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1.
青藏高原感热通量的变化及与江淮流域降水异常的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1979—2010年NCEP-R2再分析资料和全国586站降水资料, 对青藏高原感热通量进行小波变换和EOF分析, 并研究了它与江淮流域降水的关系。结果发现:高原感热通量具有2 a和8 a的变化周期。空间分布上主要有东、西反相变化和南、北反相变化以及全区一致性变化3种形态。高原感热通量与江淮流域降水异常的同期相关中, 1998年以来, 春季高原东部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大, 与此同期江淮流域降水偏少;夏季西藏西部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大, 与此同期江淮流域降水偏多。两者超前相关中, 江淮流域降水对春季的感热通量变化最敏感。1998年以来, 当春季高原东南部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大时, 江淮流域的夏季降水偏多, 秋季降水偏少;当春季高原感热通量东部偏小, 西部偏大时, 江淮流域的冬季降水以长江为界南多北少, 次年春季降水偏少。  相似文献   

2.
利用1951~2000年我国西北干旱、半干旱区地温、气温和表面风场逐日4个时次(北京时间2、8、14和20时)的台站观测资料,以及NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料,计算并比较了在我国西北地区春夏季感热输送的差异。分析结果表明:NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40的感热输送再分析资料都能显示出我国西北地区是欧亚大陆上的感热中心之一。从年代际时间尺度上,ERA-40再分析资料的感热资料更接近于实际台站观测资料计算得到的感热资料。  相似文献   

3.
基于1970—2015年青藏高原地区78个站点的观测资料,应用物理方法计算了高原中东部地区的感热通量。利用小波分析、相关性分析等研究了高原中东部感热通量的时空特征和影响因子。结果表明,高原年平均和春夏季节,感热通量周期为3~4 a,而秋冬季节为2~3 a;感热通量的变化趋势为,1970—1980年和2001—2015年感热通量呈增加趋势,而1981—2000年呈减小趋势;高原年平均和各季节的最强感热加热中心均位于高原南坡E区(除冬季外),最弱加热区域位于高原西北部A区(夏季除外);高原春秋季节感热通量的空间分布均匀,冬夏季节有明显的梯度分布且梯度相反,夏季呈现自东到西的梯度;春季、夏季及秋季,高原感热通量和降水呈负相关;高原10 m风速的极值中心随季节北上南撤变化与地气温差的强弱变化共同决定了感热通量的季节变化。  相似文献   

4.
干旱区热力学粗糙度特征及对感热通量估算的影响   总被引:9,自引:9,他引:9  
贾立  王介民  胡泽勇 《高原气象》2000,19(4):495-503
利用HEIFE的实测资料估算了黑河实验区几个沙漠戈壁表面上的热力学粗糙度(以附加阻尼kB^-1的形式),发现在任一测站kB^-1值的变化范围较大,同时分析了附加阻尼项在估算感热通量时的作用,而忽略该附加阻尼将会导致对感热通量的明显高估,提出在利用阻尼型公式计算感热通量时,不能采用简单的z0m=z0h的假设,否则会带来较大误差。  相似文献   

5.
利用测站常规观测资料及经验公式计算得到我国南方地区地表感热通量资料,并分析了地表感热通量的时空变化特征。一年四季中,南方西部地区的感热通量基本都是呈线性增加趋势,而中、东部地区的感热通量则是线性减小的;南方地区感热通量的时间变化以年际变化为主。地气温差是决定地表感热通量逐年变化的最主要因子,近地面风速次之。地表感热通量年际分量的经验正交函数分解结果表明,四季感热通量异常的第一种主要变异模态皆为全区同号的分布型,而第二主要变异模则是呈东西反号的分布型。   相似文献   

