南海北部海域沉积物中生物钡、碳氮同位素的组成特征及其与表层水体初级生产之间的关系

通过对采集自南海北部的D06和S0612两个短柱状沉积物样品中的不同赋存形态钡、有机碳和生物硅的含量以及有机质碳氮同位素组成的分析,结果表明沉积物中的钡主要以碎屑钡和自生的生物钡形式存在。沉积物中生物钡的含量在10.3~385.2 μg/g之间,平均值为177.0 μg/g,据此计算的新生产力在12.3~146.7 mg/（d·m2）（以碳计）之间,平均为78.9 mg/（d·m2）;D06站计算的结果和附近站位的实测值相当。沉积物中有机碳的含量在0.64%~1.34%之间,平均值为0.89%,C/N比值为4.96~5.93,平均值为5.54。有机碳的δ13C值在-22.98‰~-20.73‰之间,平均值为-21.46‰,依据端元组份同位素组成计算的陆源有机质比率显示,D06站位的有机质主要来自海洋生物,而S0612站位则受陆源有机质的影响较大。沉积物中有机质的δ15N值在3.96‰~6.29‰之间,平均值为5.26‰,反映的是该海区氮源的同位素组成,而不受硝酸盐利用率的影响。     

兴措湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素记录揭示的近代气候与环境

通过若尔盖盆地兴措湖沉积物中总有机碳及其同位素指标与器测气象资料的耦合、验证并建立函数关系,对兴措湖近代湖泊沉积物中有机碳及其同位素指标所代表的气候环境信息进行了定量研究。研究表明,兴措湖沉积物总有机碳含量与降水量之间有明显的相关性,其相关系数达－0．67,平均变率（dTC/dP)为－0．046％／mm;而有机碳同位素δ^13Corg与温度间的相关系数为－0．75,平均变率（dδ^13C/dT)为－0．84‰/C。在此基础上,建立了兴措湖沉积物总有机碳及其同位素记录与对应的降水及气温间的函数关系。     

渤海表层沉积物中有机碳的分布和来源

大河影响下的陆架边缘海沉积有机碳的分布和来源是全球碳循环研究的重要内容。本研究于2012年5月采集了渤海海域的29个表层沉积物样品,分析了粒度组成、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、木质素含量和稳定碳同位素丰度(δ13C)等参数,结合基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,定量研究了沉积物中有机碳的分布和来源情况,并讨论了其影响因素。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物中TOC含量为0.19%~0.81%,渤海中部泥质区站位(大于0.65%)明显高于其周围砂质区域站位(小于0.40%);TOC与黏土含量也有显著的正相关性,说明细颗粒沉积物容易富集有机碳。沉积有机碳的δ13C范围为-23.7‰~-21.8‰,显示沉积有机碳是海源和陆源有机碳的混合输入。木质素参数,如C/V、S/V和LPVI的数值范围显示研究区域表层沉积物中木质素主要来源于被子植物草本组织与木本组织的混合,同时有少量裸子植物的贡献。基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型显示研究区域沉积物中有机碳主要来源于海洋浮游植物,平均为64%,陆源有机碳中来自土壤的贡献最高(平均为27%),C₃维管植物的贡献较少(平均为9%)。海洋浮游植物有机碳主要分布在渤海中部泥质区及离岸较远的区域,而土壤有机碳和C₃维管植物有机碳则主要沉积在河口附近及近岸区,并可以离岸输运到较远的地方。     

南极普里兹湾沉积物中有机碳和总氮的含量与分布

利用中国多次南极科学考察获得的沉积物样品,对普里兹湾沉积物中有机碳(OC)、总氮(TN)的含量和分布以及OC/TN进行了分析。结果表明:普里兹湾表层沉积物中OC和TN的含量变化范围分别为0.14%~1.20%和0.02%~0.20%,平均值分别为0.63%和0.11%。OC/TN的变化范围为5.5~8.2,平均值为6.8。OC和TN含量呈现明显的正相关性,表明有机质来源相同,比值接近6.6,说明有机质主要为海洋生源沉积。两者平面分布趋势非常一致,且与沉积物中泥质含量呈显著正相关,湾内73°E以西区域OC和TN含量较低,而以东区域含量较高,这是上层水体生产过程和冰川携带陆源砂等因素共同作用的结果。垂直分布上,OC和TN含量总体上表层高于深层,OC含量随深度增加逐渐降低,达到一定深度后趋于稳定。较高的沉积速率加速OC的埋藏,5根柱样中OC的埋藏率为39%~91%,平均为66%,表明普里兹湾是重要的碳汇区。     

