Changing Concepts of City and Urban Planning Practices in Guangzhou （1949-2010）： An Approach to Sustainable Urban Development

By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980s and 1990s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then con- sidered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water re- sources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and envi- ronmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.     

Seasonal evolution of circulation and thermal structure in the Yellow Sea

In this paper, the authors used the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to simulate the seasonal evolutions of circulation and thermal structure in the Yellow Sea. The simulated circulation showed that the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) was a compensation current of monsoon-driven current, and that in winter, the YSWC became stronger with depth, and could flow across the Bohai Strait in the north. Sensitivity and controlling tests led to the following conclusions, In winter, the direction of the Yellow Sea Coastal Current in the surface layer was controlled partly by tide instead of wind, In summer, a cyclonic horizontal gyre existed in the middle and eastern parts of the Yellow Sea below 10 m. The downwelling in upper layer and upwelling in lower layer were somehow similar to Hu et al. (1991) conceptual model. The calculated thermal structure showed an obvious northward extending YSWC tongue in winter, its position and coverage of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in summer.     

Interaction of Waves, Surface Currents, and Turbulence： the Application of Surface-Following Coordinate Systems

Surface waves comprise an important aspect of the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, so a dynamically consistent framework for modelling atmosphere-ocean interaction must take account of surface waves, either implicitly or explicitly. In order to calculate the effect of wind forcing on waves and currents, and vice versa, it is necessary to employ a consistent formula- tion of the energy and momentum balance within the airflow, wave field, and water column. It is very advantageous to apply sur- face-following coordinate systems, whereby the steep gradients in mean flow properties near the air-water interface in the cross-interface direction may be resolved over distances which are much smaller than the height of the waves themselves. We may account for the waves explicitly by employing a numerical spectral wave model, and applying a suitable theory of wave–mean flow interaction. If the mean flow is small compared with the wave phase speed, perturbation expansions of the hydrodynamic equations in a Lagrangian or generalized Lagrangian mean framework are useful: for stronger flows, such as for wind blowing over waves, the presence of critical levels where the mean flow velocity is equal to the wave phase speed necessitates the application of more general types of surface-following coordinate system. The interaction of the flow of air and water and associated differences in temperature and the concentration of various substances (such as gas species) gives rise to a complex boundary-layer structure at a wide range of vertical scales, from the sub-millimetre scales of gaseous diffusion, to several tens of metres for the turbulent Ekman layer. The bal- ance of momentum, heat, and mass is also affected significantly by breaking waves, which act to increase the effective area of the surface for mass transfer, and increase turbulent diffusive fluxes via the conversion of wave energy to turbulent kinetic energy.     

Economic Structure Transformation and Land Use Change of the Changjiang River Basin

1 Introduction Economic development in any country or region entails a long process of structural change in production as GDP and income per capita rise. In addition, economic de- velopment requires a long period of structural transfor- mation in materials inputs through reallocating natural resources (Cipolla, 1962). Land, as a crucial element and a key factor of production, is always the best witness of such transformations. In China, one of the largest countries in the world, 13.5% of its…     

A study on the Antarctic circumpolar wave mode-A coexistence system of standing and traveling wave

The Antarctic circumpolar wave （ACW） has become a focus of the air-sea coupled Southern Ocean study since 1996, when it was discovered as an air-sea coupled interannual signal propagating eastward in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）. In order to analyze the mechanism of discontinuity along the latitudinal propagation, a new idea that ACW is a system with a traveling wave in the Southern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and with a concurrent standing wave in the southern Indian Ocean is proposed in this paper. Based on the ideal wave principle, the average wave parameters of ACW is achieved using a non-linear approximation method, by which we find that the standing part and the traveling part possess similar radius frequency, proving their belonging to an integral system. We also give the latitudinal distribution of wave speed with which we could tell the reason for steady propagation during the same period. The spatial distribution of the propagation reveals complex process with variant spatial and temporal scales--The ENSO scale oscillation greatly impacts on the traveling process, while the result at the south of Australia indicates little connection between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, which may be blocked by the vibration at the west of the Pacific. The advective effect of ACC on the propagation process should be examined clearly through dynamical method.     

Distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in the skins of normal and albino adult turbot, Scophthalmus Maximus

The distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in skins of normal and albino adult turbots were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of pigment cells of melanophore, iridophore and xanthophore have been recognized in adult turbot skins. The skin color depends mainly on the amount and distribution of melanophore and iridophore, as xanthophore is quite rare. No pigment cells can be found in the epidermis of the skins. In the pigmented ocular skin of the turbot, melanophore and iridophore are usually co-localized in the dermis. This is quite different from the distribution in larvae skin. In albino and white blind skins of adult turbots, however, only iridophore monolayer still exists, while the melanophore monolayer disappears. This cytological evidence explains why the albino adult turbot, unlike its larvae, could never resume its body color no matter what environmental and nutritional conditions were provided. Endocytosis is quite active in the cellular membrane of the iridophore. This might be related to the formation of reflective platelet and stability of the iridophore.     

Statistical analysis of surface hydrography and circulation variations in northern South China Sea

1 INTRODUCTIONThe South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosedmarginal sea in western North Pacific Ocean withvery complex topography and is the important pas-sage connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Ithas great impact to the global climate and a greatinterest of many oceanography researchers. Twodominant surface hydrographic and circulation fea-tures in the northern SCS are a strong fresh waterexpansion and a warm and high-salinity seawaterintrusion such as the SCS Diluted Water…     

Mineral Components and Anti-oxidant Activities of Tropical Seaweeds

Seaweeds are known to hold substances of high nutritional value; they are the richest resources of minerals important to the biochemical reactions in the human body. Seaweeds also hold non-nutrient compounds like dietary fiber and polyphenols. However, there is not enough information on the mineral compounds of tropical seaweeds. Also we are interested in the antioxidant activities of seaweeds, especially those in the tropical area. In this study, Indonesian green, brown and red algae were used as experimental materials with their mineral components analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The catechins and flavonoids of these seaweeds were extracted with methanol and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） ; the anti-oxidant activities of these seaweeds were evaluated in a fish oil emulsion system. The mineral components of tropical seaweeds are dominated by calcium, potassium and sodium, as well as small amounts of copper, iron and zinc. A green alga usually contains epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and catechin. However, catechin and its isomers are not found in some green and red algae. In the presence of a ferrous ion catalyst, all the methanol extracts from the seaweeds show significantly lower peroxide values of the emulsion than the control, and that of a green alga shows the strongest anti-oxidant extract of this alga, which is significantly different from activity. The highest chelation on ferrous ions is also found in the the other methanol extracts in both 3 and 24 h incubations.     

Chemical compositions and cassfication of Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 and other Chinese iron meteorites

Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au of two ungrouped iron meteorites, Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 from Antarctica and Ujimqin, were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to the bulk chemistry, GRV 98003 is classified as a member of ⅠAB group, and Ujimqin as a unique one of ⅠAB iron meteorite complex. The elemental abundance pattern and correlation between elements （e. g. Ni-Au, Co-Au, As-Au, W- Au, Cu-Au, Sb-Au） of GRV 98003 are similar with those of NAW 468 （ⅠAB）, but significantly depleted in refractory siderophile elements （ Re, It） and moderate volatile elements （Ca, Ge） relative to the latter. In addition, we reclassify Nantan （ⅢCD） as a member of ⅠAB main group （MG） and Yongning （ⅠA） as a unique iron meteorite related with IAB iron meteorite complex.     

Digital Identification of Ecosystem Structure in the F?rt?na Valley of the Ka?kar Mountains in the Rize City of Turkey

Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability. The study area, the F？rt？na Valley, located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast, is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey. In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems, we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area, including elevation, slope and aspect layers for topographic structure, 10 year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, data for vegetation structure, annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure, main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation, stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure .To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis （PCA）. PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems （GIS）. PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75% of the variation in all data. It is also revealed that the topographic structure, mainly altitude, dominates the ecosystems of the F？rt？na Valley, but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex. The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem. Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Fcrtcna Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area, and these effects are explained in this study.     

Geodynamics and ore content of basite-ultrabasite complexes of Siberian Platform southern framing rocks (Kodaro-Udokan and Muja zones of North Transbaikalye)

In southern framing of Siberian Platform, basite-ultrabasite intrusive complexes were forming over a long period of time (Early Proterozoic-Paleozoic Era) as a result of collisional and post-collisional processes. In Muja zone they formed mainly in island-arch geodynamic conditions, in Kodaro-Udokan zone-in continental. Most productive toward noble metals in Muja zones are basite-ultrabasites of the Dovyrensk complex, in Kodaro-Udokan basites of the Chiney complex. Gold in these formations has both mantle and crustal springs.     

