Automated Estimation of Seismic Shaking Intensity from Instrumental Data in Quasi-Real-time Mode and Its Use in the Operation of the of Seismic Early Warning Service in the Kamchatka Region

Early warning systems are becoming increasingly important in the modern world. These systems combine several components: predictive systems (For example, tsunami warning systems), earthquake early warning systems, emergency message services, and systems of seismic damage monitoring. Information about shaking intensity becomes especially important in the case of a strong earthquake occurrence. These data are necessary for planning emergency rescue operations, but they are difficult to collect in a natural disasters situation because of possible communication problems. Application of data on instrumental seismic intensity may make it possible to solve this problem. Early warning systems predicting seismic intensity distributions just after the occurrence of an earthquake have already been developed in many seismically active regions of the world. Such a system also needs to be implemented in Kamchatka, where the strongest earthquakes can produce extremely high values of strong motion acceleration. As a result of the development of a system for seismological observation in Kamchatka, a unified specialized system for collection, transmission, archiving, and processing of seismic information was created. Seismological observations in Kamchatka were significantly improved with the update of the tsunami warning service in 2006–2011. As a result, a network of strong motion stations is currently operating in Kamchatka and can serve as a basis for creating a quasi-real-time seismic early warning system under the auspices the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS). It uses data from strong motion stations to estimate the instrumental seismic intensity in quasi-real-time mode and visualizes the results. During the operational period while the service is being intensively used in the framework of the Seismic Early Warning Reports Tsunami Warning Service in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin branches of the GS RAS for real-time warning of interested parties about the shaking intensities at observation points, the technology implemented in this service has proved highly informative. In total, 75 messages on instrumental intensity in various places of Kamchatka krai and the northern Kuril Islands (Paramushir Islands) have been sent since the service was commissioned at the end of 2014. The currently operating version of the service has proved its informativeness and applicability for special departments of the Emergency Situations Ministry. In addition, real-time warning has improved coordination between the departments of KB GS RAS, and the results of this system are being used in a number of basic research projects. Further development of the service is related to the creation of denser instrumental networks to record strong ground motions and the transition to automatic decision-making and message sending.     

Recording Program of Basic System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

Problems of software development for basic seismometric monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures are considered. A client–server architecture is chosen for the recording program of the system. The server component provides interconnection with the equipment, data acquisition, storage, and processing. The client component provides the user (operator) interface, hardware configuration and application, and representation of system tasks and results in user-friendly form. The seismic monitoring system operates in two modes: the main one includes the isolation and recording of seismic events with assessment of their impact on a structure using the MSK-64 scale; the advanced mode provides recording of microseismic vibrations according to the schedule (specified by the operator) for monitoring the technical condition of a structure. Moreover, the system continuously records oscillations of an object. Thus, the server program writes and stores three types of files: seismic events, monitoring, and continuous recording. When a seismic event is detected or system malfunctions arise, responsible personnel are notified by e-mail and SMS according to an approved list. All operator actions, as well as system functioning events, are fixed in the message log and system log. The client program provides visualization of data on oscillations at observation sites in the form of oscillation seismograms, current signal-amplitude spectra, and vibration-level histograms from the measurement channels for a selected component. All information important for the operator (display of sensors and their status, current configuration, seismograms of corresponding measurement channels, and a list of latest messages in the system) is presented in a mnemonic diagram, which is one of the main working windows of the application. The main specific features of the program are support of different types of equipment (seismic stations), independence from the number of connected seismic stations/recorders, wide possibilities in configuring the system hardware and the application itself, the possibility of unlimited user (client) connections for browsing seismometric data, and multilanguage support.     

地震仪器备机备件查询管理系统开发与应用

分析了地震仪器备机备件管理系统在地震仪器维修中心中的重要作用,着重介绍了仪器备机备件查询管理系统的登录、用户信息管理、出入库管理、查询统计、库存分析模块。在数据库及网络技术应用基础上,管理人员及时把握每日备机备件进、出、存的库存动态,不仅使次数频繁的入库、出库、库存数据备份、更改和查询等功能得以顺利进行,而且库存数据通过网络可以实时通畅地传递到地震局所需部门,对地震仪器的备机备件信息进行了规范化和集成化管理。     

溧阳地震台体应变观测数据质量分析

对溧阳地震台体应变观测资料变化形态、观测质量和观测精度、潮汐因子中误差、地震波记录能力等参数进行分析,采用固体潮汐残差矢量分析方法进行分析,对该台2010—2015年观测资料进行分析,发现体应变能记录到全球不同地区、不同震级的同震波,波形清晰,为分析预报人员进行地震研究提供依据。     

中国地震报告数据处理系统

地震观测报告是一份具有广泛使用价值的地震基础资料。中国地震报告数据处理系统是提高中国地震报告质量的关键一环。其主要水平反映在:数据采集和处理自动化;采用最先进的数值计算方法;采用最先进的激光照排技术;用磁介质进行数据传递。     

网络存储技术在地震数据存储中的应用

随着地震观测和地震科学研究水平的提高,大量宝贵的地震科学数据不断产出.安全有效地存储这些海量地震数据,是目前迫切需要解决的问题.本文简要介绍了网络存储技术的发展和应用,并通过分析地震数据对存储系统的要求,探讨了网络存储技术在地震数据存储中的应用.     

