滇西高黎贡山地区宝石伟晶岩

高黎贡山地区的伟晶岩可以分为变质分异型和岩浆分异型两个成因系列。在时间和空间上，它们分别与区内变质地层中的强烈混合岩化带、混合花岗岩化带及燕山晚期－喜山期深成重熔型花岗岩体有关，绿宝石、海蓝宝石、碧玺、黄玉、水晶等多产于蚀变较强、分异较好的带状白云母花岗伟晶岩或未（弱）分异电气石白云母晶洞伟晶岩中，是结晶分异作用晚或早期碱质交代作用的产物。     

岩石变形中的压溶作用及相伴的构造分异作用

压溶作用是低级变质环境中最常见的一种岩石变形作用机制。本文讨论了这种构造化学作用的渲化发展以及相伴的构造分异作用。探讨了诸如岩石的初始各向异性、应力状态、矿物的溶解度、流体的性质,以及物质扩散迁移的迁移系数、迁移通道等因素,对溶解作用带和沉淀作用带的生成与发展的影响,以及它们对在递进变形过程中由于分异作用形成的构造分异层的发展和几何特征的影响。     

华盛顿州Shuksan岩套等相的绿片岩和蓝片岩的岩浆分异作用和蚀变作用

多元统计方法能区分变质火山岩中，岩石成分的变化是由岩浆分异造成的，或是由蚀变引起的。华盛顿州Shuksan岩套的变玄武岩中的岩浆分异程度是中等的（平均MD指数＝2．6），它介于FAMOUS地区的新鲜洋底玄武岩（MD＝0．0）与Galapagos裂谷东部玄武岩（MD＝3．8）之间。通过对Shuksan样品岩浆分异趋势的识别与消除，显示了海底风化作用和热液蚀变的效应，致使Si和Ca的含量明显降低，而Na、K和氧化铁增高。与现代蚀变的各种大洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）对双表明。Shuksan原岩可能是在海水／岩比率低于15的条件下热液蚀变而成。Shuksan岩套中，山玄武岩变质呈互层状的绿片岩和蓝片岩的成分是不同的。逐步判别分析发现，要完全把广泛分布于Shuksan地区的绿片岩和蓝片岩的组分区别开来，Fe2O3和CaO是仅有的必需变量。Shuksan岩套变质作用的压力和／或温度梯度肯定太小，以致不能使绿片岩和蓝片岩之间的成分 界线发生大的移动。     

花岗伟晶岩研究概况

本文据国内外研究成果，对花岗伟晶岩的分类，伟晶岩与变质相关系，伟晶岩内部分带，伟晶岩脉群的区域分带性等作了概括性的介绍，指出花岗伟晶岩是富含挥发成分的花岗质熔浆在相当深的封闭环境中形成的。初始伟晶岩浆或许并不富集（只是增高）稀有，稀土和放射元素。由于成批入围岩形成脉群时的突然减压而引发气运分异（或流体搬运作用），导致Ｌｉ，Ｂｅ，Ｎｂ，Ｔａ，Ｗ，Ｓｎ等稀有金属向上迁移（局部的Ｌｉ，Ｎａ（Ｆ）伟晶岩有     

区域变质作用中岩石的质量迁移和元素活动：以庐山双桥山群变泥？…

依据质量平衡原理,从地球化学组成探讨了庐山双桥山群泥质岩系在区域变质作用过程中岩石的质量迁移和元素活动,结果表明黑云母片岩和（十字）石榴片岩相对于板岩,其质量分别损失了约１７％和２３％,元素Ｓｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ有明显的活动迁移,Ａ１、Ｕ、ＲＥＥｓ等地有一定的活动性。岩石质量迁移与元素活动晃区域变质过程中变质流体的结果。     

