基于虚拟水理论的“一带一路”沿线国家水资源承载力分析（英文）

"一带一路"沿线国家大多面临水资源短缺情况,水资源能否支撑其经济社会发展关系到"一带一路"倡议的顺利实施。本文构建水资源承载力评价指标体系,对各评价指标进行分级和权重分配,并对沿线65个国家的水资源承载指标进行了计算,同时结合虚拟水理论,分析中国重点大宗类农产品国际贸易的净进口虚拟水含量。对沿线一半以上的国家来说,他们的水资源将无法支撑他们的经济发展,而经济发展是实现该倡议目标所必需的。中国作为水资源承载力不足的国家,在虚拟水贸易中属于虚拟水净进口国家,虚拟水贸易有利于中国提高水资源支撑能力,对未来保障中国水资源安全、食物安全都有积极意义。     

中国能源-粮食生产对水资源竞争的关系——基于水足迹的视角

通过对水-能源-粮食系统的定量分析,能更好的探究三者之间的协同作用,对提高区域资源综合利用效率、促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于水足迹视角探讨了1990—2017年中国31个地区能源-粮食生产对水资源的竞争关系,并借助ESTDA模型框架对其时空动态特征进行分析。结果表明:①中国化石能源水足迹的时间演变特征可分为缓慢下降-快速上升-平稳下降3个阶段,其中化石能源灰水足迹平均占化石能源水足迹的70%以上;电力水足迹呈持续上升态势,其中电力蓝水足迹平均占电力水足迹的70%以上;粮食蓝水足迹上升幅度明显,平均占农业用水总量的70%以上。②能源-粮食水足迹总量空间分布格局受区域资源禀赋差异影响较大。③时间序列上,中国能源-粮食生产对水资源竞争指数呈逐年上升态势;空间分布上,同时兼顾能源生产与粮食生产的黄河中下游区、东北地区为竞争指数高值集聚区,其余地区竞争指数相对较小。④ LISA时间路径分析显示,中国南方地区能源-粮食水资源竞争指数的空间格局的稳定性比北方更强;各地区在不同程度上均受局部结构的时空依赖效应影响;竞争指数空间格局变化具有较强的整合性且空间凝聚性较强。⑤能源-粮食生产对水资...     

中国可持续发展研究进展（英文）

Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows:(1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research;(2) China's central government foundations(the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources;(3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and(4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded.     

中国生态交错带（英文）

生态交错带（Ecotone）是指两个群落或两类生态系统之间的过度带,具有脆弱、敏感和易变等特性。20世纪70年代以来,在典型生态系统研究的基础上,生态交错带逐步成为生态学研究的重点。中国地域广阔,地质、气候、植被等生态类型复杂多变,蕴育了不同类型、不同尺度和不同规模的多种生态交错带,不仅为科学研究奠定了广阔空间,而且对我国经济、社会发展,以及文化多样性保护具有重要支撑作用。本文根据我国大尺度下生态交错带的地理分布及其生态环境特点,构建了以土地利用类型、自然气候特征和农业经济发展＂三位一体＂指标体系,并以此为依据对中国典型生态交错带进行了划分和空间分布范围的界定;在此基础上,分别对北方森林草原交错带、北方农牧交错带、西北荒漠绿洲交错带、西南川滇农林牧交错带和东部海陆交错带的动态变化、基本特征和存在问题进行了研究,对全面认识我国生态交错带自然演变规律,促进区域生态环境保护和优化经济发展具有重要意义。     

中国沿海生态系统的环境污染分析（英文）

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,空气污染和土地水污染问题备受关注。然而,中国沿海生态系统的环境污染问题也非常严重,而且并未引起足够的重视。基于中国国家统计局和中国沿海海洋环境监测收集的经济发展和海洋生态系统环境污染数据,分析了中国沿海生态环境污染总量以及渤海、黄海、东海和南海等四大海域的污染情况。经过分析,本文认为,中国沿海不同海域的沿海海洋环境污染存在差异,在海水质量、在超标污染物、入海河流水质和赤潮等沿海海洋环境特征指标方面均存在明显差异。根据研究结果,对改进中国海洋生态环境管理提出了一些政策建议。     