长江口表层沉积物中有机碳的来源、分布与成岩状态

在长江口及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,分析了粒级组成、有机碳(OC)含量及其稳定同位素丰度(δ13 C)、木质素和沉积色素含量和相关指标,并结合基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,讨论了此区域沉积有机碳的来源、分布和成岩状态。结果表明,长江口表层沉积物中OC含量为0.21%~0.63%,长江口泥质区和浙闽沿岸OC含量较高,而河口外陆架上含量较低;δ13C为-23.1‰~-20.9‰,显示沉积有机碳是海洋和陆地来源的混合。木质素含量(Λ8)为0.16~1.41mg/100mg OC,其组成特点显示了木质素的草本和木本被子植物的混合来源。沉积色素以叶绿素的降解产物为主,主要分布在河口外陆架上;类胡萝卜素中以岩藻黄素为主,表明硅藻是此区域浮游植物的优势类群。以δ13 C和Λ8为来源指标的端元混合模型显示长江口沉积有机碳主要来自海洋浮游植物,其贡献为54.3%~88.1%(平均70.2%),从河口向陆架逐渐升高,其次是土壤(9.3%~32.1%,平均22.3%)和C3维管植物(2.7%~13.6%,平均7.5%),两者贡献均在长江口和浙闽沿岸附近较高。沉积物粒级组成、OC含量、δ13C丰度和生物标志物含量之间显著的相关性和分布一致性表明水动力分选过程在决定陆源OC(包括土壤和C3维管植物OC)在河口外的输运和分布中发挥了重要作用。富含木质素的新鲜植物碎屑主要与粗颗粒物相联系,并主要沉积在河口附近,而贫木质素的土壤有机碳则主要赋存在细颗粒物上,可输运到离河口较远的位置。木质素降解参数,如酸醛比、3,5-Bd/V和P/(S+V)在长江口外陆架上的砂质区域相对较高,显示此区域陆源有机碳降解程度较高,而叶绿素降解产物的比例在长江口泥质区较高,则可能与泥质沉积物中较强的有机碳再矿化作用有关。     

近百年来楚科奇海域沉积环境变化的有机碳、氮记录

对"中国第五次北极科考"和"中国第六次北极科考"采集的楚科奇海陆架、海台及海盆区的5个多管样品进行210 Pb、粒度、有机碳(OC)和总氮(TN)含量及有机碳同位素(δ13 C)、总氮同位素组成(δ15 N)分析,初步获得5个多管样品近百年来的沉积速率,陆架区沉积速率为0.19~0.41cm/a,海台和海盆区沉积速率为0.03~0.04cm/a;近百年来陆架有机碳、总氮含量分别为1.21%~1.62%、0.17%~0.21%,有机碳、总氮同位素组成分别为-22.30‰~-22.25‰PDB、7.24‰~8.12‰;海台与海盆区有机碳、总氮含量分别为0.80%~1.26%、0.13%~0.16%,有机碳、总氮同位素组成分别为-22.52‰~-22.07‰PDB、7.38‰~7.81‰。陆架与海台和海盆相比,具有沉积速率高、沉积物颗粒粗、有机碳和总氮含量高的特点。近百年来楚科奇海域陆架、海台和海盆区有机碳以海洋生源输入为主,反映了北极气候变暖,水体初级生产力增加。     

