大连市滨海河谷地下水资源开发利用的可行性

大连市是我国严重缺水地区之一,至2005年城市缺水为11 042.5×104m3,占需水量的17.1%,其中大连城区(金州以南地区)缺水9 890×104m3,占缺水量的89.6%.开发利用滨海河谷地下水资源,建立滨海河谷型地下水库,不仅可以治理大连地区严重的海水入侵问题,增加水资源量,满足当地农业及生活用水,同时可弥补城市供水的不足.根据前人工作成果分析及野外实地勘查,大连市适于建设河谷型地下水库的滨海河谷有22条,建成后的总库容量103 602.9×104m3,开采资源量25 766.88×104m3,可增加开采资源量1 2 542.45×104m3.     

环渤海山东地区地下水库建设条件分析

环渤海山东地区是我国北方缺水地区之一,主要原因是水资源在时间上的不均匀分布,年内、年际降水量差别大.实践表明,修建地下水库工程,对区内水资源进行多年调蓄利用,是缓解该区水资源供需矛盾的重要措施.研究区水文地质条件差异较大,一方面胶东低山丘陵滨海河谷区、鲁中南山前冲洪积扇区及黄泛平原古河道带含水层厚度较大、颗粒较粗、调蓄能力较强;另一方面鲁中南山前冲洪积平原区和胶东半岛滨海平原部分地段地下水位多年持续下降,腾出了巨大的地下库容;这些都为修建地下水库提供了条件.本文中将该区地下水库划分为山间河谷型、滨海平原型、冲洪积扇型和冲积平原古河道型4类,并根据地下水库库址选取的6个基本条件选出了26处地下水库库址,这些地下水库的总库容达65.17×108m3,最大调节库容总和为28.39×108m3,建库后库区地下水可采资源量增长73%,可取得明显的水资源效益.同时修建地下水库可以改善库区附近水环境质量,遏制海(咸)水入侵、土壤次生盐渍化等环境地质问题.     

地下水库特征水位与特征库容的划分及确定研究

参考地表水库调控指标的划分方法,将地下水库的特征水位与特征库容划分为死水位与死库容、正常蓄水位与调蓄库容、腾空库容和已占库容以及总库容,并提出了特征水位确定的一般原则以及承压地下水库的库容计算原理与方法。以大庆市西部地下水位降落漏斗区地下水库为实例,确定地下水库水量调蓄的死水位为115m,正常蓄水位为132m,结合现状地下水位,计算得出相应的死库容为1161.58×108m3,调蓄库容为1.75×108m3,腾空库容为1.57×108m3,总库容为1163.33×108m3。     

环渤海地区地下水资源与环境地质若干问题探讨

环渤海地区在我国经济发展中具有重要战略地位.面对区内水资源的日益短缺和地质灾害严重,合理开发利用地下水资源,有效保护地质环境,是实现环渤海地区社会、经济可持续发展的重要措施.本文中以环渤海地区地下水资源与主要环境地质问题现状为基础,围绕区内社会、经济发展需求,就环渤海地区地下水资源与环境地质调查下一步工作进行了探讨,提出重点应放在优化调整地下水开采布局和层位,充分开发利用浅层地下水;利用滨海河谷建设地下水库;利用地下空间和雨洪水资源,实施地下水与地表水联合调度;扩大咸水资源改造利用;勘查、建立城市应急(后备)水源地;开展地下水污染调查;加强地下水动态监测与研究等措施,建立以城市、港口为重点的地下水供水安全保障体系.环境地质调查重点则放在确定海岸基准线,开展重点城市、港口以及湿地环境地质调查评价,建立海岸带地质环境监测体系和地质灾害预警系统,构建海岸带地质环境保障体系等方面.     

辽宁滨海河谷地下水库建设研究

在对辽宁滨海河谷区进行地下储水空间分类的基础上,从地下储水空间的结构特征、边界条件、库容确定及补给源方面论证了重点滨海河谷区建设地下水库的可行性.通过对构建地下水库的重点要素的分析,认为六股河、兴城河、复州河、登沙河滨海河谷区初步具备建设地下水库的条件.     

