新型海流能发电控制系统设计

新型海流能发电装置控制系统是基于MPPT理论,增加了最大功率捕获控制及直流电路稳压控制,通过数学模型模拟海流速度及发电机电磁力矩,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行系统的搭建和仿真研究。其结果表明在实际输出功率对最大功率的比值基本相同,该系统实现对最大功率捕获,并在直流母线后端电压基本稳定,验证控制系统设计的有效性。通过搭建试验平台,对该发电系统进行试验研究。记录数据拟合曲线与理论公式曲线一致,且实现电压也在合理的波动范围,试验结果证明该控制系统正确,可进一步示范应用。     

基于水平轴海流能发电系统的海流流速神经网络软测量

为了解决海流能发电系统中,有效海流流速难以测量的问题,提出将水平轴海流能发电系统当成一个大型流速仪,用于海流流速的软测量研究。分析了水平轴海流能发电系统的工作原理和运行过程,建立了基于BP人工神经网络的软测量数学模型。将叶轮机转速,发电机输出功率和占空比信号作为输入变量,将海流流速作为输出变量。仿真结果表明,所建立的BP神经网络是海流流速软测量的有效方法,能较好地跟踪有效海流流速的变化趋势,并具有较高的估计精度。     

循环流化床燃烧过程自适应双环选择控制系统

本文根据循环流化床燃烧过程的动态特性和现场运行经验 ,提出了 1种符合实际应用的自适应双环选择控制系统。该系统在床层温度不越限的情况下 ,以控制主蒸汽压力稳定为主要目标。当床层温度发生越限时 ,系统自动变换控制策略并调整床层温度恢复到正常 ,这种控制方式有效地减弱了主蒸汽压力与床层温度之间的耦合关系。该系统结构简单、实用 ,具有工程应用价值 ,现场运行收到较好的控制效果     

A Simulation Model for the Evaluation of the Electrical Power Potential Harnessed by a Marine Current Turbine

This paper deals with the development of a Matlab-Simulink model of a marine current turbine system through the modeling of the resource and the rotor. The simulation model has two purposes: performances and dynamic loads evaluation in different operating conditions and control system development for turbine operation based on pitch and speed control. In this case, it is necessary to find a compromise between the simulation model accuracy and the control-loop computational speed. The blade element momentum (BEM) approach is then used for the turbine modeling. As the developed simulation model is intended to be used as a sizing and site evaluation tool for current turbine installations, it has been applied to evaluate the extractable power from the Raz de Sein (Brittany, France). Indeed, tidal current data from the Raz de Sein are used to run the simulation model over various flow regimes and yield the power capture with time.     

潜标式海洋探测仪控制系统及模块设计

基于CORTEX M4内核的STM32嵌入式系统,设计并实现了用于长期监测海洋地理环境参数(温度、盐度、湿度等)的潜标式海洋探测仪,给出了主控系统及各个模块的设计方案及选型,通过合理的功能分配,可靠的硬件设计和有效的软件实现,使探测仪具备低功耗、高可靠的特点。海试实验表明,主控系统实现了对探测仪的浮力调节、能源供电及应急处置等状态控制,通过在SOFAR声道工作,完成了对深海海洋要素的实时监测。     

浙江海洋浮标监测数据质量控制体系设计

准确有效的数据是开展各项海洋科学研究的基础和前提。与传统采样监测流程不同,海洋浮标在线监测从样品采集到数据结果完全实现自动化,数据质量控制的重点也不再聚焦于样品采集和分析测试阶段。文章选用浙江近年的浮标监测数据,结合浮标监测特点,从浮体稳定性、仪器设备校准、系统运行维护、数据传输接收、比对监测和异常值判定等关键环节,对浙江近岸海洋浮标监测数据质量控制体系进行设计,重点聚焦异常值判定和比对监测;建立质量控制方法库,提出浮标数据质量控制的有效、可信和相对准确3个层级的异常值判定规则,具有首创性,其中第一层为去除明显的故障值、异常值和离群值等无效数据后得到的有效数据集,第二层是经方法库选取合适的质控方法处理后得到的可信数据集,第三层是根据现场比对监测结果验证后的相对准确数据集。以浙江海洋浮标监测数据为基础提出的浮标监测数据质量控制体系的设计思路和方法,将有助于整体提升浙江近岸海域浮标在线监测数据质量,可为全国海洋浮标监测数据质量控制以及相关数据质量控制提供参考。     

海洋灾害监控防控系统建设研究——以连江海洋减灾综合示范区为例

文章结合连江海洋减灾综合示范区的总体建设情况,重点分析海洋灾害监控防控系统的构建思路和成果应用,主要包括海洋在线监测系统、海洋灾害信息发布系统、海洋减灾综合应急标志系统和海洋减灾综合视频监控系统,为其他地区开展以沿海重点养殖区为重点保障目标的海洋减灾综合示范区建设提供借鉴和参考。     

