福建海区的潮汐和潮流

本文根据实测资料和潮汐学基本理论,分析了福建海区潮波结构和特征、潮汐和潮流主要特征值的分布规律。结果表明,泉州湾以北海区潮汐很强,为半日潮;港湾区因受地形影响潮流很强,性质为半日潮;外海区潮流很弱,性质多为混合潮。福建南部海区潮汐很弱,性质多数是混合潮;潮流很强,性质为半日潮。     

Faithful quantum secure direct communication protocol against collective noise

An improved quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol is proposed in this paper. Blocks of entangled photon pairs are transmitted in two steps in which secret messages are transmitted directly. The single logical qubits and unitary operations under decoherence free subspaces are presented and the generalized Bell states are constructed which are immune to the collective noise. Two steps of qubit transmission are used in this protocol to guarantee the security of communication. The security of the protocol against various attacks are discussed.     

隐虾类与海洋无脊椎动物的共栖关系（Ⅱ）

４隐虾类与腔肠动物的共栖关系隐虾类似乎对腔肠动物特别感兴趣，与之共栖者最多，达３０属，但绝大多数是与珊瑚虫纲（Ａｎｔｈｏｚｏａ），特别是石珊瑚目（Ｓｃｌｅｒａｃｔｉｎｉａ）、柳珊瑚目（Ｇｏｒｇｏｎａｃｅａ）和海葵目（Ａｃｔｉｎｉａｒｉａ）共栖，这与珊瑚虫纲动物固着生活的习性，是珊瑚礁构造的主体，其结构，特别是群体的结构可形成大量的小空间，极适于隐虾类的生活习性大有关系以下分别简述隐虾类与腔肠动物各类群的共栖关系。４．１珊瑚虫纲４．１．１石珊瑚目隐虾类共有１８属４２种已确定与石珊瑚共栖，其中滨虾属…     

基于构造—地层学的隐蔽圈闭预测——以松南十屋断陷深层为例

综合运用高精度层序地层学、构造一地层学方法,认为十屋断陷深层发育的各类隐蔽圈闭是下一步勘探工作的重要目标。同时,由于构造对沉积的控制作用,在断陷内部不同的构造部位具有不同的隐蔽圈闭分布特征。十屋断陷西部皮家地区、北部张家屯一八屋地区位于油气主要运移指向区,分别由断裂坡折带和以挠曲型褶皱为特征的弯折带控制的储集砂体十分发育,盖层及保存条件也十分优越,是深部原生岩性、地层油气藏最有利的勘探目标区带。     

饵料对花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼存活和生长的影响

采用6种饵料分别投喂花尾胡椒鲷15日龄的仔鱼,15d后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后1d的死亡率。结果表明,投喂经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体或经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体加轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率最高（86％～98％）,生长快,捕苗操作后的死亡率低（0％～2．7％）;投喂轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率也较高（86％～88％）,但捕苗操作后的死亡率较高（5．9％～9．1％）,而生长最慢;投喂未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体,仔稚鱼成活率最低（68％～78％）,捕苗操作后的死亡率最高（48．3％～542％）;投喂桡足类或桡足类加轮虫,成活率较高（78％～90％）,捕苗操作后未发现死亡,但生长较慢。龙尾胡椒鲷15日龄仔鱼在停止投饵的情况下,4d即全部死亡。可以认为,经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的最佳饵料,桡足类也是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的优质饵料。     

Thermocline characteristics and phytoplankton dynamics in Agulhas Bank waters

Eastern and central Agulhas Bank waters are characterized by strong, shallow thermoclines and well developed subsurface maxima of phytoplankton biomass. The thermoclines are advectively maintained and as such are dynamically stable, but they do exhibit short-term variations in absolute temperature gradients. There are corresponding variations in subsurface phytoplankton biomass maxima. The water-column phytoplankton production maxima are generally situated in the biomass maxima because these are sufficiently shallow to ensure adequate light. Self-shading becomes a limiting factor with the development of high phytoplankton biomasses. Western Agulhas Bank waters are characterized by deeper thermoclines and less intense subsurface maxima of phytoplankton biomass. Due to the depth of the thermoclines the biomass maxima are generally situated below the depth of the 1-per-cent surface light intensity and, consequently, phytoplankton production is limited. Possible mechanisms for the maintenance of these deep chlorophyll maxima are discussed.     