张家口市水资源安全风险空间分异研究（英文）

张家口市地处生态脆弱的农牧交错地带,地表水资源匮乏,地下水超采严重,可利用的地表水资源有限。同时,张家口市又处于京津冀协同发展中的水源涵养区,其水资源安全对于整个京津冀至关重要。根据水资源安全风险大小进行水资源分区管理和决策工作意义重大。本文在遵循科学性、可比性、可操作性和数据可获取性原则指导下,构建水资源安全风险评价指标体系,利用层次分析法求取指标权重,采用数理统计和3S技术空间分析获取张家口市基于水资源分区的以县域为单位的多源数据,进行数据归一化处理和加权水资源安全风险评价,结果表明:张家口市水资源安全风险在地貌单元与县域行政尺度上和在流域尺度上分异明显。坝上高风险区面积较大,但高风险极端值在坝下市辖区;流域尺度上水资源安全高风险区分布在内陆河流域和永定河流域,所辖的滦河流域、潮白河流域、大青河流域水资源安全风险值呈现由北向南降低的趋势。坝上偏西偏北区域,"孕灾环境脆弱性"对水资源安全风险的贡献率最大,坝下农区农业用水虽然会挤占其它产业发展和生态用水空间,在水资源禀赋不足的条件下,市辖区城市人口的集聚和工业经济的发展造成的水资源数量短缺和水环境污染所引发的水资源安全风险更大。张家口市水资源安全风险的空间分异研究,可为农牧交错带水资源安全风险分区管理和决策工作提供重要科学参考。     

基于2000–2018年产量数据的中国木地板生态足迹评估（英文）

为了鼓励生产者和消费者的环境责任,在森林管理过程中评估林产品的环境影响十分重要。生态足迹(EF)是一个评估产品自然资本消耗与环境影响的国际认可指标。木地板为一种三级林产品,本文通过转换的方法分别建立了三种木地板生态足迹核算模型,同时基于产量数据评估了 2000-2018年三种类型木地板的生态足迹大小。文章所需数据通过对典型的木地板企业调研以及查询相关文献获得。研究结果表明:实木地板、实木复合地板以及强化木地板2000-2018年的平均生态足迹分别为3.13×10~6、1.05×10~7和5.07×10~6 gha,累计总生态足迹分别为5.95×10~7、1.99×10~8和9.64×10~7 gha。三种类型木地板不同年份间生态足迹的变异系数分别为0.45、0.87和0.76。实木复合地板的平均生态足迹和总生态足迹均为最大。同时,实木复合地板的人均生态足迹和单位生态足迹也均为最大。2000-2018年,三种类型木地板生态足迹大小均呈现不规则的增加趋势。为了降低木地板行业总的生态足迹,可以考虑降低实木复合地板的生态足迹或者使用环境友好型的实木地板。     

中国贫困村致贫因素分析及贫困类型划分（英文）

Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error(LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages' poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that:(1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang.(2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions.(3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type.(4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of pov-erty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources.     

中国城市新区的空间生产及其演化逻辑（英文）

New Urban Districts(NUDs) are the important spatial carriers to promote urban expansion or transformation. Since the 1990 s, they have been playing a more and more crucial role in China's urbanization. For NUDs in the strict sense we found that: 96% to the east of Hu Line; 56% within the municipal districts; 64% within 36 km from their every city center and below the area of 423 km~2. The regional distribution follows significant spatial difference as "Eastern Region(50%) – Central Region(42%) – Western Region(8%)", and the provinces with the largest number of NUDs are Guangdong, Henan, Zhejiang, Liaoning, and Jiangsu. Furthermore, their interesting constructed process highlights the typical characteristics of spatial production and spatial dialectic. This paper uses the theory of the production of space, and discovers that the growth of NUDs is a rapid ternary dialectical process of spatial production: "representations of space" is guided by the top-down governmental power; "spatial practice" is reflected in the hierarchical and regional difference of spatial elements, such as the type, pattern, distance and area of NUD; "spaces of representation" embodies the tension between governmental power and urban development rights, as well as the countermeasure mechanism. The extensibility of spatiotemporal sequences ensures the unity and continuity of spatial(re)production of NUDs. However, this is also facing a series of challenges like the management coordination of administrative division and the increasing unbalanced or inadequate development. Thus, critically rethinking the evolution of NUD is the key basis for achieving sustainable urban renewal and regional orderly development in the new era.     

