太行山地区寒武系崮山组的穿时性及沉积层序特征

崮山组是以页岩为主的岩石地层单位,在太行山地区表现了明显的穿时性。在井陉地区,崮山组仅限于崮山阶下部的Ｂｌａｃｋｗｅｌｄｅｒｉａ延限带,厚２－５ｍ,在曲阳地区,崮山组包括崮山阶及长山阶的中部,位于Ｂｌａｃｋｗｅｌｄｅｒｉａ与Ｃｈａｎｇｓｈａｎｉａ延限带之间;在涞源地区,它包括了崮山阶,长山阶及凤山阶中部,其界线位于Ｂｌａｃｋｗｅｌｄｅｒｉａ延限带与Ｔｓｉｎａｎｉａ－Ｐｔｙｃｈａｓｐｉｓ组合带之间。     

安徽淮北地区寒武系“崮山阶”—凤山阶新知

根据三叶虫Acanthometopus obesus、Trianguraspis nodus、Petalocephalus laevis、Taishaniasp.等的发现,将淮北地区捻山剖面原属凤山阶的地层划归长山阶,以Acanthometopus带作为该区长山阶最顶部的三叶虫带,淮北地区凤山阶与长山阶的界线应在Ptychaspis-Tsinania带与Acanthometopus带之间;通过与标准剖面及邻近地区的对比,淮北地区的崮山组应予解体,原崮山组上部与炒米店组岩性一致,应划入炒米店组,其下部岩性与张夏组一致,应划入张夏组,淮北地区无崮山组。淮北地区的炒米店组跨越了整个长山阶和凤山阶中下部,据岩性差异可分为上、下两段;炒米店组在华北地区具有明显的穿时性,其底界从长山阶底界跨至凤山阶顶界。     

华北地台中、上寒武统露头层序地层学研究的新认识

在生物地层对比基础之上通过对河北顺平清醒剖面、山东张夏和河北赵各庄标准剖面以及北京西山剖面的层序地层研究,将华北地台张夏阶和上寒武统自下而上划分并命名了5个总体向上变浅、以间断加深面为界的层序:张夏层序、崮山层序、崮长层序、长山层序和风山层序,并将上寒武统的4个层序与美国的相应层序进行了对比;阐述了层序地层单位与原来的生物地层、岩石地层和年代地层单位之间的关系,并用层序界面对原有岩石地层和年代地层单位的界线进行了优化;同时探讨了在克拉通陆表海背景下层序地层的发育特征以及相应的地质填图方法。     

贵州扬子地层区晚三叠世双壳类生物地层

根据贞丰龙场，毕节青场等上三叠统剖面上双壳类的垂直分布：结合区域资料，对贵州扬子地区晚三叠世双壳类划分为８个生物地层。自上而上为：１．Ｈａｌｏｂｉ ｋｕｉ“Ｄａｎｅｌｌａ”ｂｉｆｕｒｃａｔａ组合带２．Ｈａｌｏｂｉａ ｒｕｇｏｓｏｉｄｅｓ延限带；３，Ｈａｌｏｂｉａｒｕｇｏｓｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｃｏｓｔａｔｏｒｉａ ｋｗｅｉｃｈａｗｅｎｓｉｓ间隔带；４，Ｃｏｓｔａｔｏｒｉａ ｋｗｅｉｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ延限带。     

两个无效的寒武纪地层名称——长清阶、济南阶

袁金良等(2012)最近为华北的寒武系建立年代地层新单位长清阶和济南阶,用以取代与岩石地层单位重名的张夏阶和崮山阶。然而,这两个新建的阶也同样与岩石地层单位重名,是两个无效的地层单位名称。笔者建议今后在建立正式地层单位时,命名者应充分查阅已有的地层名称记录,避免重名。     

宁蒗油果木地区中二叠世含Tin地层及化石带

笔者介绍云南宁蒗油果木地区中二叠世含Ｔｉｎ地层,地层的岩石学及古生物特征,并就各期沉积环境作一简要分析。对Ｔｉｎ类动物群进行详细研究,记述了１３属４８种。依据Ｔｉｎ类的演化,自上而下建立５个Ｔｉｎ化石带,分别为：（５）Ｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ延限带;（４）Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｈｉｈｓｉａｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｌｏｎｇｉｐｅｒｔｉｃａ带;（３）Ｎａｎｋｉｎｅｌｌａ     

华北地台晚古生代含煤地层多重划分

以６０个大体均匀分布于华北地台的地层剖面为基础,以晚古生代聚煤盆地的整体性为依托,对华北晚古生代地层进行多重划分研究,在岩石地层方面,研究了地层分区、划分了１８个岩石地层单位“组”,分析了组的穿时性,在生物地层方面,重点介绍了蜒、古植物和孢粉生物地层,划分了各个组合带、延限带和顶峰带,分析了生物演化系列,空间展布和对比,提出了多方面的新认识,在年代地层方面,应用界线层型概念以及与首要门类生物地层单     

徐毛村组──一个新建的岩石地层单位

徐毛村组──一个新建的岩石地层单位房尚明（江苏地矿局地质五队，江苏徐州２２１００７）１９０７年维里士（Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ）、白维德（Ｂｌａｃｋｅｌｄｅｒ）在山东馒头山创立＂馒头页岩＂。１９５３年卢衍豪、董南庭根据岩性和三叶虫化石，将＂馒头页岩＂解体为馒头组...     

从类演化讨论贵州二叠系下限问题

从上石炭统滑石板阶—达拉阶、逍遥阶及下二叠统紫松阶类的演化特征,Triticites的时限、Triticites与Pseudoschwagerina两个延限带的关系,以及相关地层岩石组合等方面探讨二叠系底界划分问题,提出有别于现行地质年表的划分方案。     

宁蒗油果木地区中二叠世含筑蜓地层及化石带

笔者介绍云南宁蒗油果木地区中二叠世含筑蜓地层,地层的岩石学及古生物特征,并就各期沉积环境作一简要分析。对筑蜓类动物群进行详细研究,记述了１３属４８种。依据筑·蜓类的演化,自上而下建立５个筑蜓化石带,分别为：（５）Ｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ延限带;（４）Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｈｉｈｓｉ－ａｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａｌｏｎｇｉｐｅｒｔｉｃａ带;（３）Ｎａｎｋｉｎｅｌａｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａｒｉａ－Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｎａｓｕｂｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃａ带;（２）Ｍｉｓ－ｅｌｉｎａｃｌａｕｄｉａｏ带;（１）Ｓｔａｆｆｅｌａｍｏｅｌｅｒａｎａ带,同时讨论筑蜓类动物群的特征,并与国内相关地层进行了对比。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.