-3]吻合,高低空三支急流是大尺度上升运动维持和水汽输送、辐合的重要系统。暴雪过程中存在3条水汽输送路径,水汽长时间向暴雪区输送且输送厚度较厚,水汽辐合从低层发展、东移时层次抬升强度增强,水汽输送和辐合主要出现在低层700-850hPa,当水汽输送层和辐合层降低、强度减弱后最强降水开始。天山地形强迫抬升作用明显,低层水汽在天山北坡聚集抬升,低层冷垫有利于中层西南暖湿气流向北输送。环流经向度大和槽前偏南风强、天山地形的强迫抬升和上升运动维持以及水汽持续输送和3条中尺度云带的持续影响是此次新疆极端暴雪形成的重要机制。 相似文献
5.
《高原气象》2018,(6)
利用2000-2016年常规观测、台站降水资料和NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料,对影响东北的北上温带气旋暴雪进行了统计研究。根据500 hPa环流形势分为低涡型、浅槽型和深槽型暴雪,并对这三种类型暴雪的气旋路径、强度变化、降水分布、水汽输送和热动力特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:低涡型和深槽型暴雪气旋路径为东北路,浅槽型暴雪气旋路径偏东,各类暴雪的气旋强度变化和降水分布因路径不同而有所差异;降雪最强时,低涡型和深槽型暴雪700和850 hPa都有低涡,浅槽型暴雪700 hPa为低槽。低涡型和深槽型暴雪中水汽通量散度辐合区与低层低涡气旋性闭合环流引起的辐合密切相关。浅槽型暴雪的水汽辐合源于槽前辐合;低涡型和深槽型暴雪发生在假相当位温暖舌中,浅槽型暴雪发生在较平直的假相当位温场中,深槽型和浅槽型暴雪的锋区要强于低涡型暴雪。降雪最强时,低涡型暴雪有1支高空急流,深槽型暴雪有2支高空急流,浅槽型暴雪高空急流有1支或2支。三类暴雪中心都位于北支高空急流入口区右侧或南支高空急流出口区左侧的位置。综合统计结果提出影响东北的北上温带气旋暴雪概念模型。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP再分析资料,分析了伊犁河谷2000—2020年10月—次年4月发生的23次暴雪过程大尺度环流背景,运用HYSPLIT模式(拉格朗日)方法模拟追踪水汽后向轨迹,定量确定了不同源地水汽输送路径及其贡献。结果表明,伊犁河谷暴雪区位于高空西南急流轴右侧、槽前西南强锋区、低空西南急流出口区前部辐合区、水汽通量散度辐合及地面冷锋附近的重叠区域。HYSPLIT模式分析表明,暴雪过程水汽主要来自地中海和黑海附近、西南亚、中亚、大西洋及其沿岸;水汽自源地出发经关键区,分别从西南(偏西)、西北(偏北)路径输入暴雪区;各路径、各源地对暴雪的贡献不同层存在较大的差异,来自中亚、西南亚的水汽主要输送至700 hPa以下,地中海和黑海附近、大西洋及其沿岸、加拿大等地的水汽主要输送至700 hPa及以上;源自加拿大的水汽是湿地蒸发的结果,且与北美洲北部冬半年为极涡频发区有关。基于上述特征,建立了伊犁河谷暴雪过程水汽输送的三维结构模型。 相似文献
7.
2018年3月17-18日乌鲁木齐达坂城谷地出现一次极端暴雪天气过程,降雪量达28.7 mm,为冬半年历年平均降水量的4.35倍,实属罕见。本文利用区域自动气象站小时监测资料、常规与加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY-2G卫星相当黑体亮温(TBB)资料,分析此次极端暴雪天气过程。结果表明: 此次极端暴雪发生在3月中旬的初春时节,以500 hPa低涡、700 hPa西南低空急流、切变线及气旋性辐合中心、850 hPa偏北气流作为环流背景的低涡型暴雪;水汽来源主要是地中海、红海的水汽沿着偏西气流经波斯湾-阿拉伯海加强后,随低涡前西南气流输送至暴雪区,另一支通过北大西洋沿西南路径输送至中天山北坡中段,同时有由低涡前偏西气流接力输送的里、咸海水汽补充。2~4 km水汽密度较高,2 km水汽密度最大值为8 g/m3以上;850~700 hPa乌鲁木齐附近为强上升运动区,西北急流受天山阻挡强迫爬升,对中尺度垂直上升支起加强作用,为此次暴雪提供持续的动力支持;乌鲁木齐城区至达坂城一线受斜压不稳定增长,利于暴雪的持续与增强;中尺度云团是造成暴雪最直接的影响系统,强降雪区均位于中尺度云团的北至东北侧TBB等值线梯度最大区。 相似文献
8.