6.
青藏高原作为世界第三极,其热力强迫作用不仅对亚洲季风系统的发展和维持十分重要,也会对大气环流场产生深远影响。利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA-Interim中1979-2016年3-10月青藏高原及其周边地区的地表热通量月平均再分析资料,通过分析得出以下结论:3-5月青藏高原主体由感热占据,感热强度快速上升且呈西高东低的分布态势,潜热强度较小但随时间而增强。季风爆发后的6-8月,青藏高原感热强度减弱,潜热强度迅速增强且呈东高西低的分布特征。季风消退后的9-10月,感热与潜热强度相当,但感热呈现出西高东低的分布特征。过去38年,青藏高原地表感热总体呈现微弱下降趋势,潜热呈较弱上升趋势。青藏高原西部地区感热呈微弱下降趋势,潜热呈上升趋势。东部感热呈较为明显的下降趋势且近年来变化趋势增强,东部潜热通量则呈现较为明显的上升趋势,分析结论与近期全球变暖条件下青藏高原气候变暖变湿这一变化状况一致,通过对青藏高原地表热通量的变化分析为下一步运用第三次青藏高原大气科学试验所获资料分析青藏高原上空大气热源的变化以及地表加热场如何影响大气环流奠定基础。   相似文献   

7.
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所(IAP/CAS)含有动态植被过程的海-陆-气耦合模式AVIlVI-GOAIS的积分结果,与ERA-40再分析资料的感热和潜热通量场进行对比分析,结果表明:AVIM-GOALS模拟的感热和潜热通量的气候态、季节变化等特征和ERA-40一致,其中感热通量的纬向分布为双峰型,而潜热通量从1~7月...  相似文献   

8.
中国北方干旱区感热及潜热的异常特征   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7  
通过对1949—1999年逐月NCEP/NCAR感热通量和潜热通量再分析资料的分析,发现在我国北方干旱区感、潜热通量的年际变化存在着2~3个敏感区,分别位于西北和华北及内蒙一带。其中以东部的华北—内蒙区最为显著。代表上述两个地区通量的平均年际变化表明,在20世纪60年代后期,感、潜热通量存在一个突变;进入70年代以后,上述两个地区的感热通量保持在一个较高的水平上,潜热通量的变化则呈现出相反的变化。  相似文献   

9.
西北干旱区是欧亚大陆夏季感热输送的高值区,此区域感热输送对东亚季风气候系统的变异有重要影响。然而,再分析资料的感热通量在此区域存在很大的不确定性,影响该地区感热变化对东亚区域气候影响的认识。本文基于敦煌戈壁站2001~2014年夏季的观测数据,评估了NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE、ERA-Interim和JRA-55这4套再分析产品的感热通量。敦煌戈壁站的感热通量是根据敦煌戈壁站常规观测数据和Y08方案计算得到,代表敦煌戈壁站的实际感热。结果显示,戈壁站夏季感热多年平均约为85.7 W m-2,但受局地降水的影响存在较大的波动;再分析资料的感热通量之间存在很大的不确定性,与观测相比,ERA-Interim的感热通量在大小和变化上好于其他再分析资料,在没有局地性降水的影响时比较接近观测。进一步分析了再分析感热与观测差异的原因。研究表明,再分析资料中的地表风速和地气温差与粗糙度设置和热力参数化方案相关联。各再分析资料均不同程度地低估了敦煌戈壁站的地气温差(观测值约6.5°C),这主要是由于再分析系统中对戈壁下垫面的粗糙度设置偏高以及热力参数化方案不太适用于戈壁下垫面造成的。相对而言,ERA-Interim的参数化方案在戈壁下垫面优于其他再分析产品的参数化方案,使得ERA-Interim的地气温差相对其他再分析资料更接近实际观测,感热通量较为合理。  相似文献   

10.
亚洲季风区地面感热通量的区域变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用1979-1995年(缺1986、1987、1993)NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中的逐旬感热通量资料,对亚洲季风区地面感热通量的空间结构及时间演变进行了旋转经验正交函数(REOF)分析。结果表明:印度半岛和中南半岛地区感势通量的变化与亚洲季风的爆发及演变有密切关系,是季风爆发的主要关键区。这两个地区的感热积累是东亚季风爆发的触发因素之一,尤其是印度半岛北部感热通量的突变对印度夏季风演变十分重要。印度半岛北部与青藏高原西部的热力差异在季风的爆发和维持中占有重要地位。而东北亚与西北太平洋的热力差异只对东亚夏季风的演变有影响,与冬季风则无直接关联。在东亚季风的爆发中居主导地位的还是印度半岛北部和青藏高原西北部的感热加热作用。  相似文献   