大别造山带东缘韧性剪切带中构造岩的构造地球化学分析

安徽省桐城市挂镇（挂车河镇）地区出露郯庐断裂系（北北东-北东向）和大别构造系（近东西向）的韧性剪切带,变质温度分别为400 ℃～450 ℃和600 ℃～700 ℃,均发育镁铁质和长英质构造岩,是研究不同变形条件下岩石中元素活化迁移规律的理想对象。质量平衡计算表明长英质剪切带在韧性变形过程中,大别构造系体积基本不变,郯庐断裂系体积亏损且随变形程度的增强而增加,镁铁质性剪切带在脆-韧变形过程中体积增加。长英质构造岩的稀土和微量元素变异远弱于镁铁质构造岩,长英质构造岩基本继承了原岩的特征而镁铁质构造岩与原岩的差异显著,长英质和镁铁质混合的构造岩主要显示镁铁质组分的迁移规律。长英质构造岩的元素迁移种类和迁移率与变形程度和变质温度正相关,其中体积亏损变形的郯庐断裂系表现为重稀土中等迁出、中稀土几乎未迁移和轻稀土微弱迁入,等体积变形的大别构造系为稀土元素迁入,轻稀土、中稀土和重稀土的迁移率依次增加。镁铁质构造岩的稀土元素迁移表现为轻稀土强烈迁入和重稀土中等迁出。体积变化不是元素变异的主因,在原岩和矿物蚀变制约的基础上,元素迁移受到岩石流变分异作用和热液渗流作用的双重作用,低温时以渗透流体作用为主,而高温时岩石流变分异作用增强。     

变质成矿的理论基础(续)

由热力变质作用和超变质作用引起的岩石中化学元素的迁移.区域热力变质作用和超变质作用能引起原岩中原生组分的重结晶,而超变质作用能引起原岩部分的或完全的重熔.低变质相特点是岩石的脱水和大部分自生矿物的重晶,同时,易溶元素,特别是金属产生很强的活动性.随着变质作用的增强,组成岩石的矿物被溶解,然后完全重结晶.在所有的带均能见到由变质分异所产生的矿化水流引起的交代现象.在这些作用的影响下,矿石物质大量迁移,导致造矿元素重新分配并富集.     

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体研究新进展及其对认识地壳生长与演化的意义

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体主要分为基性熔体捕虏体，酸性变质火成岩捕虏体与变质沉积岩捕虏体。麻粒岩相捕虏体的锆石离子探针年龄与上地壳花岗岩的侵位年龄，造山运动时代基本一致。基性熔体的下垫作用是地壳生长的一种重要方式，并且代表了一种有效的幔向壳的物质与能量迁移。地下壳部分熔与麻粒岩相变质作用是壳内分异的重要途径。     

断裂带中硅的化学活动类型和变质平衡系统

我国东北地区数十条断裂带横剖面上断层岩的化学分析资料表明，硅含量的递变有是 规律。从变质作用，成分组合、显微构造、分带分异和构造背景等的不同表现，元素硅持球化学行为可分为低级变质作用和甚低级变质作用两咱类型。硅在断裂带中变化的复杂性，依实例分析为低级变质作用和甚低级变质作用两种类型。硅在断裂带中变化的复杂性，依实例分析同长石的分解密切相关，此系动力分异的一所导致的变质分异和化学分异多次性的结果，并     

粤北大沟谷金矿床矿液的P—T—M体系及迁移富集机制

通过对粤北大沟谷碎裂钠长石岩型金属矿床流体包裹体的研究表明，该矿床成矿流体是震旦纪变质地层在同推覆期的动力分异热液。矿床的形成经历了５个矿化阶段（Ｄ＾１３－Ｄ＾５３）金矿化主要发生在Ｄ＾２３和Ｄ＾４３。矿床形成温度２００～３００℃，压力３７．４～４．３ＭＰａ，为中低温，中浅成矿化。成矿流体ｐＨ为６．７６～７．１４，为弱酸－弱碱环境，流体为Ｎａ－Ｃａ－Ｍｇ（Ｆ）－Ｃｌ型，金可能以硫络合物形式迁移。     

