A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

1　Introduction　Proteinisanimportantnutritionalingredientofaquaticfeed .Thehighproteinneedsoffish ,shrimpandmostotheraquaticanimalsissuppliedmainlybyfishmeal (WilliamsandBarlow ,1996 ) .Recently ,thefishmeal,asamainproteinsourceofaquaticfeedisshort suppliedintheinternationalmarketanditspriceisbecominghigherandhigher .Therefore ,itisnecessarytofindsubstitutesoffishmealasaproteinsourceofaquaticfeed .　Someotheranimalby productmealssuchasmeatandbonemeal (MBM )andpoultryby productmeal(PBM )ha…     

Change of Digestive Physiology in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka) Induced by Corn Kernels Meal and Soybean Meal in Diets

The present study was conducted to determine the change of digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka) induced by corn kernels meal and soybean meal in diets. Four experimental diets were tested, in which Sargassum thunbergii was proportionally replaced by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal. The growth performance, body composition and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in A. japonicus fed these 4 diets were examined. Results showed that the sea cucumber exhibited the maximum growth rate when 20% of S. thunbergii in the diet was replaced by corn kernels meal and soybean meal, while 40% of S. thunbergii in the diet can be replaced by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal without adversely affecting growth performance of A. japonicus. The activities of intestinal trypsin and amylase in A. japonicus can be significantly altered by corn kernels meal and soybean meal in diets. Trypsin activity in the intestine of A. japonicus significantly increased in the treatment groups compared to the control, suggesting that the supplement of corn kernels meal and soybean meal in the diets might increase the intestinal trypsin activity of A. japonicus. However, amylase activity in the intestine of A. japonicus remarkably decreased with the increasing replacement level of S. thunbergii by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal, suggesting that supplement of corn kernels meal and soybean meal in the diets might decrease the intestinal amylase activity of A. japonicus.     

3种蛋白源替代鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血液指标的影响

以全鱼粉饲料为对照(D1组),用豆粕替代10%、20%的鱼粉(D2、D3组),玉米蛋白粉替代10%的鱼粉(D4组),啤酒酵母替代10%的鱼粉(D5组),配制5组等氮等能饲料,研究不同蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)幼鱼血液生理生化指标的影响.结果发现:投喂56 d后,D5组终末体质量显著小于D1组和D2组(p<0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(p>0.05);D1组和D2组实验鱼体质量与D5组差异显著(p<0.05).D3组血红蛋白浓度、血栓细胞密度和平均血栓细胞体积显著低于D1组(p<0.05), D4组实验鱼嗜中性粒细胞密度和巨大不成熟细胞比例显著高于D1组(p<0.05).D3组实验鱼总蛋白含量显著低于D1、D4组(p<0.05),D3组球蛋白含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05),D3组白球蛋白比显著高于其他各组(p<0.05);D3组的血糖含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05),D2、D3、D5组的甘油三酯含量显著低于D1、D4组(p<0.05);D5组肌酐含量显著低于D1组(p<0.05).以上结果表明,酵母蛋白替代饲料中10%的鱼粉对实验鱼的生长和生理状态均产生不良影响,不适于作为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料的鱼粉替代物;玉米蛋白粉和豆粕蛋白可以作为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉的替代物,但替代比例玉米蛋白粉不宜超过10%,而豆粕蛋白的替代比例应小于20%.     

大豆酶解蛋白对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究大豆酶解蛋白对幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基础饲料添加质量分数0(对照)、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%大豆酶解蛋白,配制8种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾56 d。【结果】1.5%组的增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于2.0%—4.0%添加组(P0.05);1.0%和1.5%组全虾粗蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),对照、1.0%和1.5%组蛋白质沉积率高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高肌肉磷含量(P0.05),3.0%组最大;1.0%、1.5%和2.0%组血清胆固醇含量低于对照组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中溶菌酶活性(P0.05),添加1.0%~3.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中酚氧化物酶活性(P0.05),2.5%和3.0%组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性与1.0%和1.5%组血清中酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),2.5%组最大;哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7 d后,1.0%组累积死亡率最低。饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白未提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,添加剂量高于3.5%可导致生长性能下降,添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。【结论】饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白不能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,高于3.5%添加组的生长性能下降;添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。     

