拉萨地体东南部变质岩的成因与中-新生代造山作用

本文对青藏高原拉萨地体东南部林芝地区分布的变质岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究,结果表明这套岩石在中-新生代经历三期变质作用,形成了三个变质带,它们是:(1)米林变质带,经历了高温中压麻粒岩相峰期变质作用和角闪岩相退变质作用,峰期麻粒岩相的变质作用温、压条件为830～900℃和0.9～1.3GPa,变质时代为90～80Ma的晚白垩世;(2)八一变质带,经历了低压角闪岩相变质作用,变质作用温、压条件为625～679℃,0.4～0.55GPa,变质作用时间为55～50Ma的始新世;(3)布久变质带,经历中压角闪岩相变质作用,变质作用温、压条件为615～663℃和0.5～0.8GPa,变质作用时间为32～26Ma的渐新世。研究表明,拉萨地体东南部的中高级变质岩系的原岩主要由形成在晚古生代的沉积岩和古生代-新生代的岩浆岩组成,变质沉积岩的物质源区具有格林威尔和泛非造山作用的构造热事件记录,表明拉萨地体具有冈瓦纳大陆的构造亲缘性。我们认为,拉萨地体东南部的晚白垩世高温中压变质作用发生在新特提斯大洋岩石圈向拉萨地体之下俯冲所导致的安第斯型造山作用过程中,始新世的低压角闪岩相变质作用发生在印度与欧亚碰撞和深俯冲的新特提斯洋壳断离过程中,而渐新世的中压角闪岩相变质作用发生在印度大陆向欧亚大陆之下的持续俯冲,地壳加厚过程中。因此,拉萨地体东南部的高级变质岩揭示了俯冲/碰撞复合造山带上盘中、下地壳的组成与构造演化历史。     

拉萨地体东南部林芝杂岩形成与变质演化的锆石U-Pb年代学限定

本文对拉萨地体东南部林芝地区分布的变质岩进行了岩相学和锆石年代学研究。结果表明,林芝杂岩中的变质沉积岩主要由片麻岩和片岩组成,它们经历了中压角闪岩相变质作用。变质岩中的锆石多由继承的碎屑岩浆核和新生的变质边组成。继承锆石核给出了新太古代至晚古生代的年龄范围,其主要年龄峰值在～1560Ma、～1190Ma、～620Ma和～340Ma,而锆石变质边给出了53Ma和27Ma的变质年龄。这一结果表明,林芝杂岩中的变质沉积岩很可能形成在古生代,其物质源区具有Grenville和Pan-Africa期造山作用的构造热事件记录。这一研究和已有的成果进一步证明,拉萨地体起源于Gondwana大陆北缘,在新生代印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞/俯冲过程中,拉萨地体作为俯冲带的上盘经历了多期变质作用改造。本研究为拉萨地体起源与多期构造演化提供了重要信息。     

拉萨地块林芝杂岩体石榴角闪岩的地球化学特征和年代学研究

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南缘林芝杂岩中的两类石榴角闪岩进行了详细的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。这两类石榴角闪岩分别为硅不饱和的含十字石石榴角闪岩和硅饱和的含石英石榴角闪岩。含十字石石榴角闪岩矿物组合为十字石、石榴子石、角闪石、钠云母、绿泥石、斜长石。石英石榴角闪岩矿物组合为石榴子石、角闪石、石英、斜长石、黑云母。岩石学及变质相平衡研究表明两类石榴角闪岩均经历了高压角闪岩相变质作用。含十字石石榴角闪岩和石英石榴角闪岩具有MORB的地球化学特征,锆石U-Pb年代学分析获得了800~200 Ma的206Pb/238U年龄范围,出现了~430 Ma、~268 Ma和~216 Ma年龄峰值。~430 Ma年龄可能和拉萨地体岩浆活动有关,~268 Ma变质年龄和~216 Ma变质年龄和拉萨地块经历的高压变质作用有关。其中~268 Ma年龄和拉萨地块内部松多高压带榴辉岩的峰期变质年龄一致,而~216 Ma年龄和榴辉岩的围岩含石榴子石片岩年龄一致。对比该区域的年代学研究成果,这表明林芝杂岩体不仅经历了中新生代的变质和岩浆再造活动,还经历了古特提斯洋闭合,南北拉萨地块发生碰撞的晚二叠世的高压变质作用和三叠纪的中压变质作用。     

