多尺度土地利用数据库构建过程中的拓扑一致性维护

逻辑一致性是空间数据质量的重要特征之一。数据一致性维护涉及基础地理数据、土地利用数据、土地权属数据和基本农田数据等多个要素类型和多种几何类型,总结土地利用数据库中多源数据集成产生的各种拓扑关系情形。结合数据的地理意义,重点研究线线拓扑关系、面线拓扑关系和面面拓扑关系经综合后可能产生的不一致性,提出基于G IS叠置分析和...     

土地利用图综合流程研究

土地利用图作为一种典型的专题地图,其综合是目前我国正在进行的第二轮土地利用总体规划工作的一部分,所以研究土地利用图综合具有重要的意义。土地利用图空间上全覆盖、无重叠以及语义上层次化的特点决定了土地利用图的综合是一个复杂的过程。土地利用图的综合过程大致可以分为预处理、图形简化、狭长图斑线化、小图斑综合（聚合和融合）以及综合质量评价等几个步骤,结合实际工作对各个步骤进行详细的阐述,结果证明文中采用的方法基本能够实现土地利用图的自动综合,并且综合结果能够满足用户需求。     

土地利用现状图综合方法探讨

以福建省某市土地利用现状图编制项目为例,对土地利用现状图综合方法和技巧进行了探讨,针对图件综合过程中的具体问题,利用GIS软件,采用人机交互的方式,实现了地图综合的半自动化,提高了土地利用现状图编制的效率。     

土地利用数据库综合中图斑拓扑关系的创建和一致性维护

以LANDUSE DAT文件为例,论述了土地利用地图综合中图斑多边形拓扑关系的特点、数据结构定义及生成方法,阐述了土地数据库综合过程中图斑拓扑关系一致性的维护方法。     

土地利用图中线状要素综合的质量评价

作为土地利用图综合的一个重要组成部分,线状要素综合质量的好坏对于有效提高自动制图综合的正确率具有重要意义。本文基于模糊综合评判理论对土地利用图中线状要素的综合进行了质量评价。首先,基于制图综合约束,确定评价指标体系,组成评价因素集;其次,在确定评判集和权重集的基础上,建立线状要素综合质量评价模型;最后,利用试验验证了评价方法的有效性。该研究为客观评价土地利用图中线状要素的综合质量提供了新的思路。     

第二次土地资源调查数据建库中的土地利用图综合缩编

结合实际工作讨论了土地利用图综合缩编的技术路线,包括图斑综合前的最邻近地块探测、综合规则建立、图斑合并的方法、综合结果的面积平衡性评价等。     

一种基于降维技术的街区综合方法

大比例尺城市建筑物综合一直是自动综合研究的重点。利用大比例尺城市建筑物和街道之间存在几何空间互补的特点,提出依据建筑物骨架线和街道骨架线对街区进行综合的新方法。定义骨架线提取方法,分析建筑物骨架线和街道骨架线之间的特性,在此基础上,提出基于降维技术的建筑物合并、化简、位移等综合方法。进一步,充分概括了本方法在自动综合技术实现上的优越性,并通过实验证明其有效性。     

国土资源调查数据地图综合狭长图斑的中剖分处理

国土资源调查获得的土地利用图在服务不同层次、不同级别国土规划管理应用中,面临着多级数据库建设与地图综合缩编的任务需求.土地利用图中狭长图斑的中轴化是其中不可缺少的关键操作之一.针对土地利用数据全覆盖、无重叠、无缝隙及语义上多层次的特点,本文提出一种密集覆盖多边形数据的中轴化处理与拓扑关系维护的方法,用“剖分”与“归并”...     

制图综合中建筑物多边形的合并与化简

讨论了数字环境下顾及建筑物矩形几何特征的多边形自动综合算法,针对多边形之间的拓扑邻近与视觉邻近两种空间关系,提出了基于矢量和基于栅格的两种建筑物多边形合并方法。关于建筑物形状的化简,本文提出了矩形差分方法,并在此基础上建立了建筑物多边形化简的层次化途径。     

面向任务地图综合中要素的语义性权重判定

在综合过程中,不仅要考虑要素细节的几何性权重,还要考虑不同要素类的语义性权重,即要素类在地图空间中表示的详细度由该要素类和用户、用户任务的相关度决定,从而最终根据地理实体语义相似性量化地图综合中的地理实体权重。     

Subdivision of polygon parcel in land-use data generalization

In land-use data generalization, the removal of insignificant parcel with small size is the most frequently used operator. Traditionally for the generalization method, the small parcel is assigned completely to one of its neighbors. This study tries to improve the generalization by separating the insignificant parcel into parts around the weighted skeleton and assigning these parts to different neighbors. The distribution of the weighted skeleton depends on the compatibility between the removed object and its neighbor, which considers not only topological relationship but also distance relationship and semantic similarity. This process is based on the Delaunay triangulation model. This paper gives the detailed geometric algorithms for this operation.     

Subdivision of polygon parcel in land-use data generalization

In land-use data general-ization, the removal of insignificant parcel with small size is the most fre-quently used operator. Traditionally for the generalization method, the small parcel is assigned completely to one of its neighbors. This study tries to improve the generalization by sepa-rating the insignificant parcel into parts around the weighted skeleton and assigning these parts to different neighbors. The distribution of the weighted skeleton depends on the com-patibility between the removed object and its neighbor, which considers not only topological relationship but also distance relationship and semantic sim-ilarity. This process is based on the Delaunay triangulation model. This paper gives the detailed geometric al-gorithms for this operation.     