3种蛋白替代鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼生长、体成分及能量收支的影响

以全鱼粉饲料做对照(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,进行56 d的养殖实验,研究3种替代蛋白源对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼(23.18±1.58g)生长性能、体成分及能量收支的影响。结果表明,实验条件下5组实验鱼的末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、肝体系数、脏体系数、肥满度和蛋白表观消化率差异不显著(p值>0.05)。饲料转化效率、蛋白质效率、干物质和能量表观消化率差异显著(p值<0.05),D2组最好而D5组最差。5组实验鱼全鱼和肌肉成分中粗蛋白含量无显著差异,全鱼水分含量也无显著差异(p值>0.05),其他指标则有显著差异(p值<0.05)。5组实验鱼的排泄能及呼吸能无显著差异(p值>0.05),摄食能、生长能和排粪能有显著差异(p值<0.05),D1、D2和D3组能量分配较好,而D4和D5组较差。与全鱼粉饲料相比,豆粕替代10%鱼粉显著提高了幼鱼的饲料转化效率和蛋白质效率,而豆粕替代20%鱼粉亦未对幼鱼产生不良影响,豆粕为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉蛋白较好的替代品。     

无单放货的表现形式及责任

无单放货频频发生 ,导致对承运人提出的索赔案件不断发生。文章拟从无单放货的表现形式入手 ,分析每一种形式中无单放货人的法律责任     

浅析湖南省第二次土地调查省级挂图编制方法

湖南省第二次土地调查工作先后历时3年,积累的数据成果能为相应专题地图编制提供数据基础。采用人工综合与计算机自动提取土地利用图斑,多种计算机自动综合相结合缩编基本农田要素,GIS空间分析方法进行耕地图斑坡度分级等关键技术,在多种专业制图软件相互配合下,将大比例尺的湖南省土地利用数据、基本农田数据、耕地坡度数据编绘成1∶80万湖南省土地利用现状图、湖南省基本农田分布图和湖南省耕地坡度分级图,能宏观、直观展示湖南省土地利用情况、基本农田分布情况和耕地坡度分级情况,更好为国土部门土地利用规划、基本农田保护与耕地潜力评价提供决策依据。     

应用AOP实现中间件的动态Reflection

结合AOP和元架构技术给出了一种对象动态自适应的解决方案，该方案基于分离关注原理并分两阶段。首先，确保系统需要动态自适应关注点被清晰的分离；然后使各自分离的关注点能够动态自适应。最后，给出了一个原型系统的初级框架。     

地理信息系统在物联网发展中的机遇

温家宝总理于2009年11月3日在人民大会堂向首都科技界发表了题为<让科技引领中国可持续发展>的讲话.温家宝总理指出:"使中华民族跻身于世界民族之林,必须依靠科学技术.历史告诉我们,科学技术决定民族兴衰和国家命运.信息网络产业是世界经济复苏的重要驱动力.全球互联网正在向下一代升级,传感网和物联网方兴未艾.     

THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY OF WATER BY NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF SIMPLE LIQUID

The liquid state, especially water, has long been regarded as the most formidable problem in the field of statistical mechanics. The coefficient of viscosity of water is calculated using a simplified model based on the microstructure of water and methods similar to that used by Rice et al. (1961) who studied the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of simple liquids, such as liquid argon. derived From the Liouville equation. This work's singlet and doublet equations are somewhat different From those derived by Rice et al. (1961) and solutions were obtained by the perturbation method. The calculated coefficient of viscosity of water at different temperature. using this method agree well with standard values.     

湖北省气象局网络安全系统设计

通过介绍湖北省气象局网络安全需求，分析了现有网络系统存在的安全弱点，利用目前主要的网络安全防御技术，设计了一个整体的网络安全系统，为湖北省气象局网络安全系统的后续建设和实施提供了具体的思路。     

中国省级行政区边界形状的GIS分析

本文借助GIS软件支持,计算了我国32个省的平面轮廓形状的分维、形状指数和紧凑度。结果表明,形状复杂(边缘复杂程度高,破碎度较大)的省(区)主要集中在东部及沿海地区;形状较紧凑的省(区)主要集中在西部地区,东部省与西部省的形状特征有较大差异。另探讨了各地区的地理气候环境和历史人文特征所致的主要原因,并初步分析了各特征对交通等组织的影响。     

