利用双频GPS数据研究区域电离层TEC变化规律

利用GPS双频观测数据分析了仪器偏差对计算电离层TEC的影响,结果表明忽略仪器偏差的影响不能正确反映测站上空电离层总电子含量的变化规律。验证了短期内仪器偏差的稳定性,并在此基础上研究了2005年太阳活动低峰年区域电离层VTEC的周年变化规律,揭示了电离层VTEC半年变化、季节性变化及冬季异常等现象。     

利用双频GPS数据研究区域电离层TEC变化规律

利用GPS双频观测数据分析了仪器偏差对计算电离层TEC的影响,结果表明忽略仪器偏差的影响不能正确反映测站上空电离层总电子含量的变化规律.验证了短期内仪器偏差的稳定性,并在此基础上研究了2005年太阳活动低峰年区域电离层VTEC的周年变化规律,揭示了电离层VTEC半年变化、季节性变化及冬季异常等现象.     

一种利用GNSS非差载波观测量近实时计算VTEC的方法

提出了一种采用载波观测量组成电离层观测值计算天顶电离层总电子含量(VTEC)的方法,以克服GNSS伪距观测值多路径效应及频间偏差对VTEC计算的不利影响,并采用广播星历来提高计算结果的实时性。在强电离层活动下的零(短)基线实验结果表明,采用该方法计算的VTEC结果精度优于采用载波平滑伪距观测量的计算结果。初步验证了该方法用于区域电离层活动监测的可行性。     

GPS观测数据中的仪器偏差对确定电离层延迟的影响及处理方法

本文通过设计不同的计算方案详细分析了ＧＰＳ观测中的仪器偏差对确定电离层延迟的影响,利用多天实测数据,结合仪器偏差与电离层延迟的分离方法,探讨了仪器偏差的稳定性,并提出了一种静态确定电离层延迟的方案。算例表明它能有效克服仪器偏差影响。     

不同活跃状态下香港区域电离层建模分析

针对如何选取合适的区域电离层模型阶数的问题，该文研究了不同活跃状态下香港区域电离层模型的精度，提供了电离层平静期、活跃期、异常期区域电离层球谐函数建模的最佳阶数。利用低纬度香港CORS网数据，建立区域电离层模型，通过对比欧洲定轨中心(CODE)电离层产品验证了区域电离层模型最佳阶数的建模精度。在约110 km区域范围内，研究结果表明：(1)电离层平静期，1～5阶球谐模型垂直电子总含量(VTEC)建模效果相当，相对于CODE产品VTEC偏差的均值为2.286～3.300 TECU;(2)电离层活跃期和异常期，2阶模型VTEC建模精度最高，相对于CODE产品VTEC偏差的均值分别为4.121、4.546 TECU;(3)随着球谐模型阶数增加，2阶以上球谐模型电离层拟合精度无显著提升；(4)随着电离层活跃更加剧烈，球谐模型拟合残差逐渐增大，拟合效果和建模精度出现下降。     

全球电离层时空变化特性分析

采用谱分析和小波分解的方法对全球电离层VTEC量的时空变化特性进行了分析。使用IGS中心发布的全球电离层网格图数据,分别从高中低纬度全年变化特性、南北半球全年变化特性、全球范围内随经纬度的变化特性对电离层VTEC进行了分析。结果表明,高中低纬度地区VTEC量具有周日和半周年变化现象,在二分点处存在峰值,南半球电离层较北半球电离层活跃,经度变化对VTEC值的影响较纬度变化大,总体上,太阳辐射是电离层活动的主要影响因素。     

基于灰色组合模型的电离层电子含量预报

为了提高电离层VTEC预报的精度,该文采用GM(2,1)模型对电离层VTEC序列进行周期性趋势项提取,对其残差序列建立时间序列模型,形成灰色时序组合模型,进行电离层VTEC预报。实例计算结果表明,基于灰色时序组合模型的电离层VTEC预报精度较高,稳定性较好,且随着预报天数的增加,该模型的预报精度有所降低;高纬度地区的电离层VTEC预报精度最高、最为稳定,中纬度地区次之,而低纬度地区的预报精度最低、稳定性最差。     

全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展第五讲利用双频GPS观测值建立电离层延迟模型

介绍了电离层的概况，GPS信号在电离层中的传播，电离层改正模型以及利用GPS双频观测值来建立电离层延迟或VTEC模型的原理、方法和结果。     

顾及高阶电离层延迟的BDS-3/GPS长基线网解精度分析

为了减弱BDS-3/GPS基准站数据处理中电离层延迟的影响,从而提高基准站坐标解算精度,采用BDS-3/GPS双频载波无电离层线性组合消除电离层延迟一阶项的影响,并引入全球垂直总电子含量VTEC文件削弱电离层延迟高阶项的影响.通过设计对比实验对24个MGEX基准站进行解算,分析了BDS-3和GPS解算过程中电离层延迟高...     

GEO卫星区域电离层监测分析

由于GEO卫星的静地特性,由双频观测数据获取的穿刺点垂直总电子含量(VTEC)可以充分反映电离层的时域变化,而根据地面监测站的分布,可以进一步获取VTEC的空域变化.分析根据区域卫星导航系统观测数据计算VTEC的精度,理论分析表明VTEC精度优于2 TECU.根据实测数据计算分析我国高、中、低纬度不同穿刺点电离层平时、磁暴期间的周日变化特性和2011年全年变化特性,并与IGS全球电离层图(GIM)的穿刺点插值结果进行分析比较.结果表明,两者在电离层周日和全年变化趋势上具有很好的一致性,但磁暴期间我国低纬度地区GIM误差的峰值可达29TECU,2011年全年评估结果GIM误差标准差为2～8 TECU.根据2011年的观测结果,电离层VTEC呈现出明显的半年异常现象.区域卫星导航系统为我国的电离层监测尤其是空间天气期间的电离层监测提供了新的支持.     