从中国视角看埃塞俄比亚农业生产与粮食安全（英文）

粮食安全和农业可持续发展一直是科学研究的热点议题,特别是在2016年受饥饿影响的人口数量出现增长之后。由自然灾害和战争等因素引起的饥饿现象在埃塞俄比亚反复发生并且伴随的持续时间很长,这一直困扰着埃塞俄比亚的发展。而不同于埃塞俄比亚,虽然在上个世纪同样面临着饥饿带来的严峻挑战,中国却成功地在较短时间实现了国家粮食的自给自足。在两个国家不同的环境与社会政治的背景下,通过两个国家异同的对比为埃塞俄比亚的发展与粮食自给自足的早日实现提供重要的教训和见解。介绍中国与埃塞俄比亚向粮食安全的目标迈进的历程,量化两国农业生产的差距所在。我们发现埃塞俄比亚的粮食生产受着干旱、土地退化、气候变化、农业生产技术落后以及贫穷的严重阻碍。根据以上面临的挑战,总结了中国在面临这些问题时所采取的相应的响应措施,并结合埃塞俄比亚当前国内的状况来指出实现粮食自给自足的解决方案。     

中国自然地域系统研究（英文）

Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system(TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950 s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts' brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development.     

中国经济地理学研究进展（英文）

Economic geography in China's mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that(1) economic geography research in China's mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions;(2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas;(3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China's mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development.     

中国交通地理研究进展（英文）

As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.     

中国数字地形学研究进展（英文）

Geomorphometry,the science of digital terrain analysis(DTA),is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science(GIS).Given that 70% of China is mountainous,geomorphological research is popular among Chinese scholars,and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research.In this paper,we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature.There are three major areas of progress:digital terrain modelling methods,DTA methods,and applications of digital terrain models(DTMs).First,traditional vector-and raster-based terrain modelling methods,including the assessment of uncertainty,have received widespread attention.New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector,high-fidelity,and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research.Second,in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives,geomorphological features,and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs,DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata,ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures.Third,DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change,analysis of various typical regions,lunar surface and other related fields.Clearly,Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry.Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis,particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions.     

中国产业地理研究进展（英文）

The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special attention to industrial agglomeration and industrial clusters. The increasing industrial agglomeration and development of industrial clusters have been the prominent characteristics of dynamics of industrial landscape in China. The major driving forces of China's industrial geography include economic globalization, decentralization and regional competition and rebuilding of regional advantages. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research focus.     

哈萨克斯坦草地生态系统压力的时空动态分析（英文）

受气候变化和政策因素的影响,哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区生态退化和草畜矛盾最为突出的国家。研究哈萨克斯坦草地承载状态对认识草地生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应尤为重要。本研究基于哈萨克斯坦遥感数据和畜牧业统计数据,以生态系统的供给与消耗为基础,分析哈萨克斯坦草地生态系统与承载状态的格局变化。结果表明:(1)2003–2017年,哈萨克斯坦牲畜养殖数量呈现持续平稳增长的趋势,受冻害影响,在2011年数量有所减少,牲畜养殖结构空间差异不明显。(2)哈萨克斯坦草地供给量波动上升,而畜牧业生产消耗量持续增加,导致草地承载压力不断增加。(3)2003–2017年间,哈萨克斯坦整体的草地承载状态一直呈现富余状态,但草地承载压力指数呈现平稳上升趋势,草地承载压力较大的地区主要位于草地生产力低下的克孜勒奥达尔州、耕地集中的南哈萨克斯坦州和北哈萨克斯坦州,并逐渐向农牧交错区和半荒漠带推进。     

近30年中国茶叶生产时空演变格局及其驱动力分析（英文）

As a daily necessity and an important cash crop in China and many other countries, tea has received increasing attention. Using production concentration index model and industry' s barycenter theory, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of tea production and barycenter movement trajectory of tea plantations and production in China between 1986 and 2015. Driving forces of the movement were also analyzed. From 1986 to 2000, tea production in China's Mainland of grew slowly(by 210×10~3 t). The continuous increase in tea yield per unit area was the primary contributor(more than 60%) to the growth in tea production during this period. Since China joined the World Trade Organization(WTO) in 2001, tea production has grown rapidly, by 1.59×10~6 t between 2001 and 2015. The increase in the tea plantations area is the main contributor. Over the last 30 years, the barycenters of tea production in China have moved westward from the Dongting Lake Plain to the eastern fringe of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Guizhou, Guangxi, and Sichuan in southwestern China have gradually become regions of new concentrated tea plantations and main tea production provinces. Lower cost of land and labor in southwestern China are the main drivers of the westward movement of China's tea industry. In addition, supportive policies and the favorable natural geographical environment contribute to the westward movement of tea industry. Our research highlights the spatio-temporal variation of China's tea production in the last three decades. The result indicates importance to make appropriate policies to promote the development of tea industry in China.     