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE BUILT-UP AREA OF DALIAN CITY

With the astounding development and gradual improvement of remote sensing technology, as an advancedscience technology, it is used to provide multi-temporal, large scope real-time information for land-use dynamic change,and also is one of the best efficient methods for studying the earth resources and environment. Remote sensing image hasits characteristics of ample information and reflecting the objective realities. The paper uses multi-temporal TM images in1986, 1996 and 2000, and relevant statistic data to analyze land-use changes of Dalian City in Liaoning Province of Chi-na over ten years by means of the correlation analysis method. The results have shown that two methods could con-formably reflect the present land-use change. Urbanization is closely correlative to natural factors and economic develop-ment. Especially in recent 20 years, under the influence of the reform and open-up policy, Dalian, as a specific coastcity, is becoming an international metropolis.     

关于广元生态经济可持续发展的思考

对广元市经济发展和生态环境保护所面临的问题进行反思，从可持续发展的角度，提出了广元市经济发展的新模式－生态经济，对广元市实现经济与环境的双赢和跨越式发展提供有益的建议。     

断层相互作用的模拟研究

以库仑破裂应力变化计算为基础,研究断层的相互作用。从震源断层和投影断层两个角度出发,研究5种地震断层模型分别描述地震断层和投影断层时库仑破裂应力变化的分布特征,分析震源断层以及投影断层的不同滑动机制对库仑破裂应力变化分布的影响。分析发现,断层的相互作用与断层的滑动机制关系密切;走滑断层还与其左右旋有一定关系;除斜滑断层外,其他断层之间的相互作用呈现一定的对称关系。     

红鳍笛鲷弧菌病病原的研究

从广东湛江特呈岛鱼排取患病红鳍笛鲷进行病原分离、纯化,得到一株病原菌Ls 1。该菌 为革兰阴性短杆菌,有运动性,菌落半透明,最适温度28～30℃,需盐生长,氧化酶反应阳性,发酵 葡萄糖不产气,不发酵肌醇,对弧菌抑制剂O/129敏感。经API ID32E细菌鉴定系统及弧菌科细 菌生化鉴定管鉴定,该菌为一株溶藻弧菌(Vibrioaginolyticus);其对红鳍笛鲷的半数致死量为6.32 ×105mL-1。药敏试验结果表明,该菌对阿莫西林、先锋V不敏感,对新生霉素、卡那霉素、多粘菌 素B、四环素中度敏感,而对庆大霉素、氟哌酸、氯霉素、红霉素、链霉素和复方新诺明等有较高的敏 感性。     

气象雷达图象实时压缩软件设计

先采用统计方法寻找最佳游程长度，再用HAFFMAN编码方法将雷达图象代码与游程长度代码一起偏码输出，提高了雷达图象的压缩率，达到了实时高效的压缩效果。     

Analysis of the landsat remote sensing images of the types of habitats of Yangtze alligators

The Chinese “Yangtze” alligator is a rare reptile that has been listed as an “endangered species” by the United Nations, so its preservation has become an urgent task. A study of its habitats through analysis of their Landsat images will provide a scientific basis for the government departments concerned to select the best locations for its breeding. The Chinese alligator is a subtropical reptile of freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. Found only in China, it is now distributed only in the border region between the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. On the basis of previous investigations by Chinese scientists, and from an analysis and interpretation of their Landsat images, we made a special study, review, and classification of the natural environment of the alligator’s present habitats (and the modern changes in the natural background of these hatitats) so that the government departments concerned with the preservation of the reptiles may have a scientific basis for determining the best locations for the breeding and propagation of the alligator. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Linn. Sin. 16(1): 35–41, 1985.     

九孔鲍外套膜表皮细胞的超微结构

利用透射电镜观察九孔鲍（Haliotidaediversicoloraquatilis）的外套膜表皮细胞,结果表明细胞可分为4大类,即普通柱状表皮细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和感觉细胞。它们在不同区域的分布、形态和数量变化与外套膜的功能分化密切相关。     

Spatio-temporal dynamic of quality of life of residents,Northeast China

Quality of life(QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less.