11.
As the "Third Pole of the World," the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important thermal forcing to the South Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and even the global atmospheric circulation. In this paper, surface heat fluxes from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data during March-October of 1979-2016 in the TP and its surrounding areas are examined and analyzed. The results are as follows.(1) From March to May (before the ASM onset), the main body of the TP is dominated by sensible heat flux, which increases rapidly with high (low) values in the west (east), while the change of latent heat flux is small but it increases with time.(2) From June to August (after the ASM onset), sensible heat flux over the TP decreases, while latent heat flux increases rapidly with high (low) values in the east (west).(3) From September to October (after the ASM withdrawal), sensible and latent heat fluxes are comparable to each other in strength, again with high (low) sensible heat flux in the west (east).(4) During 1979-2016, surface sensible heat flux in the whole TP shows a slightly downward trend, while latent heat flux shows an increasing trend. Specifically, in the western TP, sensible (latent) heat flux shows a weak decreasing (an increasing) trend;while in the eastern TP, sensible (latent) heat flux decreases (increases obviously). These variations are consistent with the observed warming and moistening in the TP region. The above results are useful for further analysis of the change of atmospheric heat sources and surface heat fluxes over the TP based on the data from the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ).  相似文献   

12.
Results from large-eddy simulations and field measurements have previously shown that the velocity field is influenced by the boundary layer height, z i , during close to neutral, slightly unstable, atmospheric stratification. During such conditions the non-dimensional wind profile, φ m , has been found to be a function of both z/L and z i /L. At constant z/L, φ m decreases with decreasing boundary layer height. Since φ m is directly related to the parameterizations of the air–sea surface fluxes, these results will have an influence when calculating the surface fluxes in weather and climate models. The global impact of this was estimated using re-analysis data from 1979 to 2001 and bulk parameterizations. The results show that the sum of the global latent and sensible mean heat fluxes increase by 0.77 W m−2 or about 1% and the mean surface stress increase by 1.4 mN m−2 or 1.8% when including the effects of the boundary layer height in the parameterizations. However, some regions show a larger response. The greatest impact is found over the tropical oceans between 30°S and 30°N. In this region the boundary layer height influences the non-dimensional wind profile during extended periods of time. In the mid Indian Ocean this results in an increase of the mean annual heat fluxes by 2.0 W m−2 and an increase of the mean annual surface stress by 2.6 mN m−2.  相似文献   

13.
亚非感热异常时空特征及其与我国降水异常的关系   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
运用多年全球感热通量数据进行经验正交函数(EOF)分析,得到感热异常关键区。运用小波分析等方法发现,全球地表感热异常存在振荡现象,东半球在年际、年代际尺度上,地表感热异常主要以青藏高原东、西部的反相以及高原西部和北非的反相为热力异常振荡的主要分布形态。再运用中国月平均降水资料进行EOF分析,得到各个感热异常关键区与中国华北、江淮和华南地区汛期降水异常的相关关系,其中北非、青藏高原西北部和马来半岛这3个区域的感热距平之间有较大的相关关系,且感热异常季节变化较小,对我国东部地区降水的影响比较稳定,持续性较好。  相似文献   

14.
杜钦  高阳华  黄静  高松 《暴雨灾害》2021,24(2):208-215

基于通量观测、邻近自动气象观测站和ERA5-Land再分析数据,结合重庆西部暴雨个例,讨论了重庆山地通量观测资料的可靠性和适用性,并对通量观测在2019年度的不同时间尺度变化特征进行分析,结果如下:(1)通量站与邻近气象站有相似的气象背景,通量观测相对于ERA5-land再分析资料更能反映出地表感热和潜热通量在降水期间的时间演变情况,该数据是可靠的,通量站的降水量可以用邻近站点平均降水量代替。(2)三种通量及其增量与温度、相对湿度、风速和降水均呈现出不同的相关关系,其中动量通量与降水和风速为正相关;感热和潜热通量与温度、风速为正相关,与相对湿度为负相关;槽上站的潜热和感热通量的增量与局部降水为负相关,这些特征均表明通量观测可以用于该次暴雨研究中。(3)感热、潜热通量的季节和月变化特征表明在长时间尺度上,地面对大气主要表现为加热和蒸发作用,动量通量的季节变化特征表明春季湍流运动最强而秋季最弱;潜热和感热通量的日变化主要表现为单峰型,即白天以增温和蒸发为主,夜间以冷却和凝结为主;动量通量的日变化也以单峰型为主,即白天湍流活动较强,夜间相对较弱,只有金佛山站在春夏秋三季表现出双峰型,即在夜间也有会出现湍流活动增强的情况。