南极半岛东北海域表层沉积有机质来源及其沉积环境

采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。     

珠江口沉积物有机质特征、来源及其对碳存储的意义

河口沉积物作为承接陆海过程的重要载体, 是有机质赋存的主要形式之一。本文研究了珠江口沉积物总有机碳、总氮含量和沉积物可溶性有机物三维荧光特征, 以及其在口内区、混合区和口外区空间差异和影响因素, 并结合碳稳定同位素(δ¹³C)估算了珠江口各区域沉积物中不同来源有机质的贡献。结果显示: (1)沉积物总有机碳和总氮含量空间变化相似, 口内区和混合区域沉积有机质含量显著高于口外区; 主成分分析发现, 口内区沉积有机质含量主要受径流输入的影响, 口外区主要受Fe³⁺的影响; (2)MixSIAR稳定同位素混合模型结果显示, 口内区和混合区沉积有机质以陆源为主, 口外区则以海源为主; (3)珠江口沉积物新生有机质较多, 可快速被利用, 总体上不利于有机碳存储; 而陆源输入导致口内区和混合区沉积有机质腐殖化程度较高, 有机碳可存储性相对较高, 口外受海源有机质和铁氧化物—有机质复合体的影响, 有机碳可存储性相对较低。本研究可为深入认知河口区沉积有机质的生物地球化学过程及有机碳存储提供参考。     

台湾东部黑潮区海源碳的沉积物记录与近千年来生产力与气候变化的反演

本文基于对台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物的粒度和定年,通过解析沉积物总有机碳及其同位素组成获取海源碳变化特征,首次报道了该海区近千年来的初级生产力与气候变化反演结果。研究显示,台湾以东黑潮主流区近千年来的平均沉积速率为34.44 cm/ka,沉积环境较为稳定。另外,台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物中的总有机碳和总氮含量主要受台湾东部河流输入、海洋初级生产力的沉降过程、成岩作用和粒度效应影响。对沉积物海源碳的定量估算表明,近千年来台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物中40.02%~73.88%的有机质为海源输入,陆源输送次之。同时,近千年来台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物记录较好地反映了中世纪暖期、小冰期和现代暖期3个气候变化阶段。1150-1420年期间,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮和海源碳含量缓慢升高,较高的表层海水温度有利于海洋初级生产力水平的升高。1500-1840年期间,较低的表层海水温度和亚洲大陆风尘输送水平使得海洋初级生产力较低,同时台湾地区小冰期较高的降水量有利于台湾东部河流向海输送,增强的水动力条件可能会加强海底沉积物的东移,从而导致该区域沉积物中总有机碳含量的增加。进入现代暖期以来研究区的海水温度逐渐增暖,而东亚季风强度和降水量却表现出波动的年际变化特征,并体现在研究区1930-1950年和1970年期间沉积物的中值粒径、总有机碳和总氮含量的快速波动。     

孟加拉湾中部表层沉积物有机碳分布特征及来源

通过对孟加拉湾中部110个表层沉积物样品有机碳、氮含量及粒度进行测试分析,揭示了研究区表层沉积物平均粒径、有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳/总氮(TOC/TN)的分布特征,并讨论了其有机质来源及控制因素。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物的平均粒径值为6.2~7.6Φ,平均为7.1Φ,其分布呈现出以16°N和15°N为界南北两侧海域粒度相对较细(7Φ),中间海域相对较粗(7Φ)的特点;研究区TOC的质量分数为0.37%~1.24%,平均为0.84%,TN质量分数为0.05%~0.15%,平均为0.10%,两者分布特点相似,大致以15°N和16°N为界表现出南北两侧海域高,中间海域低的特点;TOC/TN比值为6.05~12.88,平均为8.38,中部海域比值高,南北两侧低。根据TOC/TN比值估算研究区陆源和海洋自生有机质的贡献,结果表明研究区陆源与海洋自生有机质平均相对贡献分别为60%和40%。研究区有机质的分布主要受控于有机质来源及输运方式,其中浊流输运导致的溢流沉积是其最主要的控制因素。另外,粒度、河流悬浮体的输入沉降和有机质保存条件等因素也起着重要作用。     