拉萨地体东部早侏罗纪变质和深熔作用

位于青藏高原南部的拉萨地体不仅记录了中生代的新特提斯洋俯冲及随后新生代的印度-欧亚板块陆陆碰撞造山作用,而且还记录了晚古生代-早中生代南、北拉萨地体的拼合作用。本文对拉萨地体东部东久地区的片岩和脉体进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,表明片岩经历了峰期高角闪岩相的变质作用和部分熔融,中压角闪岩相退变质过程以及晚期的降温、降压过程。片岩记录了峰期矿物组合蓝晶石+石榴石+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英,退变质矿物组合石榴石+夕线石+堇青石+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英,晚期退变质矿物组合堇青石+黑云母+白云母+绿泥石+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英。相平衡模拟研究表明,片岩的峰期变质作用温度、压力条件约为720℃、0.9GPa;退变质条件约为670℃、0.59GPa以及480℃、0.12GPa。全岩地球化学研究表明,含石榴石长英质脉体具有显著的Eu元素正异常(δEu=3.57),为斜长石堆晶的产物。锆石U-Pb年代学表明,片岩和脉体在早侏罗纪的181 Ma和195 Ma发生了变质和部分熔融作用。本文结合已发表研究结果表明,东久地区的高级变质岩可划分出不同的构造岩片,在早侏罗纪先后经历了相似温、压条件的变质作用,为南、北拉萨地体碰撞造山作用的产物。     

青藏高原南部拉萨地体的变质作用与动力学

拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的最南缘,它在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。因此,拉萨地体是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩以前被认为是拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底。但新近的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期和不同类型的变质作用,包括在洋壳俯冲构造体制下发生的新元古代和晚古生代高压变质作用,在陆-陆碰撞环境下发生的早古生代和早中生代中压型变质作用,在洋中脊俯冲过程中发生的晚白垩纪高温/中压变质作用,以及在大陆俯冲带上盘加厚大陆地壳深部发生的两期新生代中压型变质作用。这些变质作用和伴生的岩浆作用表明,拉萨地体经历了从新元古代至新生代的复杂演化过程。(1)北拉萨地体的结晶基底包括新元古代的洋壳岩石,它们很可能是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中形成的莫桑比克洋的残余。(2)随着莫桑比克洋的俯冲和东、西冈瓦纳大陆的汇聚,拉萨地体洋壳基底经历了晚新元古代的(～650Ma)的高压变质作用和早古代的(～485Ma)中压型变质作用。这很可能表明北拉萨地体起源于东非造山带的北端。(3)在古特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体和羌塘地体经历了中古生代的(～360Ma)岩浆作用。(4)古特提斯洋盆的闭合和南、北拉萨地体的碰撞,导致了晚二叠纪(～260Ma)高压变质带和三叠纪(～220Ma)中压变质带的形成。(5)在新特提斯洋中脊向北的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体经历了晚白垩纪(～90Ma)安第斯型造山作用,形成了高温/中压型变质带和高温的紫苏花岗岩。(6)在早新生代(55～45Ma),印度与欧亚板块的碰撞,导致拉萨地体地壳加厚,形成了中压角闪岩相变质作用和同碰撞岩浆作用。(7)在晚始新世(40～30Ma),随着大陆的继续汇聚,南拉萨地体经历了另一期角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用和深熔作用。拉萨地体的构造演化过程是研究汇聚板块边缘变质作用与动力学的最佳实例。     

烟台北部古元古代芝罘群变形变质作用及演化

在分析烟台北部芝罘群主要变质岩类的变质矿物共生组合，变质相系及构造岩等特征的基础上，对该群变形，变质作用及演化特征进行了探讨。认为该区芝罘群曾经历1期韧性变形作用和4期变质作用（古元古代高角闪岩相，中元古代早期低角闪岩相，中元古代晚期高绿片岩相及新元古代低绿片岩相变质作用）。     