海洋磁重数据库建设及关键技术研究

空间数据库建设是海洋磁重数据服务于国防和国民经济建设的基础性工作。在分析了海洋磁重数据的来源和特点之后,着重阐述了海洋磁重数据库建设方法、步骤和建库流程,并就建库过程中涉及的主要关键技术进行了讨论,给出了具体的实现方案。     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群,其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90 m深处,推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90 m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。     

生物表面活性剂及其在油污染生物修复技术中的应用

生物表面活性剂是由微生物等产生的具有表面活性的天然物质,其物化性质相近或优于人工合成的表面活性剂,并且具有环境兼容性和能够生物降解等特点,其应用前景十分广阔。系统地概述了生物表面活性剂的特性、种类及其在石油污染生物修复技术中的应用。     

A neural network based hybrid system for detection,characterization, and classification of short-duration oceanic signals

A comprehensive classifier system is presented for short-duration oceanic signals obtained from passive sonar, which exhibit variability in both temporal and spectral characteristics even in signals obtained from the same source. Wavelet-based feature extractors are shown to be superior to the more commonly used autoregressive coefficients and power spectral coefficients for describing these signals. A variety of static neural network classifiers are evaluated and are shown to compare favorably with traditional statistical techniques for signal classification. The focus is on those networks that are able to time-out irrelevant input features and are less susceptible to noisy inputs, and two new neural-network-based classifiers are introduced. Methods for combining the outputs of several classifiers to yield a more accurate labeling are proposed and evaluated. These methods lead to higher classification accuracy and provide a mechanism for recognizing deviant signals and false alarms. Performance results are given for signals in the DARPA standard data set I     

新型双排管桩丁坝在胜利油田孤东海堤保滩促淤中的应用

在胜利油田孤东海堤堤前滩地的保滩促淤工程中,目前普遍使用的丁坝结构形式,要么容易被破坏,要么造价高昂、施工难度极大,为此,我们引入了新型双排管桩丁坝。双排管桩丁坝是以管桩技术为基础的一种新型丁坝结构形式,详细介绍了它的结构,以及在保滩促淤工程中的实施过程,并对其优、缺点进行了分析比较,指出了它的改进方向和应用前景。     

隐虾类与海洋无脊椎动物的共栖关系(I)

研究论述了隐虾亚科这一珊瑚礁环境中引人注目的甲壳动物类群与软体动物、海鞘动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物和海绵动物等海洋无脊椎动物类群之间的共栖关系,并得出此亚科种类的共栖宿主以腔肠动物最多,其余以次为棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物和海鞘类被囊动物,以及每一种隐虾多以某一目的动物为宿主,宿主跨目者很少,跨纲者更少的结论。为该亚科的分类和进化以及珊瑚礁生态学研究提供了重要基础资料。     

麦哲伦海山群富钴结壳元素地球化学特征及赋存状态

为探究大洋富钴结壳的元素地球化学特征和赋存状态,以西太平洋麦哲伦海山群5个富钴结壳样品为研究对象,通过X射线衍射法、等离子体发射光谱法、等离子体质谱法及相态分析手段,分析了富钴结壳的矿物组成、主量元素和稀土元素含量。结果表明,富钴结壳样品主要结晶矿物为水羟锰矿,次要矿物包括石英、斜长石和钾长石,同时含有大量非晶态铁氧/氢氧化物。富钴结壳样品中Mn和Fe含量最高, Mn为16.87%～26.55%, Fe为14.34%～18.08%。富钴结壳明显富集稀土元素,其稀土总量为1 287～2 000μg/g,Ce含量为632～946μg/g,约占稀土总量的50%;轻稀土含量为1 037～1 604μg/g,重稀土含量为249～395μg/g,轻稀土元素明显高于重稀土元素。稀土元素配分模式呈现Ce正异常而Eu无异常,具有Ce富集特征。麦哲伦海山群富钴结壳是水成沉积成因,基本没有受到海底热液活动和成岩作用的影响。元素赋存状态与其矿物相密切相关, Na、K、Ca、Mg和Sr主要赋存于碳酸盐相, Mn、Ba、Co和Ni主要赋存于锰氧化物相, Fe、Al、P、Ti、Cu、Pb、V、Zn、Zr和REE主要...     