吉林省西部玉米生产水足迹研究

玉米是吉林省西部的主要农作物,通过在吉林省西部开展玉米大田试验,探讨在相同的土壤及农田管理条件下,不同试验年份玉米生产需水及水分来源的变化规律,通过比较分析玉米生产水足迹的动态变化,实现水资源的合理利用,保护生态环境,促进农业的可持续发展。3 a大田试验的研究结果表明,玉米生产水足迹以绿水足迹为主,占80%以上,蓝水足迹不足1%,灰水足迹介于10%～20%之间。而在绿水足迹中,降水较充足的年份,有效降水足迹占70%以上,一般干旱年份有效降水足迹占一半,极端干旱年份有效降水足迹则只占30%,这将对土壤水分平衡带来不利影响。3a中,单位质量玉米蓝水量约0.005～0.006 m3/kg,占单位质量玉米需水量的比例低于1%;单位质量玉米绿水量为0.559～0.839 m3/kg,占单位质量玉米需水量的99%以上;单位质量玉米灰水量为0.099～0.122 m3/kg。通过对玉米生产水足迹的研究,明确了绿水在吉林省西部雨养农业粮食安全中的重要地位。     

中国贸易隐含碳净出口的流向及原因分析（英文）

本文使用投入产出模型,基于最新的GTAP8数据库,分析了2004年和2007年中国与发达国家和发展中国家贸易隐含碳流向、结构及变化,结果显示中国均为隐含碳净出口国。基于LMDI法对隐含碳净出口进一步分解发现,影响中国对发达国家和发展中国家隐含碳净出口的因素不同,贸易顺差和排放系数差异是导致中国对发达国家隐含碳净出口的关键因素,行业结构差异和排放系数差异是影响中国对发展中国家净出口的关键原因。这与发达国家、中国和其他发展中国家在全球产业链中的分工密切相关。2004-2007年,中国出口结构逐渐转向高端制造业,生产技术逐渐接近发达国家水平。未来随着中国国内技术进步和产业升级、出口结构优化,隐含碳净出口将会下降,贸易对中国碳排放的驱动力会减弱。     

食物安全生产的地理环境背景（英文）

食物是人类生存和健康所必需的,而食物中的有毒、有害物质会损害和威胁人体健康。安全的食物关系到我们每一个人的健康与生命。同时,食物生产离不开其所处的地方,也就是地理环境,即自然环境和人文环境两大部分的统一整体。我国幅员广阔,地理环境复杂多样,不同区域的食物生产格局差异明显,加之各地社会经济文化条件迥异,都会对食物安全产生巨大的影响。本文以我国食物生产的地理区域为基础,结合工农业生产活动产生的主要环境问题,揭示食物安全与健康的相关风险,进而提出对策建议。本文纳入的主要食品安全有关的环境问题包括:过度使用农药和化肥、主要种植区重金属高环境背景值、废水和重金属的大量排放、在畜禽养殖和水产品中过量使用添加剂和抗生素。这些环境问题均可对食品安全带来风险,进而对健康带来损害。由于环境-食品安全-健康涉及自然、社会、经济等多个方面,它既是科学问题,又是政治问题,也是经济问题,还是法律问题,同时也是社会问题,并具有明显的区域差异。因此,需要从总体上重视,开展多学科的综合研究,揭示不同类型区的环境-食物安全-健康危害度与风险性;需要对生态系统变化、环境污染和膳食营养及生活方式改变引起的健康问题,进行系统和综合的风险评价,特别是区域环境变化与健康安全的综合风险评估,并提出因地制宜的保障食品安全与健康的措施,加强多部门的管理,改善环境和保障食物安全与健康。