准噶尔盆地南缘东段构造解析和构造解释模型建立

准噶尔盆地南缘山前带油气地质条件良好,但构造变形强烈、地震资料品质差且构造解释多解性强。通过南缘东段野外露头典型构造解析、“地质戴帽”、室内构造物理模拟实验、电法勘探中建场测深线的深度—电阻率反演剖面和地震资料解释,结合钻探结果,构建了南缘东段山前复杂带的构造—地层格架和叠瓦状冲断、多层次逆冲推覆的构造模型,探讨了山前复杂构造区低成像品质地震资料的构造解释模型建立的方法;明确逆冲断裂下盘的掩伏构造是下步勘探首选的目标类型。为南缘山前复杂构造带构造解释提供构造样式和断裂类型的参考,进一步为盆地南缘山前带的油气勘探和井位部署提供依据。该构造模型建立的方法在南缘西段山前复杂构造区的勘探目标评价中取得了良好的应用效果。     

西部煤炭采区三维地震勘探技术与效果

阐述了西部地区煤炭三维地震勘探地质和地球物理特征, 对三维地震勘探的观测系统设计、地震波的激发与接收条件选择、施工技术措施等进行了讨论, 通过几个地区的地震勘探数据采集实践, 说明在西部地区复杂的地形地质和地震地质条件下, 煤炭三维地震勘探同样可取得较好的地质效果。     

山前复杂构造须家河组致密储层裂缝发育带综合预测

川西龙门山山前的须家河组气藏为受断层和构造控制的裂缝-岩性气藏,针对这类裂缝性复杂气藏利用基于地质成因的地史时期应力场(应变)分析、沿层构造属性分析和叠前三维地震数据相干体分析等手段进行分析处理可以达到气藏裂缝发育带预测目的.实践表明,虽然在山前复杂构造带利用地震资料研究储层裂缝及其发育带确实有较大的难度,但联合运用基于应力场和断层与构造属性的裂缝综合预测方法,仍然在龙门山前须家河组气藏的应用研究中取得到令人满意的地质效果.     

基于渤中A区块气云区目标体的采集参数优化设计

在气云区由于地震波能量被吸收造成地震资料品质极差,受影响地震剖面会出现弱振幅、弱连续性特征和杂乱反射的模糊带,严重影响构造的落实以及进一步的钻探评价。目标采集设计技术是以地质目的为导向,对目标体在地震和地质充分分析的基础上进行论证的综合方法,包括基于地球物理模型的观测系统参数分析设计技术和基于地下模型的正演模拟照明技术。这里以渤海A区块气云区为实例,通过目标体采集优化设计,得到的地震资料信噪比高、波组特征丰富、成像清晰,地震资料品质大幅提升。应用效果分析表明,目标采集技术可以较好地解决复杂气云区的成像问题。     

山前带砾石区激发技术优化

复杂山前带是油气勘探的重要领域,具有良好的成藏条件,但由于其复杂的地表、近地表及复杂地下构造,造成该地区地震资料信噪比低,成像精度差。基于山前带砾石区的激发特点,笔者认为在山前激发点选取过程中可借助Google Earth平台进行点位设计,在激发点选取时应采取避高就低、避砾就岩、避陡就缓的原则;小排列层析反演技术能较好地结合小折射和微测井优点,适用于山前表层调查;井深设计时应尽量选择在速度较高、激发能量较强、激发频率高的介质中激发。ZD地区的采集资料显示,采用山前砾石区激发方式能较好地改善地震资料品质。     

南方复杂山前带观测系统压噪研究

中国南方复杂山前带都具有复杂地表和复杂构造的双复杂特征,地震资料品质普遍差,单炮资料信噪比低。由于复杂的地表条件,野外很难实现检波器大基距组合来压制长波长相干噪声,室内也无法有效地去除来自侧面的次生干扰。通过观测系统叠加响应研究和实例分析认为,在南方山前带利用观测系统进行压噪是一种比较有利的方式,缩小接收线距和炮线距能有效地减少噪声泄露,从而达到压噪的目的。     

煤田三维和二维地震勘探相结合的应用——以窑街矿区为例

针对勘探区复杂的地震地质条件,通过运用三维和二维地震勘探相结合的施工方案,采取合理的观测系统,选取有效的激发与接收因素等技术措施,依照设计精心组织野外施工,做好资料处理与解释,取得了较好的地质效果。实践证明这是一种有效的方法。     

准东地区复杂构造区山前火成岩成像处理技术探讨

火成岩油气藏作为一种非常规油气藏,越来越得到重视,成为世界油气产量新的增长点,准噶尔盆地东部石炭系火成岩发育,在近几年勘探攻关中,充分显示了该区山前带石炭系的勘探潜力。然而,火成岩对地震反射波具有很强的散射和屏蔽作用,造成地震资料信噪比低,成像差。准东地区石炭系火成岩具有埋藏较深,构造形态复杂,低降速带变化大,断裂发育等特点,加剧了火成岩地震资料的成像难度,制约了准东地区火成岩油气勘探的进程。这里主要以克拉美丽山山前带地震资料处理为例,提出了以保护低频信息为基础的保真去噪技术,以提高成像质量为目标的tomodel层析静校正技术,针对"高速层屏蔽"现象提出以常速扫描结合变速扫描为手段的速度分析方法。对该区偏移方法的适用性以及优选进行了分析和探讨,探索并总结出了一套适合在准噶尔盆地复杂构造区山前火成岩的成像处理技术,取得了较好的效果。     

五维规则化技术在溱潼断阶带地震资料处理中的应用

溱潼断阶带地区为多期次三维地震采集的拼接区,不同期次的三维观测系统参数差异大,采集面元大小、覆盖次数、偏移距、方位角等属性不同,统一面元处理导致部分地区出现空面元;地表条件复杂,导致实际炮检点偏离设计点位,观测系统采样点不均匀,不能满足叠前偏移对地震采集信息规则分布的要求,造成地震数据偏移中出现假频、画弧等问题。从实际应用角度分析了基于匹配追踪傅里叶变换的叠前五维数据规则化技术在溱潼断阶带这一观测系统严重不规则区域的适用性,五维规则化技术较好地解决了区内因野外采集观测系统差异造成的地震属性不规则问题,提升了地震资料的信噪比及成像质量。     

也门71区地震资料采集方法

也门71区地表地质条件异常复杂,特殊的地震地质条件,给地震采集带来施工和技术上的难题。通过分析工区地震地质条件、地质任务、以往资料质量等因素,对 71区地震资料采集方法进行研究,以2006年二维地震采集项目为例,说明采用混合震源采集、弯直线施工、观测系统、激发因素等措施,取得较好的结果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861