GPS RTK技术在地形测量中的应用

RTK技术又称载波相位动态实时差分技术,能够实时地提供测量点在指定坐标中的三维坐标,并达到厘米级精度,通过对GPS RTK技术在控制测量、数字测图等工程中的基本应用,对动态GPS的特性和使用方法有了进一步认识,该技术已广泛应用于地形测量、控制测量、工程测量、航空摄影测量等诸多领域。     

GPS-RTK技术在地下管线控制测量中的应用

GPS技术是测量技术革命性进步,特别是实时动态(RTK)定位技术效率高,精度也较高,其应用及开发的前景十分广阔。本文简要阐述了GPS-RTK的工作原理,结合管线测量工程的应用,介绍了用GPS-RTK技术进行图根控制测量的方法,并对影响GPS-RTK测量精度的因素进行了分析,提出了相应的对策。     

GPS-RTK技术在公路测量中的应用

RTK技术是在GPS基础上发展起来的一种新的常用的GPS测量方法,在很多领域已得到广泛的应用,GPS—RTK技术对公路测量的作业方式产生了很大的变革,极大地提高了测绘精度。本文从公路测量工程的几个关键过程阐述了应用GPS-RTK技术进行野外数据采集技术及处理方法。     

浅谈MATLAB在GPS高程拟合中的应用

分析了影响GPS精度的因素有哪些,野外测量中,如何避免和减小误差的存在,在测量中截断误差的来源;数据采集后对高程进行拟合,遵从怎样的原则选用拟合高程模型,从而在高程拟合的过程中提升GPS高程的精度,使之符合工程所要求的精度等。随着Matlab的广泛应用,使高程拟合进入到了一个崭新的领域。探索用Matlab软件对GPS高程进行拟合的方法,使拟合后的高程能应用于工程与其他领域中。     

浅析GPS测量技术在房产基础测绘中的应用

GPS(Global Positioning System)全球定位系统具有性能好、精度高、应用广的特点.在测绘领域,GPS系统已广泛用于大地测量、工程测量、航空摄影测量及地形测量等各个领域.通过GPS静态测量和GPSRTK测量技术在性能特点、作业方法、技术条件及应用效果的分析,指出GPS技术在房产基础测量中具有传统测量技术无可比拟的优势.     

RTK技术在GPS高程测量中的应用研究

文章首先介绍了RTK技术，并就其在GPS高程测量应用中提供了理论方法和数学模型，最后通过实验研究了该技术在GPS高程测量应用的可行性，总结了应用RTK技术的条件和可能达到的精度以及其局限性。     

GPS准动态地形测量在特殊环境下的灵活应用

本文主要根据GPS准动态测量的理论和特点,通过把GPS准动态测量与其它GPS测量方法相比较,以生产实例客观阐述了在特殊环境下GPS准动态测量模式在大比例尺地形测量中独特的优越性及其应用方法,并详细分析、探讨了准动态测量模式的测量精度及其影响因素.     

GPS RTK在工程测量中的应用

介绍了GPS RTK技术的基本特点,说明了GPS RTK作为一种高科技的三维测量工具在工程测量方面所具有的优越性及应用的广泛性。结合城市道路改造中的实践,阐述了该技术在工程测量中的基本应用步骤。为更好地利用GPS RTK技术,提高工程测量精度和作业效率提供参考。     

GPS技术在地质环境监测中的应用试验

GPS技术目前已广泛地渗透到经济建设和科学技术的许多领域,具有很高的应用价值。本文结合作者参加的地质环境监测点复测及地面沉降监测的GPS技术应用试验,系统地介绍了GPS测量的工作流程,并通过对试验数据解算处理的结果,对GPS测量的精度检验方法及误差分析等问题进行了探讨,提出对地质环境监测中GPS使用的认识,为今后GPS的应用提供了经验。     

GPS在测量中的应用及误差分析

简述了全球定位系统（GPS）的基本结构和特点,总结了GPS用于工程测量所具有的特点,介绍了GPS在工程测量中的应用实例及体会。简述了GPS系统的定位误差直接影响着GPS定位精度,按其产生的来源、性质及对系统的影响等进行了介绍和初步分析,提出了相应的措施以便消除或削弱它们对测量结果的影响。     

