LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS ON NEPHROSELMIS GAOAE SP.NOV.(PRASINOPHYCEAE)

Nephroselmis gaoae sp.nov.is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations ofcultured material originally collected and isolated from seawater of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.Theperiplasts on the cell body and flagella are covered by five types of scales,two types on the flagella andthree on the body.Among these,the morphology and the number of spines of large stellate body scalesdiffer remarkably from those of previously described species of Nephroselmis.Apart from these,the unusualfine structure of the eyespot(stigma)is very characteristic.As in the other species of Nephroselmis,theeyespot lies immediately under the two-membraned chloroplast envelope;unlike the others,however,it isnot composed of a number of osmiophilic globules,but consists of about 14 curved rod-shapedosmiophilic bodies arranged loosely and randomly.This feature distinguishes the present new species notonly from the other species of Nephroselmis but also from the other motile algal species,the eyespots struc-ture     

Proteocephalus sinocyclocheili n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) in a fishSinocyclocheilus grahami tingi Fang from Yunnan, China

A new species ofProteocephalus from the fishSinocyclocheilus grahami tingi, a subspecies endemic to Fuxian Lake in Southwest China,is described. This is the first report of cestode from this host. The new species differs fromP. exiguus, P. Longicollis, P. parasiluri andP. torulosus, the only other species ofProteocephalus currently reported from China, by lacking an apical sucker, fromP. exiguus by having 45–108 rather than 24–54 testes per proglottis, and a maximum of 15 rather than 28 uterine diverticula; fromP.longicollis by having an average of 45–108 rather than 75–115 testes per proglottis and testes being in a single layer instead of 2 layers; and fromP. torulosus by having 45–108 instead of 150 testes per proglottis and testes being in 3–4 layers; and fromP. parasiluri by having 45–108 rather than 180 testes per proglottis. It resemblesP. percae, P. pollanicola, andP. thymalli in number of testes and uterine diverticula, but differs by lacking an apical sucker.Proteocephalus thymalli, like the new species, has a vagina that opens dorsally to the cirrus sac, butP. thymalli slao has postovarian testes, which the new species lacks. The possible significance of parasitological examinations of the other two subspecies ofS. grahami in two lakes close to Fuxian Lake is discussed in relation to host speciation and coevolution of the host-parasite system.     

A new “tetrasporangial” species ofLiagora (Rhodophyta. Nemaliales) from Hawai’i

A new species ofLiagora, L. perennis sp. nov. from Hawai’i, is described. Unlike species of this genus in China, it is carpotetrasporangial, and at the place of expected carposporangia bears cruciately divided tetrasporangia, a detail which differentiates it from the usual species ofLiagora without tetraspores that have been reported in China. Notes are provided on otherLiagora species that have an impact on the taxonomy of species found in China. Dedicated to the memory of Zhang Junfu(C. F. Chang) whose studies on marine algae I respect highly, and whose good-humored friendship I treasure.     

Reproductive morphology ofEucheumagelatinae (Esper) J. Agardh (Solieriaceae,Gigartinales, rhodophyta)

Eucheuma gelatinae (Esper) J. Agardh has vegetative and reproductive features distinguishing it from other species ofEucheuma. The occurrence of reproductive nemathecia containing carpogonial branches, auxiliary cells and post-fertilization stages including gonimoblast and pericarp initiation, fusion cell formation stages and carposporophyte development are described and ilustrated for the first time for this species. Contribution No. 2380 of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A new marine ciliate,Amphileptus litonotiformis nov. SP. (Protozoa Ciliophora)

The morphology and infraciliature of a marine ciliateAnphileptus litonotiformis nov. sp. inhabiting a shrimp farming pond in Sheyang (Jiangsu Province) are described. According to the infraciliature, habitat, and other morphological characters, it can not be congeneric with any other species of the genus. The special features ofA. litonotiformis are theLitonotus-like body shape and the arrangement of its extrusomes regularly located along the margin of the cytostome. The most important characters of some relatedAnphileptus-species from marine water are biometrically tabled and discussed.     

Length frequency analysis ofPleuragramma antarcticum,Electrona antarctica,Protomyctophum bolini

British Antarctic Survey (BAS) data collected near the Antarctic Peninsula area were used in this 1988/1989 study on the length frequency of three Antarctic fish species (Pleuragramma antarcticum, Electrona antarctica and Protomyctophum bolini) showing that the standard length (SL) ofP. Antarcticum ranged from 26.0 mm to 161.0 mm, that the 26.0 mm to 54.0 mm SL juveniles could be considered to be the age group 1 fish, and that the SL ofE. antarctica ranged from 39.4 mm to 89.7 mm for the males and 48.0 mm to 118.0 mm for the females, which may contain at least 6 age groups. This is more than previously thought.P. Bolini had 29.2 mm to 60.2 mm SL and complicated age composition.     

Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth （Batrachospermaceae, Rhodophyta） in China

Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from China are described in this paper. B. yunnanense sp. nov. has long-cylindrical trichogynes with long stalks and is diagnostic of section Virescentia. Within this section, B. yunnanense is similar to B. helminthosum Bory emend. Sheath et al., but it is dioecious and has curved carpogonial branches, while the latter is monoecious and has straight carpogonial branches. It is also similar to B. transtaganum Reis, but it differs from the latter in long carpogonia,big carposporophytes and carposporangia. It is considered that B. nothocladoideum sp. nov. is assigned to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because its carpogonial branches are twisted and gonimoblast filaments are loosely agglomerated. This new species similar to B. iriomotense Kumano, but with short fascicles, long-ovoid or subpyriform cells, numerous terminal hairs, long-ellipsoid trichogynes, big carposporophytes and small carposporangia. The plant is quite tough and cartilaginous and similar to Nothocladus in gross morphology, but its carposporophytes are compact instead of diffuse. This shows that it may be a transitional species between section Contorta and genus Nothocladus. So, B. transitorium sp. nov. should belong to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because of its curved or twisted carpogonial branches and loosely agglomerated gonimoblast filaments, with globose or subglobose cells in fascicles similar to B. spermatiophorum Vis et Sheath, but no colourless spermatiophores. In terms of small and numerous carposporophytes, B. transitorium sp. nov. is similar to some species of section Batrachospermum. However, their other features are unique, indicating its transitional nature between section Contorta and Batrachospermum.     

Redescription and taxonomic reconsideration ofNemertopsis gracilis var.bullocki Coe, 1940

Specimens ofNemertopsis gracilis var.bullocki Coe, 1940 collected from Huian, Fujian Province, China, are described. The variety is upgraded to specific level on the basis of: the dorsal surface having a pair of blackish brown longitudinal stripes meeting anteriorly with a broad transverse band of the same color; the proboscis having 11–13 distinct proboscis nerves in its longitudinal muscle layer. Project 39170111 and 39470097 supported by NSFC.     

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PUFFERFISH OF GENUS TAKIFUGU BY RAPD ANALYSIS

AmpLifications with 300 10-base primers under predetermined optimal reaction yielded 2762 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000 bp. Genetic distances among five species of Takifugu and Lagocephalus spadiceus as outgreup were calculated based on the presence/absence of the amplified fragments. Topological phylogenie trees of the 5 species of Takgfugu and the outgroup were gen-erated by Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining analysis based on RAPD data set. The genetic distance between T. rubripes and T. pseudommus was almost the same as that between individuals within each species, but was much smaller than that among T. rubripes, T. pseudommus and the other species. The molecu-lar data from RAPD analysis convincingly showed that T. rubripes and T. pseudommus should be the same species.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEROCILA （ISOPODA： CYMOTHOIDAE） FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new species of cymothoid Isopeda, Nerocila donghaiensis, collected from the body of a sciaenid fish, Johnius sp., is described in the present paper. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of genus Nerocila by its endoped of uropods with deep notch, sharply serrated on the lateral margin and strongly serrated on the medial margin; antennule with 1 st article swollen; dactyli of pereopods Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ swollen.     

Studies on intercropping ofPorphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng with Bay ScallopArgopecten irradians Lamarck

Results of the experiment of northward transplantation ofPorphyra haitanensis showed that intercrop ofP. haitanensis with Bay Scallop is feasible because the growth duration of both of them is about the same in August–December. Full use of cultivating area, lowering its cost and increasing its product per unit area as well as improving the ecological environment are realized during intercrop. Contribution No. 2152 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

On a new species ofPavlova (Prymnesiophyceae) from China

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0.3 μm long and hook-shaped, 3) long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species andP. salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another. Contribution No. 1879 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Synedra ulna var. repanda,a new variety of Synedra （Bacillariophyta） from Xinjiang,China

Synedra ulna var, repanda Q. X. Wang ＆ Q. M. You, a new variety of Synedra （Bacillariophyta） from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated, and the characteristic of the variety： includes undulate-linear valves and straight pseudoraphe, differs from other species of Synedra.     