福建省海洋生态灾害防控辅助决策支持系统的实现和应用

文章根据福建省海洋生态灾害防控的业务需求,开发海洋生态灾害防控辅助决策支持系统,并应用到实际工作中。该系统采用B/S架构,借助GIS技术,以Web方式实现,包括赤潮、溢油和水环境异常3个子系统,可快速和规范化地实现对3种主要海洋生态灾害的应急监视监测、模式预测、应急处置和辅助决策支持的信息化全流程管理,可全面提高海洋行政主管部门的灾害应急响应能力,有效减轻海洋生态灾害损失,为福建省海洋生态灾害防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。     

An Effective Control System of Thrust and Moment Modulation for a Dynamically Positioned Vessel

Dynamic positioning (DP) is an operation method whereby the position of a surface vessel is maintained in close proximity to a required position in the horizontal plane through the controlled application of forces and moments generated by purposely installed thrusters. When estimating thrust, this kind of conventional control system often uses many acceleration sensors, velocity sensors, environment sensors, and filters. Usually, these sensors have measured electrical errors. To reduce the number of sensors used and to decrease the measurement errors, this article presents an effective control system for estimating thrust and moment commands, which is based on energy and impulsemomentum principles. Donha and Brinati's example is followed to verify the feasibility of the present control system, which performs semisubmersible platform positioning using an LQG controller, and the results are feasible and economical. A simulated coring vessel marine positioning in southern Taiwan is presented, which can estimate the counterthrust and moment commands, and the complex environmental forces and moments are described. The results can provide a valuable control system for dynamically positioned vessels.     

An Effective Control System of Thrust and Moment Modulation for a Dynamically Positioned Vessel

Dynamic positioning (DP) is an operation method whereby the position of a surface vessel is maintained in close proximity to a required position in the horizontal plane through the controlled application of forces and moments generated by purposely installed thrusters. When estimating thrust, this kind of conventional control system often uses many acceleration sensors, velocity sensors, environment sensors, and filters. Usually, these sensors have measured electrical errors. To reduce the number of sensors used and to decrease the measurement errors, this article presents an effective control system for estimating thrust and moment commands, which is based on energy and impulsemomentum principles. Donha and Brinati's example is followed to verify the feasibility of the present control system, which performs semisubmersible platform positioning using an LQG controller, and the results are feasible and economical. A simulated coring vessel marine positioning in southern Taiwan is presented, which can estimate the counterthrust and moment commands, and the complex environmental forces and moments are described. The results can provide a valuable control system for dynamically positioned vessels.     

Geochemical evidence for variations in delivery and deposition of sediment in Pleistocene light–dark color cycles under the Benguela Current Upwelling System

Distinctive light–dark color cycles in sediment beneath the Benguela Current Upwelling System indicate repetitive alternations in sediment delivery and deposition. Geochemical proxies for paleoproductivity and for depositional conditions were employed to investigate the paleoceanographic processes involved in creating these cycles in three mid-Pleistocene intervals from ODP Sites 1082 and 1084. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) vary between 3.5 and 17.1%. Concentrations of CaCO₃ vary inversely to TOC and Al, which suggests that both carbonate dissolution and terrigenous dilution contribute to the light–dark cycles. Opal concentrations are independent of both TOC and CaCO₃, therefore eliminating diatom production and lateral transport of shelf material as causes of the light–dark cycles. δ¹³C_org and δ¹⁵N_tot values do not vary across light–dark sediment intervals, implying that the extent of relative nutrient utilization did not change. The stable δ¹⁵N_tot values represent a balanced change in nitrate supply and export production and therefore indicate that productivity was elevated during deposition of the TOC-rich layers. Parallel changes in concentrations of indicator trace elements and TOC imply that changes in organic matter delivery influenced geochemical processes on the seafloor by controlling consumption of pore water oxygen. Cu, Ni, and Zn are enriched in the darker sediment as a consequence of greater organic matter delivery. Redox-sensitive metals vary due to loss (Mn and Ba) or enrichment (Mo) under reducing conditions created by TOC oxidation. Organic matter delivery impacts subsequent geochemical changes such as carbonate dissolution, sulfate reduction and the concentration of metals. Thus, export production is considered ultimately responsible for the generation of the color cycles.     

An Operational Circulation Modeling System for the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank Region—Part I: Basic Elements

The basic elements of a prototype operational data assimilation modeling system that can provide near-real-time information on the ocean water property and circulation environment in the Gulf of Maine (GOM)/Georges Bank (GB) region are described in this paper. This application of the Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) model includes development of protocols for the following: 1) the production of model initial fields from an objective blending of climatological and feature model (FM) hydrographic data with fishing-boat-measured bottom temperature data, 2) the ldquowarm startrdquo of the model to produce reasonably realistic initial model fields, 3) converting real-time Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC, Monterey, CA) model nowcast and forecast winds and/or National Data Buoy Center (NDBC, Stennis Space Center, MS) operational wind measurements to model wind stress forcing fields, and 4) the assimilation of satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST). These protocols are shown herein to evolve the initial model fields, which were dominated by climatological data, toward more dynamically balanced, realistic fields. Thus, the model nowcasts, with the assimilation of one SST field, are well positioned to produce reasonably realistic ocean fields within a few model days (MDs).