安徽省淮南市凤台县城岩溶塌陷地质灾害风险评价

为了更好地开展安徽省淮南市凤台县城岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治工作,通过对凤台县城岩溶塌陷地质灾害调查,结合以往成果资料分析研究,总结出区内岩溶发育特征、岩溶塌陷成因和形成机理,选取地层岩溶发育情况、松散厚度、构造、岩溶水开采量、建筑物、人口等为评价因子,并将评价因子进行量化,对凤台县城岩溶塌陷地质灾害易发性、危险性和风险性进行评价,将凤台县城岩溶塌陷地质灾害风险等级划分为中风险区和低风险区。     

浅析铜陵地区地质构造与岩溶塌陷分布的关系

正铜陵地区岩溶塌陷十分发育,为该市最突出的地质灾害,自有详细记录的1955年小街地区岩溶塌陷至2017年,先后有31处被列为岩溶塌陷地质灾害点,造成巨大的经济损失,为矿业开采、工程建设带来重大影响。区内地质构造发育,对岩溶塌陷控制作用明显。本文通过研究岩溶塌陷在地质构造上的分布特征,浅析地质构造对岩溶发育的强弱、方向、深度的影响。     

铜陵市朝山地区岩溶塌陷形成条件与地面稳定性评价分析

铜陵市朝山地区岩溶塌陷灾害是安徽省大型地质灾害隐患点。从该区基岩岩性、覆盖层特征、水文地质条件和人为影响等方面入手,利用钻探和地下水长期观测等技术手段,通过岩溶塌陷的影响因素分析,查明了研究区岩溶塌陷形成条件,评价了地面稳定性。得到主要结论如下:区内岩溶塌陷的分布受断裂控制,90%以上的塌坑位于距断裂20 m区域内;区内岩溶塌陷的发生与基岩岩性密切相关,CaO含量高有利于塌陷的发生;区内塌陷多发生于多元或二元结构地层区域;矿山排水是区内岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素。最后在查明区内岩溶塌陷形成条件的基础上,采用经验指标法对朝山地区地面稳定性进行评价分析,确定研究区为易塌陷区,须重点监测与防治。     

铜陵市狮子山矿区地下水位动态监测网建设研究

阐述狮子山矿区地下水资源开发利用现状以及地下水开发引起的环境地质问题,特别是岩溶塌陷地质灾害情况。研究认为矿山抽排地下水破坏周边地下水环境,改变区域地下水流场,成为了区内岩溶塌陷主要诱因之一。针对矿区内主要矿山、岩溶塌陷区分布位置以及现有水文井孔分布情况,初步提出狮子山矿区地下水位动态监测网建设设想,为矿区岩溶塌陷地质灾害监测预警及水资源管理部门提供参考。     

应用递进分析法对广州金沙洲地区地质灾害的评价分区

广州金沙洲地区自2007年以来,发生多起地面塌陷及地面沉降地质灾害,严重威胁居民的人身和财产安全。本文首次采用递进分析法,高精度的对金沙洲地区岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害进行评价分区,并分别从地质灾害发育度、潜势度、危险度及危害度四个方面进行研究,对金沙洲地区地质灾害情况进行评价。研究结果显示：金沙洲地区地质灾害主要为岩溶地面塌陷和地面沉降,潜在因素为区内可溶岩的广泛分布及地下水作用,直接诱发因素为人类工程活动。本研究将金沙洲地质灾害易发程度分四个等级。     

安徽省沿江地区典型岩溶塌陷区盖层－岩溶组合特征

安徽省沿江地区（铜陵、池州、安庆）岩溶塌陷地质灾害较发育,无论是开展岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治,还是监测预警,都必须研究岩溶塌陷发育的地质环境条件,掌握岩溶塌陷区盖层工程地质特征、下伏碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征以及盖层－岩溶组合关系。文章以安徽省沿江地区岩溶塌陷为研究对象,在全面收集和总结区内大量岩溶塌陷调查、勘查及监测资料,野外调查典型岩溶塌陷区的基础上,分析了典型岩溶塌陷区盖层工程地质特征、下伏碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征,并进行概化处理,建立了岩溶塌陷的盖层－岩溶组合地质模型。研究表明:区内典型岩溶塌陷区的组合主要有7种类型,最易产生岩溶塌陷的组合为“第四系盖层为粉质黏土－砂砾卵石双层结构,下伏基岩岩溶发育中等以上”;岩溶塌陷致塌机理主要为潜蚀致塌,其次为真空吸蚀致塌、振动致塌。      

铜陵地区矿山地质灾害调查技术与方法应用

铜陵地区矿山地质灾害主要有岩溶塌陷,采空区塌陷,滑坡泥石流等,对矿山生产及居民生命财产安全造成严重影响。通过对区内地质环境条件及地质灾害的调查分析,对区内地质灾害调查技术方法进行了阐述。     

山东省泰莱盆地岩溶地面塌陷影响因素分析

岩溶塌陷地质灾害的发生是一个复杂的、多因素共同作用的过程。塌陷虽然受多种因素的影响,但不外乎可溶岩类岩溶发育程度、覆盖层特征和动力条件(主要是地下水动力条件)3个基本因素。文章在总结和分析前人研究的基础上,结合最新调查成果,对影响岩溶塌陷的3个基本因素逐一分解,揭示了各因素对岩溶塌陷的影响和作用规律,探讨了岩溶塌陷地质灾害与其主要影响因素的相关关系:质纯厚层的石灰岩分布区岩溶塌陷最为发育,地质构造对岩溶塌陷具有明显的控制作用;研究区内主要岩溶塌陷区的覆盖层以多元结构为主,其次为一元结构和二元结构,区内岩溶塌陷发生于覆盖层厚度小于30m的区域;岩溶地下水位在基岩面上下波动时最易引发岩溶塌陷,岩溶塌陷点数量的自然对数与岩溶地下水位变幅近似呈线型正相关,塌陷点数量与岩溶地下水开采模数的自然对数值近似呈指数型正相关。     

西江沿岸(肇庆段)岩溶塌陷地质灾害特征

岩溶塌陷是西江沿岸(肇庆段)平原地区的主要地质灾害之一。论述研究区内岩溶塌陷的规模及危害,在分析岩溶塌陷时空分布规律、成因的基础上,针对岩溶塌陷特征提出合理规划工程建设及抽水排水、尽量避开易发岩溶塌陷地区等防治措施,为地区地下工程开发建设和防灾减灾提供地质依据。     

浅析铜陵地区地质构造对岩溶发育的影响

铜陵地区岩溶塌陷十分发育,先后有31处被列为岩溶塌陷地质灾害点,区内地质构造发育,对岩溶塌陷控制作用明显。文章在研究区域地质构造的基础上,对岩溶塌陷在地质构造上的分布形态及发育规律进行研究,重点探讨区内地质构造对岩溶发育的影响,研究可知:铜陵地区地质构造发育,主要为断裂和褶皱构造,其中北东、北北东向S型褶皱群对岩溶塌陷有明显控制作用。背(向)褶皱轴部由于拉张裂隙和张性断裂影响,岩体破碎,有利于地下水的溶蚀,岩溶作用较两翼更强烈,另一方面区内地貌格局背斜成山,向斜成谷,向斜地势较背斜低洼且开阔,地下水活动强烈,其塌陷分布较背斜密集;而断裂对塌陷的影响主要体现在对岩溶各种形态和发展的控制,尤其以北西、北东向张性或张扭性断裂带两侧岩溶塌陷最为发育。研究结果对城市规划、地质灾害防治具有重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861