甘肃北山区域地下水流数值模拟研究

掌握区域地下水流场是高放废物地质处置场选址及适宜性评价的重要先置条件。甘肃北山高放废物处置预选区面积广、数据资料少,准确划分该区域地下水流场和高放废物预选区选址的安全性评价都存在难度。本研究采用地表流域划分方法、多相流数值模拟软件TOUGH2-MP/EOS3和GRACE重力卫星等方法,建立了区域地下水饱和-非饱和流模型,并完成了模型识别和参数率定,论证了模型的合理性和可靠性。研究结果表明:约1%的降水量入渗至地面以下;地形条件是影响地下水流场的主要因素,而气候条件对地下水流场形态影响相对较小;区域地下水流动系统由北向南可分为三个子系统（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）,其中高放废物地质处置场预选区位于研究区南部独立的地下水子系统Ⅲ中,且该子系统面积最小。本研究为面积广、实测数据资料较少的干旱地区提供了一套有效的数值模拟方法,研究结果可为预选区选址的安全性评价提供重要依据。     

山东荣成沽河流域水资源系统分析

流域水资源系统由降水产流，以及通过水文下垫面的转换，形成的地表径流和地下水流流组成。本文将复杂的沽河流域水 资源系统分解成多个子系统，利用频谱分析方法对各个水资源子系统的转换功能进行定量的分析刻画，并利用地下含水介质子系统的转换特征函数－频率响应函数求取水文地质参数，丰富了水文地质参数的获取途径。     

层次分析法(AHP)在三江平原地质环境质量评价中的应用

应用层次分析法(AHP)对影响三江平原环境地质质量的岩石、土壤和水3个子系统分别进行评价，通过分析影响各子系统的主要因子，建立子系统层次结构模型和质量指数数学模型，得出各子系统的质量指数，从而评价出各个子系统的质量状况。在此基础上，建立地质环境系统质量评价的层次结构模型和数学模型，计算出地质环境质量指数，并对该地区的质量状况进行评价，得出三江地区总体环境地质状况是好的结论。     

平顶山矿区地温信息管理系统研究

介绍了平顶山矿区地温信息管理系统软件(PGTIMS1.0)的设计思路。根据平顶山矿区地温信息的特点,该信息系统软件具有地温数据库、地温图形库、地温计算系统等三个子系统,可以进行地温信息管理、地温图形的管理、地温场中任意一点的地温计算。界面友好,操作方便。为科学地预测地下温度,评价地温环境、煤炭开发与热害治理之间的矛盾打下基础。      

第二松花江干流区地下水信息管理数据库系统开发与研制

介绍了第二松花江干流区地下水信息管理数据库系统的开发环境及总体设计。在分析与地下水有关的数据信息的基础上,提出了较为合理的地下水信息管理数据库系统的结构。将该系统按其功能分为5个子系统基础子系统、数据信息管理子系统、区域信息管理子系统、动态绘图子系统、水资源评价子系统,并对5个子系统的功能进行了详细阐述。     

基于熵权优化法的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价

对城市地下空间资源进行科学、合理的评价,是有效利用地下空间资源、编制地下空间规划的重要依据。基于影响地下空间资源开发利用的地质条件,分别构建了普通因子和敏感因子的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价体系,并对指标体系加以量化,采用熵权法计算指标权重,并利用AHP对熵权法进行优化。在此基础上,利用多目标线性加权函数法和最不利等级判别法进行地下空间地质适宜性评价,并以广东深圳市南山区为例开展地下空间资源评价。评价结果表明,深圳市南山区地下空间资源适宜性好的区域占47.81%,适宜性一般的区域占43.63%,适宜性差的区域仅占1.92%,禁建区占3.30%。该评价结果可为深圳市南山区的地下空间规划提供参考,评价模型和权重确定方法对未来地下空间资源地质适宜性评价具有一定借鉴意义。     

城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性评价方法对比分析

为了选择最优的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价模型,对地下空间进行资源科学、合理的评价,给地下空间开发提供合理的规划支持,笔者等选取了3种不同的模型,对其进行对比分析,总结其优缺点及适用条件,并以深圳市南山区为例进行地下空间资源地质适宜性评价,利用 ArcGIS生成了南山区地下空间资源地质适宜性评价分区图。评价结果表明,最不利等级判别法评价模型较为适用于南山区的地质适宜性评价,突出了敏感因子对于南山区地下空间开发的制约性作用。笔者等的研究对未来地下空间资源地质适宜性评价的模型选择具有一定借鉴意义,为深圳市南山区的地下空间规划提供一定的参考。     

城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性评价方法对比分析

为了选择最优的地下空间资源地质适宜性评价模型,对地下空间进行资源科学、合理的评价,给地下空间开发提供合理的规划支持,笔者等选取了3种不同的模型,对其进行对比分析,总结其优缺点及适用条件,并以深圳市南山区为例进行地下空间资源地质适宜性评价,利用 ArcGIS生成了南山区地下空间资源地质适宜性评价分区图。评价结果表明,最不利等级判别法评价模型较为适用于南山区的地质适宜性评价,突出了敏感因子对于南山区地下空间开发的制约性作用。笔者等的研究对未来地下空间资源地质适宜性评价的模型选择具有一定借鉴意义,为深圳市南山区的地下空间规划提供一定的参考。     

城市地下空间资源评价进展与展望

城市地下空间利用是拓展城市发展空间、优化城市空间布局、解决城市问题、提高城市治理能力及实现城市高质量发展的有效途径之一,对地下空间资源进行全面评价是保障地下空间安全利用的前提.文章系统分析了城市地下空间的资源属性及评价现状,梳理了目前主要的城市地下空间资源评价方法及其在不同城市的应用进展.当前,城市地下空间资源评价主要...     

梯级水电开发对生态地质环境影响评价的思路与方法初探

笔者在充分调研和综合分析研究金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河水电工程区岸坡生态地质环境条件和主要生态环境地质问题及其环境演化效应的基础上.按照分类评价思想和原理.初步探讨了流域梯级水电工程开发对生态地质环境影响评价的思路与方法,初步提出以斜坡(岸坡)稳定性评价子系统、水土流失与水库淤积评价子系统、生态环境演化评价子系统和社会经济发展影响子系统等四大类子系统为主干的梯级水电开发对生态地质环境影响评价系统.初步建立了四大类评价指标体系,讨论了评价方法与成果表达方式,供大家讨论。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861