高精度仪器高量取方法研究

各种工程对测量的精度要求越来越高,仪器高的量取是测绘中的首要程序,仪器高的精度决定了测量外业的整体精度。本文介绍了量取仪器高的一般方法,并在对现有三脚架作出局部改动的基础上,配对一种新设计的尺子,提出了一种新的仪器高量取方法。该方法操作简便,可行性强,可提高仪器高的测量精度,具有很强的普及性。本文的设想为测量工作中仪器高的量取提供了新的参考,也为仪器改良提供了新的思路。     

Is the instrumental drift of superconducting gravimeters a linear or exponential function of time?

The instrumental drift of the superconducting gravimeter in Membach, Belgium, is estimated using 9 years of co-located and episodic absolute gravity measurements. We show that the best model of the long-term drift of the SG-C021 is an exponential. The thermal levelers used to compensate tilts are unlikely to induce the observed drift. Rather, the capacitance bridge, magnetic variations, gas adsorption on the levitating sphere, or helium gas pressure variations around it are most likely the possible combined causes of the observed instrumental drift. In practice, either linear or exponential drift models are equivalent as long as the record duration does not exceed 10 years. For longer records, this study demonstrates that an exponential models the drift better than a simple linear trend.     

High-frequency parasitic modes of superconducting gravimeters

The superconducting gravimeter (SG) has a long-period instrumental noise called the parasitic mode at periods around 100 s, whose precise mechanism has not yet been identified. In this paper, another instrumental noise is detected at much higher frequencies by analyzing the high-rate gravity channel of two SGs in Japan. This is also a parasitic oscillation, characterized by frequencies on the order of 1 Hz and very high Q values. Detailed spectra indicate that the noise actually consists of two modes with small frequency separations. Based on a simple theory on the rotational motions of the superconducting sphere in the gravity sensor, the observed modes are tentatively identified as rotational oscillations of the sphere about two orthogonal axes in the horizontal plane. Interactions between the parasitic modes are investigated using the spectra acquired on an earthquake, to conclude that the low-frequency parasitic mode is likely to be a rotational motion of the sphere about the vertical axis.     

TESTING A THEODOLITE FOR ACCURACY

Abstract

When a theodolite is used to measure an angle, the result will be subjected to certain instrumental and personal errors which affect the measurement. Such errors may be accidental or systematic. Those of the former type, which follow no law and which may with equal probability occur at any graduation, are more easily eliminated, since, if a very large number of readings is taken, it is probable that the errors will cancel out and that the mean will approximate very closely to the correct figure. Systematic errors are usually due to instrumental defects and rnay be expressed as a function of the reading itself; it is the object of the manufacturer to eliminate these as far as possible, since cancellation by reiteration or by repetition is not to be expected wholly.     

地面三维激光雷达点云误差分析及校正方法

分析了地面三维激光雷达点云误差来源,提出了相应的误差校正模型。通过实测数据验证,该模型能够消除系统误差,提高了点云精度。     

确定卫星与接收机信号延迟偏差的新方法及其应用

单频ＧＰＳ接收机用户通常需要进行电离层延迟改正,电离层延迟改正量通常来源于电离层延迟改正模型或双频ＧＰＳ基准站信息,后者即是利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,求解电离层延迟改正量。利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,一个关键总是是去掉卫星与接收信号延迟偏差。     

精密三角高程在武咸城际铁路二等水准测量中的应用分析

水准测量传递高程适合在地势平坦的地区,但在地形复杂的地区会受到制约。用全站仪精密三角高程测量方法来代替二等水准测量,通过同时对向观测方法,消除或减弱大气折光、仪器高量取误差等对测量精度的影响,满足二等水准测量精度要求,在武咸铁路勘测应用中证明是可行的。     

THE USE OF AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS IN THE DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION ELEMENTS

This paper outlines the history of the development of various auxiliary instruments which can help in the determination of the elements of absolute orientation. The recent work of Dr. H. G. Jerie on height precision is summarised and results of tests carried out with air photography linked to auxiliary instrumental data are presented.     

精密三角高程代替二等水准测量在山区铁路勘测中的运用

使用水准测量的方法传递高程在地形复杂的地方难以展开,本文研究采用全站仪三角高程测量方法消除或减弱大气折光、仪器高量取误差等对测量精度的影响,使之满足二等水准测量精度要求,并通过实际工程应用加以验证.     

On the impact of GNSS ambiguity resolution: geometry,ionosphere, time and biases

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is the key to fast and precise GNSS positioning and navigation. Next to the positioning parameters, however, there are several other types of GNSS parameters that are of importance for a range of different applications like atmospheric sounding, instrumental calibrations or time transfer. As some of these parameters may still require pseudo-range data for their estimation, their response to IAR may differ significantly. To infer the impact of ambiguity resolution on the parameters, we show how the ambiguity-resolved double-differenced phase data propagate into the GNSS parameter solutions. For that purpose, we introduce a canonical decomposition of the GNSS network model that, through its decoupled and decorrelated nature, provides direct insight into which parameters, or functions thereof, gain from IAR and which do not. Next to this qualitative analysis, we present for the GNSS estimable parameters of geometry, ionosphere, timing and instrumental biases closed-form expressions of their IAR precision gains together with supporting numerical examples.