基于多种地震前兆异常的综合异常指数研究

在单项地震前兆异常判据和预报指标分析的基础上 ,构建了单项异常指数计算公式 ,进而定义了综合异常指数 ,用于提取多种地震前兆异常的综合群体特征。作为算例计算了新疆北天山乌苏地区 8种地震学参数的综合异常指数 ,结果表明两组地震前综合异常指数均出现了明显的高值异常变化过程。     

对张北6.2级地震预测的回顾和再研究

对张北6.2级地震在测震学前兆图像、预测回顾及总结的基础上,对部分反映较好的测震学预测指标进行了比较系统的预报效能检验和评估,进一步确定和筛选出部分测震学预测方法的最佳三要素预测指标,为各预测指标的三要素界定和预测效能提供了定量的参考依据。 对各种预报方法进行比较系统和客观的预报效能检验和评估,确定和筛选预测方法的最佳三要素预测指标,这不仅是地震预测预报逐步向科学、客观、严谨和实用化方向迈进的重要途径,而且是探索以震源物理为基础和孕震阶段为依据的多学科异常有机结合的综合概率预测的必要前题。     

张北6.2级地震测震学指标短临判定分析

在对地震学前兆认识的基础上,总结了张北６．２级地震前作出短临判定的可能依据,分析考虑了由场及源、由中国向短临过渡的认识思路。在短临三要素判定中强 空区、条带、平静、震群和中等地震活动及测震学指标异常在时间上的相依性和物理上的关联性。并且对华北近几年发生的５次６级地震的测震学前兆作比较,表明无论是地震活动性或指标参数寂均有共性,但程度各有不同。还非线性理论中的尺度依赖性原理提出一各一范围中的强震进行     

基于多手段异常结果的地震综合概率预测

地震综合预测是,根据地震地质、地震活动性、地震前兆异常和环境因素等多种分析手段,与前兆信息监测所进行的现代防震减灾研究.最初的综合预测方法主要以预报经验的数学化统计为主,主要包含测震学、地壳形变学、地磁地电、地下流体等4种学科的预测方法,以及衍生出的,如综合概率法、模糊聚类、模式识别、专家系统以及模糊综合判定等分析方法...     

中国典型地区强震的地震学综合预测指标筛选及其在西南地区的检验

地震学定量综合预报方法(Seismological Quantitative Integrated Prediction Method,简称SQIP方法)是笔者等在"九五"攻关研究项目中使用华北地区资料和震例自行研制的一种基于多项地震学参数的综合预测方法.本文依据该方法的指标筛选法及规则,对中国大陆西南、华北、新疆3个地区7级以上强震进行了研究,提取了相应的强震地震学综合预测指标,并由此给出适用于中国大陆典型地区的强地震SQIP预测方法.同时在西南地区进行了该方法的时空扫描检验.     

非测震学前兆异常的震情窗口效应

通过对１９７６年唐山７．８级、１９８３年菏泽５．９极和１９８９年大同６．１级．１９９１年大同５．８级四次地震的非测震学前兆异常（短水准、地电、水氡含量、水位等）的研究，发现在这些地震以前，邢台地区的非测震学前兆观测值均有异常出现，显示出该地区不仅有地震活动性的窗口效应，而且有非测震学前兆异常的震情窗口效应。其它地区也有相类似的情况存在。这对区域应力场研究和前兆场特征的研究具有重要意义，对强震的预报     

中国典型地区强震的地震学综合预测指标筛选及其在南南地区的检验

地震学定量综合预报方法（Seisemological Quantitative Integrated Prediciton Method，简称SQIP方法）是笔者等在“九五”攻关研究项目使用华北地区资料和震例自行研制的一种基于多项地震学参数的综合预测方法。本文依据该方法的指标筛选法及规则，对中国大陆西南，华北，新疆3个地区7级以上强震进行的研究，提取了相应的强震地震学综合预测指标，并由此给出适用于中国大陆典型地区的强地震SQIP预测方法。同时在西南地区进行了该方法的时空扫描检验。     

对当前地震预报研究谈几点意见

地震有前兆,已被多数地震学家接受或证实。地震前兆的探索和研 究是地震科学中最活跃和最广泛地被实践的一个分支。一般讲,前兆往往与预报相联系,所以研究地震前兆是突破短、临预报的关键。但前兆现象是复杂的,一次地震的前兆不一定表现为单一的物理量,而是几个物理量的综合反映。有时有异常没     

云南武定6．5级地震前地震活动特征

根据震前小震活动、ｂ值、η值、Ｎ值、“地震窗”的月频度、孕震地震条带、缺震曲线值，并利用地震学方法提取大震前兆信息的测震学参数：波速比值、振幅比值、尾波持续时间比值等地震活动性参数的变化，研究了武定６．５级地震前地震活动的特征。     

首都圈地震监测预报的某些模糊数学方法

本文把模糊数学中的模糊模式识别的直接方法、模糊聚类分析方法、模糊信息检索方法和新近提出的模糊分维方法应用到以地震活动性和地震前兆为基础的首都圈地震监测预报当中,分析研究了发生在这一地区的两次大地震,即1976年唐山7.8级和1989年大同6.1级地震前用模糊数学方法识别出的地震学前兆和非地震学前兆,并对这一地区大地震的长期和中短期模糊预报方法与途径进行了简要的讨论。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.