青藏高原拉萨地体南部林芝岩群的物质来源与形成年代：岩石学与锆石U-Pb年代学

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南部林芝岩群中的变质岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究。研究表明,林芝岩群由角闪岩相的变质沉积岩和正片麻岩组成。变质沉积岩主要为含石榴石白云斜长角闪片岩、含石榴石云母石英片岩、含石榴石黑云钾长片麻岩、大理岩和石英岩等,代表性矿物组合包括石榴石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+黑云母+白云母,或石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+石英+夕线石+黑云母+白云母。花岗质片麻岩（含二云母片麻岩）的矿物组合是石英+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母。锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,变质沉积岩中的碎屑锆石主要为岩浆成因,获得了2708~63Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄范围,在~1100Ma和~550Ma出现两个年代峰值。碎屑锆石的变质增生边给出了35Ma的变质年龄。正片麻岩获得了496Ma的锆石结晶年龄和1158Ma的继承年龄。基于上述研究结果、区域对比和相邻变质岩石中获得的多期变质年龄,我们认为林芝岩群的原岩很可能形成在早古生代,其沉积物质主要来源于印度陆块,与特提斯喜马拉雅早古生代的岩石一起同为印度大陆北缘的沉积盖层,在环冈瓦纳大陆周缘造山过程中被寒武纪花岗岩侵入。在新特提斯洋向北的俯冲过程中,林芝岩群经历了晚中生代的安第斯型造山作用,在印度与欧亚大陆的俯冲-碰撞过程中,林芝岩群部分地经历了新生代的变质和岩浆作用再造。本研究证明,林芝岩群并不是传统上认为的拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底,其角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用发生在中、新生代。     

青藏高原拉萨地块北部新元古代中期蛇绿混杂岩带的厘定及其意义

青藏高原南部拉萨地块中分布的中高级变质岩一直被认为是前寒武纪变质基底,但并未获得可靠的年代学证据,对其岩石成因及构造属性也缺乏系统的研究工作,严重制约了对拉萨地块早期构造演化的进一步研究.本文以拉萨地块北部永珠地区念青唐古拉岩群中的正变质岩系及深熔作用成因的长英质脉体为研究对象,进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究.地球化学研究结果表明,永珠地区念青唐古拉岩群中正变质岩系的原岩为一套E-MORB型蛇绿岩、剪切型大洋斜长花岗岩和岛弧岩浆岩组合,深熔脉体则具有典型埃达克岩的特征,暗示高压条件下镁铁质岩石部分熔融的成因;LA-ICP-MS定年结果进一步表明,洋壳的形成时代为758Ma,与Rodinia超大陆裂解时期相一致,可能是在这一期全球性裂解事件中新生的新元古代洋盆记录;在洋壳的运移和进一步的演化过程中形成了730Ma的剪切型大洋斜长花岗岩和742Ma的岛弧岩浆岩;变质锆石定年结果表明大洋可能最终在666Ma的碰撞造山作用中闭合,并在造山带垮塌初期或高压变质岩系折返过程中,由于减压熔融,形成一期660Ma深熔脉体.本文的研究证明了拉萨地块前寒武纪变质基底的存在,首次获得了精确的新元古代变质及深熔作用年龄,填补了拉萨地块早期构造演化的空白,为进一步探讨拉萨地块起源,恢复其在超大陆的汇聚及裂解事件中古地理位置提供了重要的资料.     

辽东—吉南地区早元古代两种类型变质作用及其构造意义

辽宁东部和吉林南部的早元古代变质岩系可划归两个性质不同的变质地体。辽北地体包括北辽河群和老岭群,其中常见有石榴石、十字石、蓝晶石等特征变质矿物,属于典型的中压变质作用,并具有大陆碰撞带的顺时针ＰＴｔ轨迹,峰期阶段的变质条件达到低角闪岩相,它们和推覆构造所产生的构造增压作用有密切关系。辽南地体包括南辽河群和集安群,其中常见有石榴石、十字石、红柱石、堇青石、夕线石等特征变质矿物,属于典型的低压变质作用,并具有大陆边缘岩浆增生带的逆时针ＰＴｔ轨迹,峰期阶段的变质条件达到高角闪岩相,它们和大量片麻状花岗岩侵位所引起的岩浆增温作用有密切关系。研究结果表明北辽河群和南辽河群、老岭群和集安群不是同一个裂陷槽内的“同时异相”关系或“上下叠置”关系,而是两个变质地体的变质岩系在早元古代晚期经构造作用拼贴在一起。     