GPS measurements (2003–2006) in the Sikhote Alin network,the Far East

This paper considers results of geodynamic studies using the GPS method in the territory of the Far East. GPS measurements using TRIMBLE-4700 geophones were launched along the Sikhote Alin profile in 2003. The technology of the GPS measurements and the problems of selecting the measurement sites and network configuration with reference to the region’s structure are discussed. The results of GPS measurements in 2003–2006 were used to study the fault system of the Far East continental margin. Different models of the Eurasia rotation (from the known NNR-NUVEL-1A to the recent ones) were analyzed. The solid-body rotation of Eurasia was predicted in the framework of the AR-IR-2006 model with a pole located at 51.045°N latitude, 255.842° longitude and rotating at a rate of 0.2423°/Ma. The parameters of the Amur plate rotation were preliminarily estimated (57.6° ± 0.5°N, 117.1 ± 0.5°E, and 0.083° ± 0.004°/m.y) using results on the Sikhote Alin and Transbaikalian network.     

GPS观测的2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震地壳变形

2001年11月14日17时26分,在昆仑山口西青海和新疆交界处发生了M_S8.1级强烈地震。震后利用 GPS开展了相对密集的地壳形变观测。计算获得的同震位移表明,地震地壳形变影响范围大致为88°～97°E, 32°～38°N,断层运动具有明显的左旋兼挤压的特点。在昆仑山口附近GPS观测获得的地表破裂两侧的相对左旋 位移量约为2.6m,与地表野外调查获得的该处的地震破裂位移值符合的很好。断裂南侧垂直断裂走向同震位移 量逐渐衰减,位移方向相对稳定。而断裂北侧,同震位移主要集中分布在柴达木盆地南缘,位移方向变化较大,盆 地内部位移量迅速衰减,表明东昆仑断裂北侧柴达木盆地地壳介质性质与其南侧高原腹地有明显不同。GPS观测 得到的震后断层蠕动结果表明,最初两周内断层蠕动位移量就占了观测期(近1年时间)总位移量的47%还要多, 其后半年多的时间内断层蠕动位移量不到观测期总位移量的40%,而余下的近5个月时间断层蠕动位移量只占观 测期总位移量的13%。断层蠕动速率在最初两周内超过130cm/a,到2002年3月11日迅速下降到26cm/a,其后 则逐渐呈线性衰减。区域GPS观测的初步结果同时表明,尽管地震破裂附近断层两侧有较大的相对位移,但东部 甘青川一带相关断层上相对运动不明显,可能说明这一区域仍处在     

论应用GPS定位技术监测上海市地面沉降的可行性

文章首先分析、论证了应用GPS定位技术监测地面沉降的理论依据，随后，介绍了实验研究方案和实际监测结果。通过比较GPS和精密水准所获得各个监测点的地面沉降量，以及两种不同方法获得地面沉降曲面的一致性，得出GPS沉降监测在一般监测环境下可能达到的精度。     

GPS在滑坡监测中的应用——以四川省丹巴县亚喀则滑坡为例

本文通过在四川丹巴县梭坡乡亚喀则滑坡区布设的GPS监测网的测量,阐述了GPS在滑坡监测时监测点位选择、监测网布设、数据处理的方法。亚喀则滑坡的GPS监测结果表明,其精度达到毫米级,完全满足滑坡监测的精度要求。     

Monitoring Koyulhisar landslide using rapid static GPS: a strategy to remove biases from vertical velocities

GPS is frequently used in the monitoring of natural hazards and other geophysical phenomena. Landslide monitoring is one such area in which various GPS methods are tested and various systematic error sources are introduced. In previous studies, one error source introduced on rapid static GPS was the effect of large height differences in GPS positions. In this study, we further investigate how GPS velocities/slip rates are affected by large station height differences when rapid static surveying is used. In order to demonstrate the influences, we used static GPS measurements from the Koyulhisar landslide in central Turkey. Comparison of rapid static GPS solutions with static GPS solutions using BERNESE 5.0 indicates that systematic biases occur in the estimated rapid static GPS deformation rates when the station height difference is large between baseline points. The effect is more significant on the vertical component, whereas it is negligible on the horizontal components. When reducing the height difference between the reference station and the rover stations, rapid static solutions from 15-min sessions show high correlation and similar deformation rates with static positioning solutions.     

GPS 高程拟合转换正常高在重力勘探中的应用

GPS测量所提供的高程为相对于WGS-84椭球的大地高,而重力勘探中使用的是正常高.本文简要介绍了用多项式曲面拟合方法拟合高程异常的原理,并用水准仪测量的水准高程对拟合的正常高进行了精度评估,总结了采用GPS拟合高程在高精度重力勘探中的应用效果.     