秦岭群条带状混合岩矿物空间分布的研究

由于条带状混合岩具多成因,因此,研究混合岩关键的问题之一是确定其成因。矿物空间分布特征可以用来区分混合岩的成因。本文研究表明,石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩其脉体、基体均为聚集分布,为分异作用形成,并同变形作用有关。用Wilcoxon秩和检验对比了花岗岩和含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩的脉体,结果表明两者的矿物空间分布一致,且趋于随机分布,这些脉体为部分熔融或注入形成。区域变质岩趋向于规则分布。组成混合岩的不同部分在矿物空间分布上可有也可以没有差异,例如,含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩中古成体同脉体有明显差异,而石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩基体和脉体无差异。     

Origin of migmatites by deformation-enhanced melt infiltration of orthogneiss: a new model based on quantitative microstructural analysis

A detailed field study reveals a gradual transition from high‐grade solid‐state banded orthogneiss via stromatic migmatite and schlieren migmatite to irregular, foliation‐parallel bodies of nebulitic migmatite within the eastern part of the Gföhl Unit (Moldanubian domain, Bohemian Massif). The orthogneiss to nebulitic migmatite sequence is characterized by progressive destruction of well‐equilibrated banded microstructure by crystallization of new interstitial phases (Kfs, Pl and Qtz) along feldspar boundaries and by resorption of relict feldspar and biotite. The grain size of all felsic phases decreases continuously, whereas the population density of new phases increases. The new phases preferentially nucleate along high‐energy like–like boundaries causing the development of a regular distribution of individual phases. This evolutionary trend is accompanied by a decrease in grain shape preferred orientation of all felsic phases. To explain these data, a new petrogenetic model is proposed for the origin of felsic migmatites by melt infiltration from an external source into banded orthogneiss during deformation. In this model, infiltrating melt passes pervasively along grain boundaries through the whole‐rock volume and changes completely its macro‐ and microscopic appearance. It is suggested that the individual migmatite types represent different degrees of equilibration between the host rock and migrating melt during exhumation. The melt topology mimicked by feldspar in banded orthogneiss forms elongate pockets oriented at a high angle to the compositional banding, indicating that the melt distribution was controlled by the deformation of the solid framework. The microstructure exhibits features compatible with a combination of dislocation creep and grain boundary sliding deformation mechanisms. The migmatite microstructures developed by granular flow accompanied by melt‐enhanced diffusion and/or melt flow. However, an AMS study and quartz microfabrics suggest that the amount of melt present did not exceed a critical threshold during the deformation to allow free movements of grains.     

From orthogneiss to migmatite: Geochemical assessment of the melt infiltration model in the Gföhl Unit (Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif)

The Gföhl Unit is the largest migmatite terrain of the Variscan orogenic root domain in Europe. Its genesis has been until now attributed to variable degrees of in situ partial melting. In the Rokytná Complex (Gföhl Unit, Czech Republic) there is a well-preserved sequence documenting the entire migmatitization process on both outcrop and regional scales. The sequence starts with (i) banded orthogneiss with distinctly separated monomineralic layers, continuing through (ii) migmatitic mylonitic gneiss, (iii) schlieren migmatite characterised by disappearance of monomineralic layering and finally to (iv) felsic nebulitic migmatite with no relics of the original banding.

While each type of migmatite shows a distinct whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic fingerprint, the whole sequence evolves along regular, more or less smooth trends for most of the elements. Possible mechanisms which could account for such a variation are that the individual migmatite types (i) are genetically unrelated, (ii) originated by equilibrium melting of a single protolith, (iii) formed by disequilibrium melting (with or without a small-scale melt movement) or (iv) were generated by melt infiltration from external source. The first scenario is not in agreement with the field observations and chemistry of the orthogneisses/migmatites. Neither of the remaining hypotheses can be ruled out convincingly solely on whole-rock geochemical grounds. However in light of previously obtained structural, petrologic and microstructural data, this sequence can be interpreted as a result of a process in which the banded orthogneiss was pervasively, along grain boundaries, penetrated by felsic melt derived from an external source.