利用FNL1°×1°6 h再分析资料及常规资料,对比分析了2010年1月4-8日(简称“过程Ⅰ”)和12月2-6日(简称“过程Ⅱ”)北疆2次罕见暖区暴雪过程机理。结果表明,暴雪区上空θse锋区陡立和条件对称不稳定及垂直环流圈是形成两次暴雪过程的主要动力机制,水汽在西边界为整层输入,对流层低层为水汽强辐合区,暴雪区均具有暖湿结构。不同点:(1)过程Ⅰ的影响系统为低涡型,过程Ⅱ则为短波槽型;过程Ⅰ暴雪持续时间长,过程Ⅱ持续时间短;两个过程的高低空配置不同。(2)大西洋水汽在向东输送过程中,过程Ⅰ有波斯湾及阿拉伯海水汽的补充。(3)条件对称不稳定区形成的时间及中心有所差异,过程Ⅰ形成于暴雪前6 h,中心位于750 hPa,过程Ⅱ形成于暴雪前12 h,中心位于800 hPa及边界层;过程Ⅱθse锋区陡立结构比过程Ⅰ维持的时间长、强度强。 相似文献
9.
利用常规气象观测、FY-4A卫星及ERA5再分析数据,对比分析2021年2月25—27日(过程I)和4月1—4日(过程II)西天山南麓阿克苏地区拜城县2次暴雪过程成因。结果表明有差异也有共性,共性为均在中亚低值系统影响下发生,300 hPa偏西急流、500 hPa低涡(低槽)、850 hPa偏东急流、地面冷高压冷锋及暴雪区上空垂直环流的发展是形成暴雪的主要动力机制;均有偏西和西南路径的水汽输送,水汽强辐合出现在700 hPa;降雪期间TBB极值、<-30 ℃的维持时间及>-5 ℃对降雪量级、持续时间及降水相态预报有很好的指示意义。不同点主要表现在:(1)过程I为中亚低槽快速东移型,偏东急流仅在850 hPa,急流强度较弱且位置偏南,过程II为中亚低涡缓慢东移型,700 hPa、850 hPa有明显偏东急流且持续时间长,位置西伸至西天山南麓阿克苏地区;(2)与过程I相比,过程II上升运动中心更接近暴雪中心,且强度强、伸展高、持续时间长,冷暖交汇更剧烈,暖平流导致降水相态发生变化,偏东水汽输送明显且辐合强度更强、辐合持续时间更长。 相似文献
10.
利用自动站小时监测资料、常规与加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°)、FY-2G卫星相当黑体亮温(TBB)资料,分析2017年2月19日至20日天山两麓的极端暴雪天气过程。结果表明: (1)此次过程发生在500 hPa南欧脊衰退、乌拉尔低槽与中亚偏南低槽先结合、后分段东移进入的环流背景下,天山北麓暴雪高低空系统呈典型后倾结构,天山南麓暴雪形势为典型“东西夹攻”型。(2)影响天山北麓暴雪的低空西北急流和影响天山南麓暴雪的低空偏东急流均为冷湿气流,西北急流风速的增大比雪强的增强提早12h左右,偏东急流比降雪提前6h出现。(3)主要水汽通道在850~400 hPa,水汽通量进入新疆后,850~700 hPa偏西水汽输送强于600~400 hPa西南水汽输送,水汽辐合主要在850~700 hPa。(4)乌鲁木齐降雪前位势不稳定性加强,沙雅降雪前有明显对流不稳定,两暴雪中心均有地形强迫强化产生并维持的中尺度垂直上升支和次级环流圈,而沙雅系统性动力作用小于乌鲁木齐的。(6)中尺度云团是造成天山两麓暴雪产生的最直接的影响系统。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings
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正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献