胶州湾大沽河口潮间带沉积物中叶绿素和有机质含量的季节变化

为了解胶州湾大沽河口潮间带沉积物中底栖微藻和有机质含量的季节变化,于2010年4月至2011年2月,分4次(春、夏、秋、冬)测定分析了沉积物中的叶绿素含量和有机质含量,并分析了沉积物的粒度组成及现场温度。结果表明,表层(0～2cm)沉积物叶绿素a含量为0.42～6.06mg/kg,有机质含量为0.48%～3.71%;次表层(2～5cm)叶绿素a含量为0.13～3.53mg/kg,有机碳质量为0.31%～3.78%;深层(5～8cm)叶绿素a含量为0.14～1.95mg/kg,有机质含量为0.47%～3.72%。经统计检验和Pearson相关性分析得出,胶州湾大沽河口沉积物中的叶绿素a含量春冬两季最高,夏季和秋季最低;叶绿素a含量与深度和温度呈负相关;与所处潮带、有机质含量、粉砂黏土含量在本实验中均无显著的相关性;有机质含量与季节关系不大,高潮带最高,其含量与粉砂黏土含量呈正相关,与叶绿素含量、深度和温度关系不明显。     

南海表层沉积物与水柱中沉降颗粒物对比研究及其古环境再造意义

分析了南海62个表层沉积物样品中生源(有机质、碳酸钙和蛋白石)和非生源(岩源物质)组分的含量变化和分布特征,并以沉积学分区为基础,结合5个沉积物捕获器站位,将南海划分为N、C-NE、SW和S 4个区域,对比分析了各区表层沉积物和水柱中沉降颗粒物中各组分含量、沉积通量分布特征和变化,探讨了表层沉积物的输出生产力、沉降颗粒物的初级生产力及真光层下100 m输出生产力三者之间的对应关系.结果显示:南海4个海域表层沉积物中各组分平均含量多数低于沉降颗粒物中的平均含量,而碳酸钙、岩源物质的沉积通量却多数高于沉降颗粒物中的沉积通量,分析得出表层沉积物中各组分平均含量和沉积通量不仅受水柱中各组分输出量影响,还受到陆源物质输入、溶解作用和上层水体营养盐影响.南海表层沉积物中生源组分沉积通量大小对应其输出生产力的大小.但是,由于陆源有机质、生源颗粒侧向漂移的影响,表层沉积物的输出生产力大小分布并不完全对应沉降颗粒物的初级生产力大小分布,尽管南海真光层下100 m输出生产力与沉降颗粒物的初级生产力比值与世界大洋"f"比平均值基本一致,但是,明显低于表层沉积物的输出生产力大小,只有在沉降颗粒物的初级生产力较高区域,真光层下100 m输出生产力大小才最接近表层沉积物的输出生产力大小.     

Total organic carbon and nitrogen contents in surface sediments of Harima Nada,eastern Seto Inland Sea,Japan: a comparison under two different trophic states

Phytoplankton abundance in the surface waters of Harima Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea of Japan, decreased after around the late 1970s following a reduction of terrestrial phosphorous inputs, and relatively low levels persisted thereafter. This symptom of de-eutrophication in recent decades might have reduced organic matter storage in surficial sediments. To test this possibility, we examined total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) contents of Harima Nada sediments in 2011, and compared the results to past data from more eutrophic states. In 2011, the TOC and TN varied horizontally within the basin, in relation to physicochemical properties (water and mud content) and phytoplankton remnants (pheo-pigments) of the sediments. These horizontal patterns were fundamentally similar to those of the early 1980s (1982–1983), although discrepancies between the periods were observed in some areas. Differences of mean TOC and TN in the 0–2 cm layer at 63 stations from 1982–1983 to 2011 were consequently <10 %. Hence, the recent de-eutrophication in Harima Nada was associated with little overall change of TOC and TN storage in the sediment. In Harima Nada, changes in water clarity and particle size composition of the sediment seem to have occurred during recent decades. The aforementioned paradoxical phenomenon may therefore be explained by factors that are affected by these environmental changes. Such factors include the ratio of export flux to the seafloor to phytoplankton production, phytoplankton biomass and production in the entire euphotic zone, and accumulation rate of surface sediment.     