In terms of this melt infiltration model the individual migmatites can be explained by different degrees of equilibration between the bulk rock and the passing melt. The melt infiltration can be modelled as an open-system process, characterised by changes of the total mass/volume and accompanied by gains/losses in many of the major- and trace elements. The modelling of the mass balance resulted in identification of a component added by a heterogeneous nucleation of feldspars, quartz and apatite from the passing melt. This is in line with the observed presence of new albitic plagioclase, K-feldspar and quartz coatings as well as resorption of relict feldspars. At the most advanced stages (schlieren and nebulitic migmatites) the whole-rock trace-element geochemical variations document an increasing role for fractional crystallization of the K-feldspar and minor plagioclase, with accessory amounts of monazite, zircon and apatite.

The penetrating melt was probably (leuco-) granitic, poor in mafic components, Rb rich, with low Sr, Ba, LREE, Zr, U and Th contents. It probably originated by partial melting of micaceous quartzo-feldspathic rocks.

If true and the studied migmatites indeed originated by a progressive melt infiltration into a single protolith resembling the banded orthogneiss, this until now underappreciated process would have profound implications regarding rheology and chemical development of anatectic regions in collisional orogens.     

辽吉东部层状混合岩的成因

辽吉东部的层状混合岩与上、下围岩始终保持整合接触,反映它的体系基本上是封闭的,没有外来组份的加入。其组构、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土资料等表明层状混合岩不足岩浆型的,而是重熔岩浆型的,其原岩是沉积变质岩。     

Origin of migmatite granite and its relations to iron deposits—An experimental study

Experiments have been conducted over a wide range of temperatures and pressures (300°–950°C, 500–2000 bars) in an attempt to gain some better understanding of the geological features of Precambrian migmatite granites and banded iron formation (BIF) widespread in Northeast China. Results indicate that the BIF of Anshan type is unstable under the action of sufficient alkaline solutions with some iron or aluminum silicates formed at the expense of quartz. Rock melting experiments show that the initial melting temperatures of phyllite, biotite plagioclase gneiss and migmatite granite range from 630° to 640°C, but those of BIF and plagioclase amphibolite are 150°–200° C higher. The authors suggest that migmatites in this region have resulted from partial melting and metasomatism. With respect to the relationship between migmatization and iron deposits, it has been experimentally revealed that the migmatites will not “digest” the BIF if they are separated by other wall rocks. But melting to various extents will take place in the BIF where migmatites are in direct contact with it. Additionally, the BIF will even become richer in iron under favorable conditions. This information may probably help guide our efforts to prospect for Precambrian iron deposits in regions with extensive occurrence of migmatites.     

鞍山、本溪地区鞍山群变质岩岩石化学研究及条带状铁矿的成矿条件

通过对鞍山群变质岩石及条带状铁矿的岩石化学研究,探讨了鞍本地区太古宙老变质岩(正变质岩为斜长角闪岩及中酸性变粒岩等;副变质岩主要为泥质—泥灰质岩及硅铁质胶体化学沉积岩石)岩石学特征,并恢复变质前之原岩建造。太古宙条带状铁矿石的化学成分较单一;SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、FeO之和为85—95％,是一种成分很纯的磁铁矿石。作者从矿体的产状呈层;与围岩之间基本整合;条带状构造所显示的原生层理;铁矿石成分简单以及在世界上的分布情况表明它是海底火山沉积矿床。本文基于铁矿成因和与原岩建造的关系,进而讨论了铁矿的赋存     