  相似文献   

15.
Reanalysis datasets have been very popular for understanding the general circulation as well as verifying general circulation models. The most recent versions of global reanalysis datasets prepared by ECMWF (“ERA-40”) and NCEP (“NDRa2”) are examined in this article. The NDRa2 data are regridded to the resolution (2.5° × 2.5° longitude and latitude) of the ERA-40 public data. Primary variables that both relate to the atmosphere's general circulation and are readily available are compared and contrasted. Significant differences are found in the primary circulation variables and energetics. The zonal mean Hadley cells are stronger in ERA-40, but differences in temperature and moisture make the poleward heat transport by the cells more similar in the two datasets. The subtropical and polar night jet streams are stronger in ERA-40 data as is kinetic energy. The surface energy budgets differ in that ERA-40 data have greater sensible heat flux into the air, while NDRa2 data have greater latent heat flux. The result is NDRa2 has more moisture in the subtropics; ERA-40 data have more moisture in the tropics. Geographically, the two datasets have notable differences in their treatment of the intertropical convergence zone (ICZ). The ICZ over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is narrower and stronger in ERA-40 data. The ICZ over the western Pacific and Indian oceans is generally stronger in NDRa2 data, one consequence is a stronger tropical easterly jet in NDRa2 data over the Indian Ocean in JJA. Both datasets have a double ICZ in the western half of the Pacific in DJF; in JJA ERA-40 retains that double ICZ but NDRa2 largely does not. Beyond the handling of the ICZ, the datasets differ in tropical zonal mean zonal wind, ERA-40 data in DJF has zonal mean upper troposphere tropical westerlies where NDRa2 data have easterlies; this difference may imply a different amount of interhemispheric communication. The datasets also have strong disagreements in regions of large-scale higher topography.  相似文献   

16.
宁亮  钱永甫 《高原气象》2006,25(3):357-365
利用EOF方法,分析了NCEP/NCAR 1948—2002年再分析资料中月平均全球地面感热资料,揭示了北非和青藏高原感热的振荡特征。分析了振荡关键区的感热距平与我国东部51个测站1951—2000年汛期降水距平的相关关系,用SVD方法分析了关键区感热距平场与我国东部51个测站全年各月降水距平场的空间耦合和时滞关系及关键区感热异常对我国东部降水异常的影响。结果表明,北非和青藏高原两个区域的感热变化呈负相关,它们对我国华北、江淮和华南三个区域的汛期降水滞后影响明显。感热对我国降水的影响以年代际为主。  相似文献   

17.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Using the observed monthly precipitation and NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction)reanalysis surface flux data from 1951-2000, the connections between the seasonal SSHNF (Surface Sensible Heat Net Flux) over the Asian continent and the regional summer precipitation of China were examined.The patterns of collective and individual correlations were identified. The results indicate that the responseof the regional summer precipitation of China to the seasonal SSHNF over the study area varies according to region and season. The interannual variability of summer precipitation anomalies over Xinjiang, the northernmost Northeast China, and the North China Plain are most sensitive to the anomaly of the seasonal SSHNF. There are significant collective correlations between the interannual anomalies of the seasonal SSHNF and summer precipitation over these regions. In contrast, the Southeast Tibetan Plateau,Huaihe River Valley, and surrounding areas exhibit the least significant correlation. Significant individual correlations exist between the summer precipitation over the southernmost Northeast China, East Inner Mongolia, South of the Yangtze River and South China and the seasonal SSHNF in certain seasons over the following areas: near Lake Baikal and Lake Balkhash, near Da Hinggan Mountains and Xiao Hinggan Mountains, as well as the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

18.
夏季青藏高原下垫面感热异常的诊断研究   总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15  
李栋梁  章基嘉 《高原气象》1997,16(4):367-375
  相似文献   

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