福建省兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾潮间带沉积物岩心碘研究

用碱熔法处理样品,水沥取,用分光光度法测量了采集自福建省兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾3个海湾潮间带沉积物岩心的碘分布。兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾3岩心中的碘含量分别为2.5~43.7,17.3~39.6和11.3~29.1 mg/kg。3个沉积物岩心中的碘含量稍高于福建省的土壤的碘含量,与我国海域的沉积物碘含量在同一水平,但明显低于文献报道的开阔海域沉积物的碘含量。兴化湾和东山湾沉积物中的碘与有机碳含量有较好的相关性;在九龙江河口采集的岩心中的碘与有机物碳含量的相关性较差。推测海洋源的沉积物碘与有机碳含量相关性较好,而陆源沉积物的碘与有机碳含量相关性较差。     

Direct barite determination using SEM/EDS-ACC system: implication for constraining barium carriers and barite preservation in marine sediments

Barite (BaSO₄) in marine sediments is considered as a proxy of surface ocean productivity and is widely used for paleo-productivity reconstructions. However, direct barite determination is not achieved by currently used methods, which rely on the measurement of total barium by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and correction from the allogenic Ba contribution. We report here on a technique that directly counts individual barite crystals using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled to an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) equipped with an automated particle counting and classification (ACC) system. We show that barite–Ba concentrations can be deduced from the abundance, shape and size distributions of barite crystals with current precision and sensitivity as high as ±5 wt.% (2σ confidence limit) and 10 ppm, respectively. This technique, coupled with ICP-MS and INAA techniques for total Ba measurements, was applied to sediment samples from the tropical North Atlantic and the Central North Pacific oceans. Results show that: (1) barite and detrital aluminosilicates are the two main carriers of Ba in the investigated sediments; (2) calculated Ba/Al ratios range from 0.005 to 0.008 with an average value around 0.0066, in close agreement with previously reported values; (3) barite might not be the major source for released barium out of sediments and we suggest instead adsorbed barium as a potential source.     

Selective removal of trace elements from the Baltic by suspended matter

Suspended matter was collected at 30 stations in the Baltic and Kattegatt, at the thermocline and at the bottom, and analysed for Na, Ca, Mg, Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ni and V. The composition of the suspended matter varies considerably, but can be described as a mixture of: (1) 12–25% terrigenous detritus with much Si, Al, Ti and Fe; (2) 75–88% biological matter with much Ni, V and Ba; and (3) some Mn-oxyhydroxide.The annual efflux of water from the Baltic is about 460 km³, with a suspended load in the Baltic straits of ～1.2–3.6 mg ash material l^?1 These values imply that much Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Sr, Ni and V and particularly much Ba and Mn are lost from the Baltic in the suspended load.The average suspended matter is richer in Mn(5×), Ba(2.5×), Sr(4×) and V(1.8×) than permanently depositing Baltic sediments. These constituents are relatively enriched in pelagic deposits, i.e. it is likely that much Mn, Ba and V in deep-sea sediments derive from the continents via suspended transport. This conclusion is supported by the similarity between suspended matter and average Atlantic pelagic sediment.     

Interfacial geochemistry of barium in suspension and sediment from Zhujiang Estuary

Chemical forms of Ba are determined in samples of suspension and sediment from the Zhujiang Estuary. Their interfacial geochemical processes are discussed. Total suspended Ba content is between 2. 4 and 40. 4 μg/L, and mostly exists in the crystalline form (43. 5%), secondly in the Fe-Mn oxidative form (23.1%). Percentages of organic, carbonate and exchangeable forms are 14. 8%, 11. l%and 7.4%, respectively. Total content of Ba in the sediment is between 158. 6 and 48. 0 ug/g. Percentages of crystalline form, Fe-Mn oxidative form and carbonate form are 78. 4% ,13. 5%and 8. 2%, respectively. Organic and exchangeable forms are not detected. The study on the mechanism of interfacial movement suggests that the salinity range of 10 is the turning point for the varied distribution of Ba. The subsidence of crystalline form affects the decrease of Ba content in suspension. The decrease mostly takes place in the salinity range lower than 10, which corresponds to the high value of Ba content in the sediment. The     