Groupiness of Sea Waves and Their Characteristic Parameters

Three methods for studying wave groups and their main parameters for describing wave groupiness are reviewed in this paper. Then they are analyzed and compared combined with field data from both aspects of group height and group length. A method and two parameters that can describe wave groupiness are suggested. The groupiness parameters of sea waves at three field stations are given. The effects of groupiness on both distributions of the wave height and the phase of component waves are investigated. The effects of datum length on the calculated value of grouping parameters are also discussed.     

解四阶拟线性波动方程的一类二阶差分格式

建立了解一类四阶拟线性耗散、色散波动方程初边值问题的Crank-Nicolson差分方法，并结合外推的技巧，给出了1个线性化方法；证明了差分解的存在唯一性；用能量估计的方法证明了此格式的二阶收敛性和无条件稳定性；给出了一些数值结果。     

潮间浅滩泥沙运移的现场观测和冲淤量的估算

首先介绍了在潮间浅滩观测泥沙远移的两种新工具──标志桩和沉沙盘的基本结构、工作原理和使用方法。然后通过实例阐明了利用标志桩、沉沙盘观测资料研究潮间浅滩冲淤变化及冲淤量估算的途径及方法。     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U₁₄和层U₂两期沙脊群,其中层U₁₄期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90m深处,推测属于距今320~200ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U₂期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105/a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U₂期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。     

东海表层沉积硅藻

1977年国家海洋局组织所属单位对东海大陆架进行了综合调查,采集了比较丰富的样品.有关资料报导了在东海大陆架有12种硅藻的记录,大陆坡11种,海槽区12种,如归并重复出现的种类,总计有20种硅藻.本文基本上用同一批材料对沉积硅藻的沉积问题,提出了我们的一些看法.     

The design of low frequency underwater acoustic projectors: presentstatus and future trends

The difficulties that dominate low-frequency projector design problems in sonar and oceanographic applications are discussed. These are related to the size of the projector, the low radiation resistance, the acoustic interaction effects in arrays, and the requirements due to deep submergence. Low-frequency projectors are described and compared, and future trends associated with transducer shapes and dimensions and with the type of active materials used for the driving part are analyzed. The different modeling approaches are discussed, and an insight into the respective advantages and disadvantages of classical equivalent circuit models and numerical models-mainly those using the finite-element method-is provided. Several modeling examples are briefly introduced     

胶州湾浮游植物遗传多样性及其季节变化研究

分别于春、夏、秋三季提取了胶州湾浮游生物总DNA,用PCR方法扩增了浮游植物核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化/氧化酶大亚基(rbcL)基因片段,构建了三季节rbcL基因片段质粒文库.随机从各文库中选择约50个克隆,测定了这些克隆的序列.以氨基酸序列相同为标准,共获得59个分类操作单元(OTUs),其中春季特有的21个,夏季特有的13个,秋季特有的23个.有两个OTUs为春、夏季表层海水共有.基于OTU丰度计算的香农氏指数能反映遗传多样性水平.胶州湾春、夏、秋三季的香农氏指数分别为2.69,2.44和2.76,表明秋季胶州湾浮游植物遗传多样性最丰富.春、夏、秋三季浮游植物群落组成差异显著.除夏秋季有两个OTUs相同外,其他OTUs在季节间完全不同.表层海水浮游植物群落结构是动态的,随时间、空间的不同而变化.