GEOPHYSICAL DATA BASES: SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS*

The use of data file systems within the areas of geological well log and reservoir analysis is now accepted as a necessity in the storage and correlation of large volumes of diverse information. Multi-channel and three-dimensional seismic recording techniques of various types result in a situation where the amount of processing parameters and derived seismic properties of a trace are rapidly approaching the amount of the recorded data themselves. The requirement to access these statistics efficiently has introduced the problems of data management to the seismic processing community. Much software effort has been expended in the design of algorithms for cross reference and indexing of the statistics required in signal processing. These efforts, however, are generally in the direction of a localized solution to a specific requirement and tend to ignore the data base concepts well developed within the commercial data processing community. This paper examines the applicability of commercial data base concepts to the problems of data handling in the area of geophysical exploration, sets forth some basic definitions and organizational characteristics, and describes a system for the integration of several earth disciplines within a single data base from which parameters and mapped information may be derived and indexed for the purpose of processing and interpretation.     

基于网络的数字地震台网数据处理系统设计

基于网络的数字地震台网数据处理系统(EDSP_NET)是根据区域数字地震台网在宽频带数据处理、 数据共享方面的需求开发的。 EDSP_NET运行于Windows平台, 用于汇集、 处理来自数字地震台站的波形数据, 实现台网中心间的数据共享, 监视台站和台网中心处理系统的运行状态。 详细介绍了系统结构和功能, 并简要介绍了系统的三个应用模式。     

香港数字化地震监测台网

香港天文台于１９９７年建立了一套设有８个短周期地震台站的地震监测网络。台网运用数字化及实时数据传送和处理等技术,增强地震数据接收及分析的效能和准确性。本文介绍了地震台站的选址和监测系统的特性与功能。     

Monitoring and prediction of volcanic activity in Kamchatka from seismological data: 2000–2010

Seismological Observations in Kamchatka were significantly improved due to the installation of new telemetered seismic stations near active volcanoes and the implementation of modern digital technologies for data transmission, acquisition, and processing in 1996–1998. This qualitative leap forward made it possible, not only to create an effective system for monitoring Kamchatka volcanoes and for timely and reliable assessment of the state of these volcanoes, but also to draw conclusions about volcanic hazard. The experience that was gained allowed us to make successful short-term forecasts for eight moderate explosive eruptions on Bezymyannyi Volcano of the ten that have occurred in 2004–2010, successful intermediate-term forecasts of evolving activity on Klyuchevskoi Volcano in three cases, as well as providing a successful forecast of an explosive eruption on Kizimen Volcano.     

VP型宽频带潮汐观测仪的研制

摆式潮汐观测仪是记录由天体相互作用力引起的地倾斜固体潮变化的地震前兆观测设备。基于VP型宽频带潮汐观测仪的研制过程论述其原理及应用,得出VP型宽频带潮汐观测仪具有频带宽、易操作、采样率高的特点。     

The development of the system of integrated instrumental monitoring of volcanoes in the Far East Region

This work presents the project of the first stage of implementation of the integrated instrumental system of volcanic activity monitoring in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. The system of monitoring was designed for the purpose of ensuring public safety, aviation safety, and reducing economic losses caused by volcanic eruptions. The most active and dangerous volcanoes in Kamchatka (North and Avacha groups of volcanoes) and the Kuril Islands (volcanoes on the islands of Kunashir and Paramushir) are of first priority for monitoring. For this purpose, special observation points are planned to be installed on the volcanoes. The system of monitoring will include a complex of observations (broadband seismic station with a large dynamic range, tiltmeter, devices for gas, acoustic, and electromagnetic observations, and video camera). All the data will be passed to information processing centers in real time. New methods and algorithms of automatic and automated identification of the volcanic activity level and the probabilistic volcano hazard assessment have been developed.     