Surface displacements of two landslides evaluated by GPS and inclinometer systems: a case study in Southern Apennines, Italy

This paper reports experimental data on surface and deep displacements evaluated by means of GPS stations and inclinometers in two rototranslational deep landslides in a clayey slope of the Italian Southern Apennines. The displacements of the landslides cause continuous damage to buildings and infrastructures. To study these phenomena and control their effects, the local public administration provided financial support for a geotechnical investigation that started in 2004. Laboratory tests, in situ pore pressure and inclinometer measurements were carried out. In July 2006, systems of fixed-in-place inclinometer probes with continuous data acquisition were installed in two of the eleven guide casings, in correspondence to the slip surfaces detected by previous periodical measurements. In the meanwhile, a GPS network was installed, consisting in six permanent stations and ten non-permanent ones. Among the latter, five were installed on the top of five inclinometer casings. The experimental results show that, in the case under study, the surface displacements evaluated by means of the GPS stations are consistent with the surface displacements evaluated by means of the inclinometer measurements. This implies mutual data validation, availability of considerable amount of continuous data, as well as monitoring continuity when, for some reason, one of the instruments goes out of use.     

Recent crustal deformation and seismicity studies at Abu-Dabbab area, Red Sea, Egypt

The Abu-Dabbab area is characterized by high seismicity and complex tectonic setting; for these facts, a local geodetic network consisting of 11 geodetic benchmarks has been established. The crustal deformation data in this area are collected using the GPS techniques. Five campaigns of GPS measurements have been collected, processed, and adjusted to get the more accurate positions of the GPS stations. The horizontal velocity vectors, the dilatational, the maximum shear strains, and the principal strain rates were estimated. The horizontal velocity varies in average between 3 and 6 mm per year across the network. The results of the deformation analysis indicate a significant contraction and extension across the southern central part of the study area which is characterized by high seismic activity represented by the clustering shape of the microearthquakes that trending ENE. The north and northeastern parts are characterized by small strain rates. This study is an attempt to provide valuable information about the present state of the crustal deformation and its relationship to seismic activity and tectonic setting at the Abu-Dabbab area. The present study is the first work demonstrating crustal deformation monitoring at the Abu-Dabbab area. The time interval is relatively short. Actually, these results are preliminary results. So, the continuity of GPS measurements is needed for providing more information about the recent crustal deformation in that area.     

Erratum to: Integration of GPS with InSAR to monitoring of the Jiaju landslide in Sichuan,China

In 2006, a cooperation project between China Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada started the monitoring of the landslide along the deep-cut valley in the western Sichuan using integrated GPS and InSAR observation at the Jiaju landslide. Both GPS and InSAR techniques provided complementary measurements with the GPS providing horizontal movement and InSAR providing vertical motion. Meanwhile, InSAR images demonstrate also an effective tool to recognize new landslides in complex steep mountain region. The GPS observations provide continuous monitoring data while InSAR data provide monthly measurements. The differential InSAR results show a deformation information that divided the Jiaju landslide to two areas, the north and south parts. The north part is sliding greater than the southern part in spatial domain. The sliding was faster in 2008 than that in 2006 in time domain, suggesting a gradual increased acceleration over time. The GPS displacement data during the past 2  years show the northern part slid horizontally 55–207 mm/a and vertically −23 mm/a, while the southern part slid horizontally 12–34 mm/a; and the vertical displacement mainly moved downward 0.05 to 12 mm/a. On average, the observations from December of 2006 to January of 2008 indicate that the northern part is sliding at 41.6 mm/a horizontally and 43.9 mm/a vertically, while the southern part is sliding at 16.1 mm/a horizontally and 17.5 mm/a vertically. The data acquired through the GPS and InSAR are generally comparable. Geological survey revealed some secondary landslides, cracks, and fissures within the deformation of the Jiaju landslide that could be induced by following factors: surface water drainage, river erosion, and slope cutting and overloading.     

Velocities of Present-Day Horizontal Movements in the Central Sector of the Greater Caucasus according to GPS Observations and Their Relation to Tectonics and the Deep Structure of the Earth’s Crust

The results of the first GPS measurements along the geophysical profile that intersects all major geological structures of the Osetiya region of the Greater Caucasus are presented. The results of the measurements are interpreted in comparison with those of neotectonic studies and data on the deep structure.