Comparative studies on the larval development of the penaeid shrimps,Penaeus Chinensis,P. merguiensis andP. penicillatus

The morphology of larval and 1st postlarval stages ofPenaeus penicillatus are described. Results from comparative studies on larval development ofP. penicillatus, P. merguiensis andP. chinensis are as follows: These three species could not be identified during their naupliar stages. In the 1st protozoea, the antennule L1/L2 value is 1.7–2.0 inP. merguiensis, but less than 1.7 inP. chinensis andP. penicillatus; in the 2nd protozoea, the supra-orbital spine inP. chinensis is not bifurcated, while those ofP. merguiensis andP. penicillatus are bifurcated; in the 3rd protozoea, there is a minute (or no) dorso-median spine on the posterior margin of the 1st and 2nd abdominal somite inP. chinensis, but they are prominent inP. merguiensis andP. penicillatus. In the mysis and 1st postlarval stages,P. chinensis differs fromP. merguiensis andP. penicillatus in having 9 (8 in the other 2 species) long setae on the exopod of pereopods 1–3; additionally, one dorsal tooth appears on the rostrum ofP. chinensis in the 2nd mysis and that of the other 2 species in the 3rd mysis;P. chinensis has 2 (mostly) or 1 dorsal tooth on the rostrum in the 3rd mysis and 2–3 in the 1st postlarva, whileP. penicillatus andP. merguiensis have only 1 in the 3rd mysis and 1st postlarva. Comparative studies on larval development showedP. penicillatus has closer affinity withP. merguiensis than withP. chinensis. Contribution No. 2218 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Molecular identification of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) species

A fragment of a large sub-unit ribosomal DNA (LrDNA) of 12 strains ofProrocentrum species was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were digested by 3 restriction endonucleases (Cfo I, Hae III, and RSA I) and then resolved in agarose gels. Results show that different species had different RFLP patterns, except forP. arcuatum (ME 131), which had the same pattern toP. micans (ME160 and 04). The same fragment of 19 strains of the genus was also amplified and subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). 11 different patterns were resolved. Different cultures of a same species had the same pattern. The results of RFLP and DGGE analyses showed that eight newly isolated epibenthicProrocentrum species were different from each other, and also from other cultured ones examined in this study.P arcuatum (ME132) could not be differentiated fromP. micans (ME160 and 04), it was probably mis-identified, since they are quite different morphologically.P. redfieldii (ME138) could also not be distinguished formP. triestinium (ME132), it should be regarded as a synonym ofP. triestinium. Unexpectedly, a restriction site was found inP. micans, compared with previous sequence data. Project supported by National Basic Research Priorities Program (2001CB409701, 2001CB409710) and supported by NSFC (40376040, 40025614)     

A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Tinocladia （Chordariales,Phaeophyta） in China Coasts I. Two new species, T. eudesmoides sp.nov, and T. zhangii sp.nov.

Two new species of the genusTinocladia Kylin (1940)T. eudesmoides Ding et Lu sp. nov. andTinocladia zhangii Ding et Lu sp. nov., are described.T. eudesmoides is mainly characterized by its longitudinally and transversely produced sub-cortical filaments from the medulla, its short uniseriate assimilating filaments, usually composed of 6–10 cells with slightly swollen and narrow ultimate cells, and its unilocular sporangia (60–115)×55–70μm, variable in size.T. zhangii is mainly characterized by its very solid frond, not rip apart by hands, its evident longer primary branches, its short and slender secondary branches, with very evident sub-cortical layer, and filaments divided repeatedly, and its large and small unilocular sporangia, with the latter borne on an evidently swollen pedicel. Project B80981816 supported by the NSFC. Contribution No. 4443 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.     

Observation of female gamete (Carpogonia) germination of Porphyra yezoensis and P. oligospermatangia

Several papers have reported that part or whole leafy thallus seemingly consisting of zygotospores can give rise to both blades and conchocelis in the same culture ofPorphyra. Study on samples of wild and cultivatedPorphyra yezoensis andP. oligospermatangia were conducted to clarify the origination of the young blades in the culture. It is confirmed that single cells on the blade of both species, which normally intermixed with zygotospores, germinated into young blades. TEM and SEM observation has shown that the single cells ofPorphyra yezoensis had typical features of female gamete (carpogonia) but archeospore. Therefore, the female gametes are responsible in developing leafy thalli. This project was sponsored by the NSFC (No. C-0205-05-39770593)