一种新型分量式钻孔应变仪数据采集单元的设计及应用

本文根据新一代RZB型分量式钻孔应变仪的信号特点,设计了一种新型数据采集器.本设计采用了基于32位ARM的工控核心板以及嵌入式Windows CE操作系统作为软硬件平台,集成了总线数字信号与多通道高精度模拟信号的数据记录单元,实现了分量式钻孔应变观测系统的数据采集、存储、传输以及远程监控.实际测试表明,本采集系统具有高分辨率、低功耗等特点,主要参数指标达到了新型RZB型分量式钻孔应变观测系统信号采集要求.实际台站应用表明,本系统具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,可满足实际台站观测要求.     

GIS as a Tool for Seismological Data Processing

—?A computerized application of an integrated seismological GIS model is presented. An object oriented approach of the GIS topology is introduced and the special functions and features of this system are described. A network topology was selected to simulate the network characteristics of seismological data management and analysis. Each seismological entity is considered as a graphical data object, which is associated to other objects by predefined relationships. The graphical user interface introduced by GIS enables to handle seismological software routines and data in a more intuitive way. Examples of interactive processing of seismic waveforms for detecting, locating and characterizing seismic events using GIS visualization capabilities are presented. The benefits of this system during a passive seismic survey in the framework of the CTBT are highlighted.     

ADAPT区域数字地震台网数据汇集与处理软件包

已经开发了一种区域数字地震台网处理软件包，称作ADAPT(Adaptive Data Acquisition and Processing Tools）。ADAPT软件系统适用于安装在区域遥测数字地震台网中心的Windows NT计算机网络，用于汇集和处理来自台网所属台站的数字地震波形数据，其主要功能包括在线自动处理和人机交互处理两个方面。本文将介绍ADAPT系统的基本功能，分析该系统的特点，并着重说明系统中采用的地震定位方法。     

HNS.BAS软件在地震观测报告数据处理中的应用

HNS．BAS是一个地震数据处理软件，用于把地震数据处理成中国地震局要求的地震观测报告。此软件在输入地震数据时，操作便捷，并具有多种数据处理功能，最后自动生成地震观测报告。     

Elastic properties of Kamchatka rocks at pressures up to 30 kb in connection with problems of deep-seated structures of volcanic areas — Preliminary results

In this paper compressional and shear wave velocities at quasihydrostatic pressures up to 20–30 kb are reported for rocks of the Kamchatka peninsula. Discussions of the results are made in terms of possible interpretation of the seismic wave velocity distribution in the upper mantle under Kamchatka, which was established by seismological methods. A number of assumptions are made about the composition and the physical conditions of the upper mantle under Kamchatka.     

The present-day seismicity variations in the Kuril-Kamchatka seismic zone

This study is concerned with seismicity variations in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands for the period 1962–2009; the effects of large earthquakes on the seismicity of adjacent areas are taken into account. The 1997 Kronotskii earthquake was followed by seismicity decreases in most areas over Kamchatka, which is presumably related to decreased tectonic stresses. After the 2007 Simushir earthquake synchronization and periodicities in seismicity were identified, indicating increased instabilities and the likelihood of a large event in Kamchatka in the near future. The instability of seismic regions is discussed within the framework of the theory of nonequilibrium dynamical systems. We suggest successive phases in the occurrence of seismological precursors.     

The seismicity of the Kamchatka region: 1962–2011

This paper reviews the Kamchatka seismicity for a 50-year period of observation. These data were used to carry out a regionalization of Kamchatka’s seismic volume and adjacent areas. In all, ten zones were identified with differing activities and origins of seismicity. A comparative analysis was carried out for the seismicity in the more active zones. We found significant differences between the structures of the southern and the northern segment in the Kamchatka part of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone. Seismological data corroborated a relationship between the subduction zone and the underthrusting of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate. These data from the 50-year period of observation helped identify a new Koryak seismic belt that encompasses the northwestern coast of the Bering Sea. We provide a brief review of macroseismic effects due to the most significant earthquakes for the 1962–2010 period.     

我国地震断层土壤气流动观测调查

地球是一个巨大的开放系统,地壳放气现象是地壳不同层次进行物质、能量、信息交换的重要形式。因此,强烈放气通道实际上是一个洞察地球内部物理变化、化学变化、应力应变的"窗口"。通过系统观测和记录释放地点、释放量与释放方式,可以了解地壳内压力的变化与通道的开启状况,从而给地震预报、构造活动监测提供重要信息。断层土壤气测量在地震科学领域中应用广泛,且发挥了一定作用。本文在前人研究基础上归纳断层土壤气流动观测研究现状,并对其技术思路、数据分析等展开调查,为深入开展断层土壤气与气体运移关系的研究提出设想,以期形成相对成熟的观测技术系统,为开展地震相关研究服务。笔者认为,地震断层土壤气观测方法尚处于研究初期,不够成熟,但因其具有轻便、快捷、价廉的优点,具有广阔的应用前景与巨大的科学潜力。