多尺度地图空间居民地语义相似度计算方法

地图综合的本质是一种空间相似变换,制图者在相似原则的指导下实施概括,读图者从包含相似性的地图中形成心象地图、重构现实世界。因此,多尺度地图空间中的相似关系研究非常重要。然而,由于相似的可计算性差,且其计算的目的在于揭示更深层次的信息,地图综合中相似关系尤其是语义相似关系的研究相对较少。针对这一问题,本文以语义功能区约束下的大比例尺街区式居民地合并（1∶1750至1∶4000）为例,基于匹配距离模型计算建筑物合并中的语义相似度,得到语义相似度在关键比例尺节点的值,并对结果进行分析、评价。试验表明,语义功能区约束下的建筑物合并符合读图者的地图认知需求,本文所述方法有助于地图更好地发挥信息传输载体的作用。     

用于数字地图自动综合的多边形合并算法

从计算几何出发,实现了能考虑到空间关系和形态要求的一种新的多边形合并算法--"凸包演化"算法,并用于自动综合软伴中,取得了较好的效果.     

Partial polygon pruning of hydrographic features in automated generalization

This article demonstrates a working method to automatically detect and prune portions of waterbody polygons to support creation of a multi‐scale hydrographic database. Water features are sensitive to scale change, therefore multiple representations are required to maintain visual and geographic logic at smaller scales. Partial pruning of polygonal features – such as long, sinuous reservoir arms, stream channels too narrow at the target scale, and islands that begin to coalesce – entails concurrent management of the length and width of polygonal features as well as integrating pruned polygons with other generalized point and linear hydrographic features to maintain stream network connectivity. The implementation follows data representation standards developed by the US Geological Survey (USGS) for the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Portions of polygonal rivers, streams, and canals are automatically characterized for width, length, and connectivity. This article describes an algorithm for automatic detection and subsequent processing, and shows results for a sample of NHD subbasins in different landscape conditions in the US.     

Centrality-based hierarchy for street network generalization in multi-resolution maps

This paper introduces a new hierarchy for cartographic generalisation processes, applied in street networks. The aims of implementing this hierarchy are to emphasise on significant street features, and to provide more free spaces between street features. The hierarchy is obtained from the functional classes of the features and four centrality measures in a street network, i.e. betweenness, reach, straightness and closeness extracted from a primary graph. The values of centrality measures change in every zoom level by calculating a radius parameter, which depends on the users’ field of view. The coefficients for the measures are constructed using a decision-making technique called fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The weights for each of the centrality measures are computed and normalised to form the proposed hierarchy. The hierarchy is applied and used later in the thinning process to omit insignificant features from the street network in medium scales.     

An integrated framework for linear pattern extraction in the building group generalization process

Building pattern extraction is an essential step in building generalization. Although many studies have already been conducted, there is a lack of a framework for extracting building patterns. To overcome this problem, an integrated framework for extracting building linear patterns is presented. First, an aggregation function is presented based on the TOPSIS method, which determines the similarity index in terms of area, shape, rectangularity and distance similarities. This results in the extraction of straight and perpendicular patterns using the similarity index and orientation difference criteria. Second, a refinement strategy is proposed, which refines the extracted patterns using a novel definition of the pattern interaction index. To evaluate the proposed model, the complete building group generalization process is implemented using a data-set at 1:25 k scale. The evaluation results allowed us to conclude that the proposed model produces meaningful results, and therefore it would be beneficial in the generalization process.     

矢量曲线的视觉清晰度及在网络地图综合中的应用

互联网用户参与的地图制图容易出现视觉冲突、压盖、拥挤等地图表达问题,需要引入地图自动综合协助解决。网络地图中由于原图比例尺和综合后比例尺均难以准确量化,常规地图自动综合基于“原图比例尺-综合后比例尺”判断是否需要综合的方法已不再适用。矢量数据在可视化后会产生视觉粘连,视觉粘连越明显,地图表达效果越差,综合的需求也越强烈。基于此规律,本文提出对视觉粘连进行定量描述并据此判断是否需要综合。首先,从人类视觉感受出发,结合栅格化思想设计了矢量曲线视觉粘连的量化指标——视觉清晰度。然后,基于“金字塔式”的尺度空间计算曲线在多个比例尺表达的清晰度,并拟合了清晰度的变化函数。最后,将该函数应用于众源地理数据的网络地图综合决策。试验结果表明,本文方法可准确判断每条矢量曲线是否需要综合,能有效解决地理数据尺度异质性带来的可视化难题。同时,清晰度变化函数将曲线的尺度描述由静态数值扩展到连续函数,有望更好地支持多尺度空间数据处理及网络地图综合等问题。     

基于信息熵的面状要素在地图综合中的量测方法分析

目前,信息熵理论被广泛用于地图信息含量的量测,但对于地图综合的信息量分析评价的研究还不多。介绍信息熵理论及地图综合中的几何信息熵概念,并将其运用到面状要素的地图综合信息量量测中。在实例分析中,通过将不同地类分类,较好地反映了不同地类在地图综合中信息量的变化,说明用几何信息熵表征面状要素在地图综合中的信息量是可行的。并在之后进一步提出几何信息熵的加权理论,为进一步研究提供方向。