渤海沙一段生物碎屑混积岩古生物特征及储层意义

渤海海域古近系沙一段广泛发育湖相混积岩,其中生物碎屑混积岩物性好、产能高,是混积岩中的优质储层.对生物碎屑混积岩中的生物碎屑成分展开系统的古生物研究,明确腹足类是渤海海域沙一段生物碎屑混积岩中最主要的生物碎屑类型,共鉴定出腹足类21属27种,介形类19属74种,并且均以适宜一定盐度浅水环境生活的小型化类型为主.结合古环境研究表明,高能环境腹足类易富集,相对低能环境介形类含量上升.通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针等分析发现,生物碎屑对混积岩储层演化具有重要影响.生物碎屑体腔孔、壳体铸模孔、遮蔽孔、差异收缩缝直接提供了储集空间;生物碎屑早期溶蚀能有效改善储层渗透能力,促进生物碎屑富集段的白云岩化作用,形成生物碎屑白云岩优质储层;生物碎屑在微生物作用下形成性质稳定的泥晶套,起到了孔隙格架支撑作用.受壳体成分及各门类生物沉积环境差异影响,腹足类为主的生物碎屑混积岩物性更好.      

Geochemical features of zircons from migmatites of the Nimnyr block,Aldan shield

This paper reports the results of chemical and structural study (electron microscopy and ion microprobe) of zircons from different-age generations of migmatite leucosomes in the basement rocks and Kurumkan Formation within the Nimnyr block, Aldan shield. The studied zircons show REE distribution pattern with a positive slope from LREE to HREE and positive Ce anomaly, which is typical of magmatic zircons, but have elevated LREE contents, which implies their crystallization from migmatite melt with subsequent fluid reworking. The transformations of the zircons were caused by fluid, which was separated during crystallization of the last LILE-enriched portions of the melt and inherited the geochemical features of the host rock—leucosome.     

In-situ migmatite and hybrid diatexite at Mt Stafford, central Australia

Metasedimentary gneisses show a rapid change in grade within a 10-km-wide low- P /high- T  regional aureole at Mt Stafford, Arunta Block, central Australia. Migmatites occur in all but the lowermost of five metamorphic zones, which are characterized by: (1) muscovite–quartz schist; (2) andalusite–cordierite–K-feldspar granofels with small melt segregations; (3) spinel–sillimanite–cordierite–K-feldspar migmatite; (4) garnet–orthopyroxene–cordierite migmatite and minor diatexite; and (5) biotite–cordierite–plagioclase diatexite that shows a transition to granite. A subsolidus unit comprising interbedded sandstone and siltstone is equivalent to bedded migmatite , the main rock type in Zones 2–4. Mesoscopic textures and migmatite classification of this unit vary with grade. In Zone 2, metatexite is developed in siltstone layers that are separated by quartz-rich, unmelted metapsammite layers. Melt segregation was less efficient in Zones 3 and 4, where the dominant migmatite layering is a modified bedding. High proportions of melt were present in Zone 4, in which schlieren migmatite is transitional between bedded migmatite and metapelite-sourced diatexite. The preservation of sedimentary structures and coexistence of melt reactants and products in Zone 4 metapelite imply that melting proceeded in situ without substantial migration of melt. Zone 5 biotite–cordierite–plagioclase diatexite carries rafts of bedded migmatite with strongly resorbed edges, as well as large K-feldspar and quartz augen. This unit of comparatively Ca-rich migmatites is inferred to have been formed by the mixing of locally derived and injected granitic melt.     

山东雁翎关地区雌山混合花岗岩地球化学特征及其成因

一、地质背景雁翎关地区位于山东泰安东南四十余公里处(图1)。本区出露泰山群变质岩系,受到中压相系的角闪岩相区域变质作用,变质时代大于24亿年。雌山混合花岗岩带分布于东石棚—马家雌山西南和磨石山香水河东北的狭长地带(图1)。岩体走向北西—南东、与区域构造线方向一致,围岩为泰山群的山草峪组黑云变粒岩。构成