大面积采动矿区水环境灾害特征及防治措施

矿山采动前后,相应伴生水系调整和水体污染,产生水环境灾害。以阜新新邱矿区为研究对象,在对环境地质情况调查分析基础上,主要从水资源流失、废旧地下采场和露天矿坑积水、矿区地表和地下水质污染等方面探讨了矿区水环境灾害的形成及特征。大面积的开采,造成矿区水资源流失严重,矿山停采后,地下水位逐渐恢复;废旧地下采场和露天矿坑形成的积水,在入渗过程中,通过运移累积、吸附转化、溶解解析和离子交换等水岩作用对地下水产生污染;矿区矿井抽排水和河流水质污染物不同程度超标。针对矿山水环境灾害,建议采用矿山地质环境治理、修建防排水及净水设施、水环境监测等手段进行防治,以使矿区环境得到根本改善。     

采动影响下矿区地下水主要水-岩作用与水化学演化规律

煤矿开采势必破坏天然水化学环境,然而矿区多类含水层地下水系统水化学研究尚未从时空角度分析采动影响下水化学演化的本质。以临涣矿区为研究示范,基于历年常规水化学数据开展主成分分析,揭示采动影响下水化学演化过程中的水-岩作用机制。其中,第1主成分代表碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解及黄铁矿氧化作用,第2主成分代表阳离子交替吸附及脱硫酸作用。采动影响下矿区主要突水含水层地下水碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解及黄铁矿氧化作用均逐渐减弱,减弱区域不尽相同;然而,阳离子交替吸附及脱硫酸作用的变化规律不明显。研究成果为矿井突水水源识别和水资源保护与利用提供理论依据。     

基于RFPA2D的采动区水资源流失控制方法研究

在国矿、地方煤矿和个体煤矿相继开采条件下，阜新矿区八家子自然村附近地下水水位下降到地表以下43m，导致民井断水。文章运用RFPA^2D分析系统，以断水现象为例，通过对此系列采矿活动数值模拟分析，阐述了覆岩应力变化与采动裂隙发育的关系。结果表明，采动裂隙的发育（生成、扩张和贯通）及其延伸范围，与开呆方式、开采层位和地下开采条件下地下岩体应力场不断变化密切相关。随着采区不断扩大、位置不断抬高导致采动裂隙扩张和贯通，使不同的水文地质单元联合，为浅部地下水迅速流失和地下水水位快速下降创造了有利条件，造成采动区及其附近区域木资源持续流失、向深部采空区渗流汇集。由于在不同的采矿阶段，水资源流失的程度和地下水水位下降的幅度是不同的，应该采取相应的控制方法，例如，在采掘前和初期应该合理设计采掘工作面、合理预留保护煤柱；在采掘中达到较大采空区时应采取实时控制措施、堵塞渗流裂隙；最后进行综合治理。     

煤矿井充水特征及多方法预测矿坑涌水量

评价矿井充水特征和预测矿井涌水量是煤矿床水文地质勘查中一项重要和复杂的工作,不同矿区呈现出不同的水文地质特征,单方法预测矿坑涌水量风险较大,与实际出入甚远,应深入分析水文地质条件和矿床充水的各项因子,采用多方法预测矿坑涌水量。以云南省镇雄县坪上兴隆煤矿为例,分析研究水文地质条件和矿井充水特征,分别采用比拟法、地下水动力学法和回归分析法预测矿坑涌水量,为兴隆煤矿提供安全生产参考,也为矿区水资源开发和水环境保护提供依据。     

集贤-东荣矿区水文地质条件及矿井充水条件分析

集贤-东荣矿区是黑龙江省重要的大型煤产地,由于过去几十年的强力开采,致使其资源储量及水文条件发生较大变化,给矿区安全生产带来风险。通过对矿区水文地质条件及矿井充水条件的分析,认为矿井的直接充水来源为地下水含水层和老空积水;矿井的主要的充水通道为断裂构造,其次为采动裂隙、封闭不良钻孔。     

新义煤矿底板采动破坏规律及突水危险性研究

为了研究新义煤矿煤层底板的突水危险性,分析了矿区的水文地质条件,设计了底板采动破坏的测试方案,结合FLAC数值模拟软件和经验公式对底板采动破坏深度进行了分析,采用考虑矿压影响的斯列萨列夫公式对底板突水危险性进行了评价,为新义煤矿的安全合理开采提供了科学依据。     

顶板巨厚砂岩水防治方法研究与应用

随着煤炭资源不断开发,东部区域煤炭资源储量不断减少,煤炭开采逐步向西部区域转移。西部矿区的水文地质条件与东部截然不同,面临的水文地质问题主要为顶板巨厚砂岩含水层涌(突)水威胁;具有矿井涌水量随巷道开拓长度、开采面积增大而增加,多个充水含水层,采动导水裂缝带发育高度较大、导水能力强等水文地质特点。总结了西部典型矿区顶板巨厚砂岩水防治的多年工作经验,提出了防治水工作"三个体系"和防治水"十法",实施效果良好,可为西部矿区进行顶板巨厚砂岩含水层防治技术研究提供参考。     

试论煤田(矿)水文地质问题及勘探技术方法

"西部水荒,东部水害"是我国煤炭资源开发的两大水文地质问题,目前煤田(矿)水文地质工作主要问题有煤矿建设水资源保障能力不足、矿井水害威胁影响煤矿安全生产和服务年限、矿区水环境问题突出等.相应的研究内容为合理开发利用矿区供水水源、矿井防治水技术研究和水环境影响及防治措施研究.现行的勘探技术方法有综合物探技术方法、地下水化学及同位素研究和模型技术等.     

轩岗矿区刘家梁煤矿5号煤层带压开采突水危险性分析评价与防治

为了分析评价奥灰含水层对轩岗矿区刘家梁煤矿5号煤层开采威胁程度,确保矿井安全开采,根据矿井以往相关地质及水文地质资料,本文以刘家梁煤矿5号煤层底板带压开采水文地质条件为基础,通过对煤层底板奥灰含水层的富水性、隔水层的岩性组合特征、底板采动破坏深度等综合分析,利用煤层底板采动破坏深度计算分析和5号煤层底板突水系数计算等评价方法,对煤层开采发生底板奥灰突水的危险性进行了综合分析评价,得出了在完整底板情况下5号煤层可以安全回采,同时还提出了煤层带压开采的防治水技术措施。     

某煤矿区水文地质特征分析及矿井涌水量预测

利用刘家坪子煤矿区水文地质资料,对矿区水文地质条件进行分析研究,采用地下水动力学法,预测主采煤层(C5煤)开采过程中的矿井涌水量,同时采用水文地质比拟法,利用水文地质条件与该矿相似的小发路煤矿的资料,预测该矿井开采过程中的涌水量,采用地下水动力学和水文地质比拟法,分析两种计算方法的优缺点,选择比拟法作为开采初步设计的参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861