吉林省地下水开发的另一途径--地下水库的开发利用

开发建设地下水库是一项工程量小,环境影响小,投资少,效益大的开源节流工程.吉林省,特别是水资源短缺的中西部平原区具有辟建地下水库的有利水文地质条件.全省仅平原区可利用地下水库库容量137.3×108m3.可见,地下水库的开发利用在防洪减灾、开源节流的水资源调控中会起到巨大作用.     

天津市地下水资源与可持续利用

天津市是我国主要缺水城市之一.1990～2000年地表水年平均用水量16.33×108m3,地下水年平均用水量7.11×108m3,地下水的供水比例约占30%左右.1990～2002年,按全国统一部署,对天津市地下水资源进行了新一轮评价,评价结果是天津市地下水天然资源为18.13×108m3/a,矿化度小于5g/L的天然资源为15.75×108m3/a,可开采资源为8.27×108m3/a,其中浅层水2.58×108m3/a,深层水3.56×108m3/a,隐伏岩溶水1.24×108m3/a,山区1.10×108m3/a.天津市地下水开采程度已达90.45%,除蓟县、宝坻、宁河、静海略有盈余,其余各区、县已超采.要解决天津市规划需水量(2010年)56.76×108m3/a的要求,必须采取外调水源、工农业节水和污水回收利用、海水淡化利用、利用坑、塘、洼、淀尽可能拦蓄汛期弃水等措施.天津市每年7×108～8×108m3的地下水资源为多年稳定补给的地下水资源,属可持续利用的水资源,但必须调整开采布局,压缩深层水的开采量,以遏制地面沉降继续发展.在连续干旱年份,为解决城镇生产及生活用水的燃眉之急,保证城市供水安全,建立一种非常规的并有一定开采周期的应急供水水源地,可缓解一部分供水压力.经初步论证,蓟县平原区和宝坻中北部第四系全淡水区及邻近的咸水分布区,有望建成大型集中供水水源地.经勘查,蓟县城关、西龙虎峪、宝坻石化、宁河县北部岩溶水等4个蓄水构造,也具备建设集中供水水源地的条件.用于应急供水的水源地总可开采量约100.57×104m3/d(3.67×108m3/a),可供市区水量为64.5×104m3/d(2.35×108m3/a).对于类似天津市这种特大型城市,建立供水水源储备机制,具有重要的战略意义.     

海河流域地下水资源特征和开发利用潜力

海河流域水资源严重短缺,地下水长期超采是制约社会经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈.开展流域地下水资源及开发利用潜力研究,对支撑服务地下水超采治理、地下水资源可持续利用和生态环境保护都具有重要意义.经系统评价,海河流域天然资源量252.99×108 m3,生态水位约束条件下的浅层地下水开采资源量172.98×108 m3,可更新...     

滹沱河地下水库建设条件分析

对滹沱河地下水库建设条件进行了分析,得出如下结论:滹沱河地下水库边界为一近封闭的边界,库容量达10.04×108 m3,滹沱河河床可作为地下水库天然渗漏场。通过入渗试验得出,在动水条件下,单位河长稳定入渗量为29.18×104 m3/km.d(平均河道宽度222m),入渗速率1.31×104 m3/m2.d,垂直入渗系数31.62m/d,入渗水对地下水的补给系数为0.91。利用库区原有的取水设施年开采能力可达2.19×108m3。根据预测结果,2020、2030年在不同的保证率下,尚有盈余水量进行地下水库的调蓄,且调蓄水源的水质对地下水水质影响不大。     

榆溪河流域水源地地下水资源评价数值模拟研究

依据榆溪河流域水文地质条件构建水文地质概念模型,在此基础上基于可视化数值模拟软件建立流域三维地下水流数值模型,模型经识别与校验完成后,分别对流域地下水补给排泄量、地下水储量、可开采资源量进行计算评价,研究表明:(1)流域2006年、2009年和2010年在均衡期内地下水处于负均衡状态;2007年、2008年、2011年、2012年和2013年在均衡期内地下水处于正均衡状态。(2)区内第四系含水岩组地下水容积储存量为157.488×108m3,侏罗系含水岩组地下水弹性储存量为9.477×108m3。(3)全流域现状地下水开采率为16.40%,新增开采后总的地下水开采率为29.21%,属于较低~合理水平。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861