大别山石马地区超高压变质岩角闪岩相变形的Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其构造意义

角闪岩相变形是大别山超高压变质岩的主期变形 ,露头和显微尺度的构造要素主要由这期变形产生 ,通过对超高压变质岩带内韧性剪切带中花岗片麻岩的Rb -Sr同位素年龄测定 ,获得一条变形花岗片麻岩的全岩 -白云母内部等时线年龄 ,表明超高压变质岩的角闪岩相变形产生于180Ma左右 ,超高压变质岩的主期变形确实为同角闪岩相变质期变形 ,该年龄与超高压变质岩的第二次快速冷却年龄一致 ,由此证实超高压变质岩在180Ma左右快速从下地壳折返至中地壳     

Two stages of granulite facies metamorphism in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,south Tibet: petrology,zircon geochronology and implications for the subduction of Neo‐Tethys and the Indian continent beneath Asia

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis in southeastern Tibet consists of the Lhasa terrane, High Himalayan rocks and Indus‐Tsangpo suture zone. The Lhasa terrane constitutes the hangingwall of a subduction zone, whereas the High Himalayan rocks represent the subducted Indian continent. Our petrological and geochronological data reveal that the Lhasa terrane has undergone two stages of medium‐P metamorphism: an early granulite facies event at c. 90 Ma and a late amphibolite facies event at 36–33 Ma. However, the High Himalayan rocks experienced only a single high‐P granulite facies metamorphic event at 37–32 Ma. It is inferred that the Late Cretaceous (c. 90 Ma) medium‐P metamorphism of the southern Lhasa terrane resulted from a northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethyan ocean, and that the Oligocene (37–32 Ma) high‐P (1.8–1.4 GPa) rocks of the High Himalayan and coeval medium‐P (0.8–1.1 GPa) rocks of the Lhasa terrane represent paired metamorphic belts that resulted from the northward subduction of the Indian continent beneath Asia. Our results provide robust constraints on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of south Tibet.     

苏北连云港地区蓝闪绿片岩相岩块的发现

在苏北连云港地区(红石咀、东西连岛及蟹脐沟)发现以岩块、岩片形式出现的蓝闪绿片岩相岩石，其由石榴石、蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石、阳起石、钠长石、多硅白云母、榍石及文石等矿物组成。石榴石变斑晶作为低扩散的刚性矿物，经历了多期变质变形作用，变质反应证据保存在石榴石的成分环带及包体矿物组合中。蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石及文石包体的存在表明，本区出露的绿片岩相岩系属早期经历低温高压变质作用、晚期又叠加绿片岩相变质作用的高压变质地体。这一发现为苏鲁高压地体的构造单元划分提供了重要依据。     

Early Jurassic metamorphism of the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane in South Tibet and its tectonic significance

The metamorphic belt in the Dongjiu area is located in the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane in South Tibet. The Dongjiu metamorphic rocks are primarily composed of schist and gneiss, with minor amounts of marble, and the protoliths are sedimentary rocks with Precambrian and early Palaeozoic zircons probably deposited during the Palaeozoic or late Neoproterozoic. On the basis of petrology and phase equilibria modelling, this study shows that the Dongjiu metamorphic belt has experienced a kyanite-grade metamorphism, which is characterized by a decompressional vector with slight cooling from a peak of 9.6 kbar and 745°C to medium-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphic overprinting at 5–6 kbar and 600–630°C. This P–T path was well recorded and recovered by garnet zoning profiles. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in situ U–Pb analyses on metamorphic zircons and zircon rims yielded concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of c. 194–192 Ma, suggesting that the Dongjiu metamorphic rocks were formed during the Early Jurassic. Therefore, the Dongjiu metamorphic belt, together with the western Nyainqentanglha, Basongco, and Zhala metamorphic belts, constitutes a nearly continuous tectonic unit with an E–W extension of at least 500 km between the northern and southern Lhasa terranes. The metamorphic ages of these belts, ranging from 230 to 192 Ma, show a younger trend from west to east, indicating that the central segment of the Lhasa terrane experienced an eastward asynchronous collisional orogeny during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.     

Metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane,Central Tibet

The Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet is composed of Precambrian crystalline basement, Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary strata and Paleozoic to Cenozoic magmatic rocks. This terrane has long been accepted as the last crustal block to be accreted with Eurasia prior to its collision with the northward drifting Indian continent in the Cenozoic. Thus, the Lhasa terrane is the key for revealing the origin and evolutionary history of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. Although previous models on the tectonic development of the orogen have much evidence from the Lhasa terrane, the metamorphic history of this terrane was rarely considered. This paper provides an overview of the temporal and spatial characteristics of metamorphism in the Lhasa terrane based mostly on the recent results from our group, and evaluates the geodynamic settings and tectonic significance. The Lhasa terrane experienced multistage metamorphism, including the Neoproterozoic and Late Paleozoic HP metamorphism in the oceanic subduction realm, the Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic MP metamorphism in the continent–continent collisional zone, the Late Cretaceous HT/MP metamorphism in the mid-oceanic ridge subduction zone, and two stages of Cenozoic MP metamorphism in the thickened crust above the continental subduction zone. These metamorphic and associated magmatic events reveal that the Lhasa terrane experienced a complex tectonic evolution from the Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic. The main conclusions arising from our synthesis are as follows: (1) The Lhasa block consists of the North and South Lhasa terranes, separated by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the subsequent Late Paleozoic suture zone. (2) The crystalline basement of the North Lhasa terrane includes Neoproterozoic oceanic crustal rocks, representing probably the remnants of the Mozambique Ocean derived from the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. (3) The oceanic crustal basement of North Lhasa witnessed a Late Cryogenian (~ 650 Ma) HP metamorphism and an Early Paleozoic (~ 485 Ma) MP metamorphism in the subduction realm associated with the closure of the Mozambique Ocean and the final amalgamation of Eastern and Western Gondwana, suggesting that the North Lhasa terrane might have been partly derived from the northern segment of the East African Orogen. (4) The northern margin of Indian continent, including the North and South Lhasa, and Qiangtang terranes, experienced Early Paleozoic magmatism, indicating an Andean-type orogeny that resulted from the subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean after the final amalgamation of Gondwana. (5) The Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes witnessed Middle Paleozoic (~ 360 Ma) magmatism, suggesting an Andean-type orogeny derived from the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. (6) The closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean between the North and South Lhasa terranes and subsequent terrane collision resulted in the formation of Late Permian (~ 260 Ma) HP metamorphic belt and Triassic (220 Ma) MP metamorphic belt. (7) The South Lhasa terrane experienced Late Cretaceous (~ 90 Ma) Andean-type orogeny, characterized by the regional HT/MP metamorphism and coeval intrusion of the voluminous Gangdese batholith during the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. (8) During the Early Cenozoic (55–45 Ma), the continent–continent collisional orogeny has led to the thickened crust of the South Lhasa terrane experiencing MP amphibolite-facies metamorphism and syn-collisional magmatism. (9) Following the continuous continent convergence, the South Lhasa terrane also experienced MP metamorphism during Late Eocene (40–30 Ma). (10) During Mesozoic and Cenozoic, two different stages of paired metamorphic belts were formed in the oceanic or continental subduction zones and the middle and lower crust of the hanging wall of the subduction zone. The tectonic imprints from the Lhasa terrane provide excellent examples for understanding metamorphic processes and geodynamics at convergent plate boundaries.     

