基于页面物理模拟的复杂介质地震波场特征分析

地震记录是地下介质的物性和形态变化的综合反映，对于金属矿等复杂介质地区做物理模拟时得到的地震记录的震相非常凌乱，直接对其进行解释是非常困难的。根据波场的更加原理，对原始设计的实验物理模型进行了分解和重新组合，制作了近似的页面物理模型来逐步逼近原始模型。通过分离模型地震记录的分析，准确地把握其波场特征，为实际的复杂介质模型地震波场的研究提供了依据，很好地解释了组合模型下地震波场的分析与识别问题。     

复杂地表相控震源正演模拟与照明分析

震源作为地震资料采集的重要组成部分,直接影响地震勘探效果。在实际勘探过程中,地表情况通常十分复杂,因此,研究复杂地表条件下相控震源的定向理论十分必要。本文基于复杂地表相控震源激发原理、有限差分数值模拟方法和波动方程照明分析理论,对简单的理论模型和地表起伏的Marmousi模型进行了相控震源地震波场的正演模拟和照明分析。模型试验结果表明：相控震源在复杂地表条件下可以定向激发地震波,改变震源的激发延时可以调整波场的传播方向,起到改善目标数据信噪比的作用;该方法对于简单的水平层状模型、楔形构造模型以及复杂的Marmousi模型均适用。     

西部山前带观测系统设计方法

山前复杂构造带是西部新区油气勘探的主攻领域之一,西部山前带由于其特殊的表层地震地质条件和深层复杂地质结构,造成静校正问题突出、地震波场复杂、地震资料信噪比低。针对这些难点提出了西部山前带观测系统设计方法,即基于真实地表的综合模型和叠前成像效果、结合CRP分析技术的观测系统设计技术,利用该技术在哈山西三维区块进行了观测系统优化设计,获得了较好的资料效果。     

大型双三轴气浮定位多道三维地震物理模拟系统及其应用

三维地震物理模拟技术作为一种重要的地震波传播特征的研究手段,与数值模拟相比具有结果更逼真、不受计算方法和边界条件限制等优点,是认识复杂构造地震波传播规律及其响应特征的有效方法之一,并在地震波传播基本规律研究、野外地震勘探方法验证、观测系统设计优化等方面具有重要的应用价值。为此研发一套大型双三轴气浮定位多通道三维地震物理模拟实验系统。该系统包括导轨和传动系统、运动控制系统、定位测量系统、物理模拟数据采集系统及安全系统等5部分,可实现大尺度物理模型高精度定位,多通道、高效率、高信噪比、高分辨率模型超声波信号采集等功能。利用该系统对模拟含断层、陷落柱、煤层变薄带多种构造的含煤地层三维地震物理模型进行数据采集试验,获得的整体成像效果与地震物理模型吻合,验证了该系统的可靠性和准确性。该系统的研制成功为煤炭地震勘探方法理论研究及实际生产应用提供了新的实验技术手段。      

多尺度随机孔洞介质地震波正演及其逆时成像

常规地震勘探理论无法完全解释复杂多变的地质特征,较难达到高精度地震资料处理的目的,因此必须发展适应复杂非均匀介质的地震波场传播理论,以更好地刻画真实的复杂构造、岩性、裂隙油气藏的特点。根据实际火山岩样的随机特征,构建了相应的多尺度组合型随机孔洞介质模型,并进行了高精度地震波正演数值模拟和逆时成像研究,制作了在不同频率条件下的自激自收剖面和逆时偏移剖面,计算结果表明,构建的多尺度随机孔洞介质模型可以有效模拟真实的地质变化特征,同时指出准确区分由地层随机非均匀性引起的散射波场响应和干扰信号是实现高分辨率地震勘探的前提。     

金属矿勘查中的地震理论模型研究

金属矿勘查中的地震波场十分复杂,使用传统的地震方法技术在解决金属矿勘查中的地质问题上有许多理论和方法技术的问题期待解决。笔者从复杂地震模型研究入手,通过对复杂地震波场的分析研究,试图为金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术研究提供一些理论依据。     

准噶尔盆地车38井区地震物理模型技术研究

利用地震物理模型技术,依据准噶尔盆地车38井区三维地震的地质解释成果,按一定的模拟相似比,制作一个三维物理模型.利用超声波反射技术,用2种观测系统对模型进行全三维数据采集.通过不同面元三维数据效果对比,提供针对不同地质目标确定面元大小的试验依据,提出从野外采集、资料处理到解释的成套方案.根据不同地震地质条件和勘探目标要求,应用模型正演技术可以指导合理确定三维地震勘探面元大小和其它采集参数.     

金属矿地震勘探物理模拟实验技术

在金属矿地震勘探的物理模拟中,实验技术研究是得到可靠实验结果的重要保证.通过控制环氧基混合材料混合比的实验,形成1 600～3 200m/s的速度差异,实现了对复杂岩性的模拟.在对山地模型的采集中,采用触点控制方式实现了高程测量和数据采集同步进行.采用页面模型模拟技术,实现了对复杂模型地震波总场信号的分解和归位.     

采空区二维超声波物理模型实验研究

由于对资源矿产的过度开采使得矿山地区(尤其是煤矿)出现了采空区,从而引起地表塌陷等地质灾害。为了深入了解地震方法在采空区调查中的应用效果,从超声波物理模型实验研究出发,论述了物理模型的原理和制作,研究了采空区的地震波场特征,并利用W inse is软件对所采集的二维超声波实验数据进行了处理。由叠偏剖面推断的采空区的位置与实际模型相符,从而验证了超声波采空区物理模型试验是有效的、可信的;同时可以为实际探测采空区提供进一步的理论依据。     

非均匀介质模型材料选择及成形技术

地震超声模拟试验多数是在均匀介质中,以简单的几何模型进行实验.用于碳酸盐岩地区,研究多层介质中三维地震的运动学正演问题则要求模拟非均匀介质中复杂模型的地震超声技术.其中一项重要的基础工作是研究非均匀介质的复杂模型成形技术,它包括二个内容:一是根据相似性准则选择制作模型的材料;二是复杂模型的成形加工.一、地质摸型进行模型试验的典型碳酸岩构造地质模型(苏北黄桥地区)大体分为三个构造层,各构造层之间的界面自上而下用A、B、C表示.超声物理模型试验只模拟A、B两个构造层位的地震记录.图1给出了这两个层位的构造图,它们的速度和密度参数分别由下表表示(见表1):二、材料选择     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861