东海陆架晚第四纪沉积物化学成分及物源示踪

东海陆架EA1孔和EA5孔沉积物化学成分变化范围较大。与东海陆架表层沉积物相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Al,Mg,Mn,Ti,P,Ba,Zr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr明显偏高，而Fe,Na,Ca,Sr,Li,U明显偏低，与全球大陆地壳化学组成相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Li,Rb,Ba,Th,Zr,Hf,Cu,Zn,Pb偏高，而Al,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Ti,P,Sr,U,Co,Ni,V,Cr偏低，钻孔沉积物的化学成分在垂向上具有明显变化，主要受岩性和沉积环境的控制，钻孔沉积物中元素的富集因子（EF）均小于10，接近于1，表明钻孔沉积物主要来自大陆地壳，一些元素因分异或外来物质加入而富集，一些元素则因分异带出而亏损，钻孔沉积物源区的DF值判别表明，钻孔沉积物与现代黄河，长江沉积物均有亲缘关系，可能是在末次冰期最盛期，由于气候带南移，干旱区域扩大，在古长江搬运沉积物中类似现今黄河沉积物的干旱组分明显增加，从而导致了地球化学示踪结果的长江与黄河双重性，或者说古气候的变化导致了古长江搬运物质成分的变化。     

Major,Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in the Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin: Their Source and Distribution

Abstract

A large number of surface sediments as well as short sediment cores collected in the Central Indian Ocean Basin have been subjected to various geochemical investigations during the last one and half decade. The studies varied, covering different aspects of sediments and resulting in a number of publications. In the present article, we have put together the data from 82 surface sediments and 14 short sediment cores, including 25 new analyses, to study the trend of their distribution and source at large. The distribution maps of elements show that highest concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, and biogenic opal in the surface sediment occurs between 10°S and 16°S latitude, where diagenetic ferromanganese nodules rich in Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn are present. The studies highlight that the excess element concentration (detrital unsupported) such as Mn, Cu, Ba, Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn have contributed >80% of their respective bulk composition. These excess elements exhibit strong positive correlation with each other suggesting their association with a single authigenic phase such as Mn oxide. Biogenic opal contributes 30–50% of the total silica in the siliceous sediment. Aluminum, Fe, and K have contributed >60% from terrigenous detrital source compared to their bulk composition. In calcareous ooze, Ca, and Sr excess contribute >95% while, in siliceous ooze it is only 50% of their bulk composition. Nearly 35% of structurally unsupported Al in the sediment raises doubt of using Al as a terrigenous index element to normalize the trace and minor elements. Biogenic apatite is evident by the positive correlation between Ca (<1%) and P. Calcium, Sr, and P depict a common source such as biogenic. Bulk element concentration such as Li, V, Cr, Sc, and Zr are positively correlated with Ti indicating their terrigenous detrital source. Rare earth element (REE) concentration increases from calcareous ooze to siliceous ooze and reaches a maximum in the red clay. Presence of positive Eu-anomaly in these sediments has been attributed to aeolian input. REE in these sediments are mostly carried by authigenic phases such as manganese oxide and biogenic apatite. Based on the distribution of transition elements in the sediment cores, three distinct zones—oxic at top, suboxic at intermediate depth, and a subsurface maxima—have been identified. Oxic and suboxic zones are incidentally associated with high and low micronodule abundance in the coarse fraction (>63 μm) respectively. Ash layers encountered at intermediate depth between 10 to 35 cm are correlative with the Youngest Toba eruption of ～74ka from Northern Sumatra. This ash is mainly responsible for the high bulk Al/Ti ratio up to 48.5 (three times higher than Post Archean Australian Shale), other than scavenging of dissolved Al by biogenic components.     

南黄海表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征

分析了在南黄海采集的295个站位的表层沉积物样品的微量元素含量和500个站位的粒度参数,研究了南黄海沉积物微量元素含量、平均粒径和判别函数的分布特征及微量元素、沉积物类型和平均粒径的相关性。南黄海沉积物微量元素分布由于物质来源和与沉积物类型相关性的不同,表现出明显不同的分布规律:Sr分布与黄河、长江和生物碎屑碳酸盐的贡献有明显关系;Ba分布与黄河、锦江物质供给有关;东部Rb元素分布反映了韩国河流沉积物对南黄海东部的影响;Co分布反映了长江物质的运移方向。Ba和Cu与沉积物类型相关性不明显,不受沉积物粒度控制;Sr、Co、Rb则可以用于区分黄河、长江和韩国河流沉积物的来源。