北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的多期变质时代及其地质意义

在岩相学观察和锆石CL图像研究的基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区定年分析方法,本文确定北秦岭清油河退变榴辉岩的峰期变质时代为490±6Ma,退变质时代为453±9Ma,原岩形成时代为655±9Ma;松树沟超高压长英质片麻岩的峰期变质时代为497±8Ma,两期退变质时代分别为448±4Ma和421±2Ma,原岩形成时代上限832±25Ma;寨根石榴石辉石岩的峰期变质时代为498±2Ma,中压麻粒岩相退变质时代为450±3Ma,角闪岩相退变质时代为426±1Ma,原岩形成时代为573±40Ma;西峡北榴闪岩的角闪岩相变质时代为423±3Ma,原岩形成时代为843±7Ma。新确定的这些岩石的峰期变质时代与前人已报导的区内高压-超高压岩石的峰期变质时代在误差范围内基本一致,结合区内高压-超高压岩石不仅分布在秦岭岩群北缘的官坡-双槐树一带,而且断续出露在秦岭岩群中部或偏南侧的清油河北-松树沟-寨根北甚至西峡北东西一线,进一步表明它们应是同一期构造地质事件的产物。北秦岭已发现的全部正变质的高压-超高压岩石均呈透镜体状分布在围岩片麻岩中,松树沟超高压长英质片麻岩的原岩为典型的陆壳沉积物,因此,这些高压-超高压岩石的形成可能都是陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的产物。结合岩相学观察、锆石CL图像和锆石U-Pb定年表明,这些高压-超高压岩石在～500Ma经历了峰期变质作用后,又分别在～450Ma和～420Ma遭受了中压麻粒岩相和或角闪岩相退变质作用的叠加,充分说明这些高压-超高压岩石经历了一个完整的由陆壳俯冲-深俯冲、之后连续两次抬升的构造演化过程。另外,本次研究新获得的这些岩石的原岩形成时代介于843±7Ma～573±40Ma之间,结合官坡榴辉岩的原岩形成时代为791～814Ma以及松树沟榴闪岩原岩时代为787±16Ma的研究,共同表明北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的原岩形成时代均为新元古代,因此,限定俯冲-深俯冲的陆壳物质应来自形成时代为新元古代的大陆地壳或地质体。结合区域地质背景和前人研究成果综合分析,本文初步认为,北秦岭高压-超高压变质岩带的形成是商丹洋向北俯冲拖曳南秦岭新元古代陆壳物质在～500Ma发生陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的产物,之后在～450Ma与～420Ma经历了两期抬升。     

大别山北部超高压变质大理岩及其地质意义

岩石学研究表明 ,大别山北部镁铁 超镁铁质岩带中白云质大理岩至少经历过三期变质阶段 :(1)榴辉岩相峰期变质阶段 ,矿物组合主要为方解石 +白云石 +金红石 +镁橄榄石 +钛 斜硅镁石 +富镁的钛铁矿±文石±石榴子石 ;(2 )麻粒岩相退变质阶段 ,矿物组合主要为方解石 +白云石 +金云母 +镁橄榄石 +透辉石 +钛铁矿 +尖晶石±斜方辉石等 ;(3)角闪岩相退变质阶段 ,主要矿物组合为方解石 +白云石 +磷灰石 +磁铁矿+榍石等。它的峰期变质矿物组合 ,类似于苏 鲁超高压大理岩 ,形成压力至少大于 2 .5GPa。这进一步证明 ,大别山北部大多数高级变质岩 (包括大理岩等 )都曾经过超高压变质作用 ,应属于印支期扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分。     

Metamorphism of an ophiolitic tectonic mélange, northern California Klamath Mountains, USA

ABSTRACT Mineral assemblages in pelitic, mafic, calcareous and ultramafic rocks within a metamorphosed tectonic mélange indicate that the Marble Mountain terrane and adjacent Western Hayfork subterrane (northern California) underwent regional low- to medium-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism. Metamorphic conditions estimated by comparison of observed assemblages with experimentally-determined reaction boundaries and by geothermometry constrain metamorphic temperatures between about 500° and 570°C. The occurrence of andalusite in regionally metamorphosed pelites indicates pressures below about 370 MPa. Metabasite amphibole compositions also suggest low to intermediate metamorphic pressures. Metaserpentinites containing the upper amphibolite facies assemblage (olivine + enstatite + anthophyllite) are found locally within the study area and have been reported previously by other workers elsewhere in the Marble Mountain terrane. These assemblages may reflect higher temperatures of recrystallization than assemblages in surrounding rocks and may represent vestiges of an earlier high-temperature metamorphic event undergone by the ultramafic rocks prior to incorporation in the mélange. Although the age of the low- to intermediate-pressure metamorphism is poorly constrained, cross-cutting plutons indicate that metamorphism must be older than about 162 Ma. Therefore this regional metamorphic event, which probably marks the accretion of these terranes to the North American continental margin, is older than the currently accepted 151–147 Ma age of the Nevadan event in the Klamath Mountains. The inferred low to intermediate pressures of metamorphism and the lithologies of the protoliths suggest a near-arc tectonic setting and refute a subduction zone model for this event.     

条带状构造及矿物变形的研究——以冀东太古宙高级区为例

笔者发现冀东地区的混合岩化条带只是局部现象,而大部分条带构造与变形作用有关,根据成因不同,可将条带状构造划分为三种类型:①复合条带;②构造置换条带;③变质构造分异条带,其中变质构造分异条带分布最为广泛,组成这种条带的矿物在不同构造相中各有其变形特点。