电力GIS网络模型的设计和实现

针对电力系统可靠性和实时性高,电网结构复杂,数据量大等特点,对电力GIS的网络模型进行了深入研究,并根据分析结果设计和实现了电力GIS的网络模型。该模型把电网的网络结构映射为几何网络和逻辑网络,实现了地理图与逻辑图的相互映射,通过引进复杂边和复杂交点技术解决了边"破碎"和点"破碎"问题,从而大大简化了查询维护和网络分析的复杂性。该模型支持高效率的电网网络拓扑结构的实时重构,已在我们的输配电网GIS中进行了成功应用。     

山东沂南明生岩体含矿性特征及找矿方向

沂南金铜铁矿床是山东省矽卡岩型金铜铁矿床的典型代表。前人在该地区开展了大量地质勘查和研究工作,但对明生岩体的系统性研究工作相对欠缺。明生成矿杂岩体位于NNE向银山断裂与北西向马牧池—金场断裂交会部位,岩体相带发育,围岩地层发育齐全。以往勘查工作共发现6个矿体,分别赋存于内接触带镁矽卡岩、外接触带钙矽卡岩和断裂破碎带中,并以外带为主。根据含矿性特征,结合物探异常特征,分析得出明生岩体找矿方向。     

基于MPP架构的并行空间数据库原型系统的设计与实现

快速高效地查询信息是衡量当前空间数据库性能的重要指标之一。传统的单节点关系型空间数据管理方式难以满足大数据量空间数据查询的需求,特别是高性能的复杂空间多表连接任务需求。鉴此,本文设计并实现了基于Massive Parallel Processing（MPP）架构的并行空间数据库中间件原型系统。系统充分利用无共享（shared-nothing）架构的优势,特别是针对空间数据的特性,设计了并行空间数据划分与导入、并行空间多表连接、空间数据查询优化等算法与模型。首先介绍了近年来并行数据库系统的发展现状,接着阐述了基于MPP架构的并行空间数据库中间件系统的查询计划算法及其系统架构,最后作者对一些大规模数据量做查询实验及其查询结果分析。实验表明,在处理挖掘大规模数据量时,该系统有近似线性的加速比,相比于传统单节点数据库,它能充分提高海量空间数据的复杂查询的性能,解决了空间数据库并行化处理海量数据的问题。     

Study on virtual source method under complex overburden in horizontal well

In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper under- ground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately estab- lished． The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes． In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well, and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distor- tion effects of the complex overburden． Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migra- tion,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified．     

一种求和法及其应用

为了用泛函的方法解决收敛问题,通过应用拓扑向量空间的一些性质,将一个序列到另一个序列的变化看作是变换,得到复距离空间中一些序列收敛性的等价条件.改进和推广了Abel定理,Mertens定理,O.Stolze公式等.     

复合生态系统信息图谱的研制

复合生态系统信息图谱是基于地理信息系统开发应用的成果,其具有较强的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。因为,它可有效地反映复合生态系统的时空演变规律,以辅助决策应用。本文提出了构建复合生态系统信息图谱的基本框架与设计思路,以及开发应用中应注意的几个问题。同时以福建省为例,从反映现状、揭示规律、虚拟未来3个方面进行了复合生态系统信息图谱的具体应用。     

黄河防洪工程维护管理系统设计与开发

黄河防洪工程空间分布范围广、工程类别多、工程情况复杂,使得工程维护管理任务十分繁重.为适应防洪工程维护管理工作的需要,采用GIS,RS,数据库等先进技术来管理防洪工程维护管理相关信息,建立一套现代化的工程维护管理系统,对提高维护管理决策水平,保障防洪工程正常运行具有十分重要的意义.     

云南省金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床位于云南哀牢山结晶基底断块东南端,为岩浆结晶分异和岩浆熔离矿床。为查明矿体特征,扩大找矿成果,通过地质、物探、化探及地表工程揭露等技术手段对矿体进行了查证,在沿NW向F₁断层侵位的基性-超基性杂岩体中圈定出铜镍矿体和铁矿(化)体。通过在分析矿床地质特征基础上,笔者认为研究区内的基性-超基性杂岩体,NW向分布的断裂带,Cu、Ni、Co、V、Ti等元素的土壤地球化学异常区,地表出露的皮壳状、蜂窝状铁帽是矿床重要的找矿标志。