基于势函数点分布调整的SIFT图像配准算法

尺度不变特征转换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)是一种广泛应用于图像配准领域的点特征提取算法。针对基于SIFT的图像自动配准算法存在的特征点分布不均匀问题,提出了一种基于势函数点分布调整的图像配准方法。该方法解决了SIFT算法不能针对特征点的分布情况进行优化的问题。通过调整SIFT的比值阈值,增加配准点的数目;通过引入分子力学中的势函数概念,对特征点分布情况进行优化;通过局部互信息精纠正,微调特征点位置,以提高特征配准点的配准精度;最终实现高质量(空间分布均衡,配准精度高)的图像自动配准。     

光学卫星影像配准同名点快速提取方法

针对多源高分辨率遥感图像控制点提取时存在错误匹配点多、分布不均匀、大幅面图像特征提取效率低等问题,该文基于传统的尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法提出了一种改进的高分辨率遥感图像配准同名点快速提取方法.该方法首先将待配准图像按网格分块为子图像,并基于地理信息约束得到各子图像对应参考子图像;然后将Shi_Tomasi角点和SIFT描述子结合,在每一对子图像上进行特征点的提取与特征匹配;再利用随机采样一致性(RANSAC)算法和最小二乘迭代法剔除错误匹配点,并基于贪心算法剔除冗余的控制点,最终得到分布均匀的配准同名点.利用平原和山区两组典型多源遥感图像进行了实验,并利用提取的同名点进行图像配准,结果表明,跟传统SIFT方法、采用分区策略的SIFT方法相比,该文算法在同名点数量、匹配点对分布的均匀程度、匹配速度以及配准精度上都有较大的提高,能满足大幅面图像配准的需求.     

一种基于小波变换的图像配准方法

提出一种基于小波变换的图像配准方法.该方法首先用小波变换提取边缘特征点,同时构成小波金字塔影像.在最高层利用角度相关系数确定基准图像和配准图像之间的旋转角度,经多分辨分级搜索匹配得到最终匹配特征点对,利用这些特征点对待配准图像进行配准纠正.实验结果表明,改进方法有较好的效果,可用于广泛应用领域.     

基于MATLAB图像处理工具箱IPT函数的遥感图像配准

遥感图像配准是遥感图像拼接、信息融合的基础,是对遥感图像定量应用和研究的关键环节.MATLAB的图像处理工具箱IPT(Image Processing Toolbox)提供有基于点特征进行图像配准的函数,利用这些函数可以方便快捷地完成图像之间的配准.论文首先对图像配准及基于点特征的遥感图像配准作了详细的介绍,然后对IPT中配准函数的语法格式作了详尽的分析,并对两幅遥感图像进行了配准操作,最后对该方法进行了结论性分析,阐明该方法的应用价值与可改进之处.     

基于SURF的图像配准改进算法

针对传统的加速鲁棒性特征(speeded-up robust features,SURF)算法在图像配准中的应用现状,结合图像分块策略和相对距离理论,提出一种基于SURF的图像配准改进算法。通过图像分块策略改善提取特征点分布的均匀性;在SURF算法初匹配基础上,引用相对距离理论剔除异常匹配点,从而提高特征点匹配的精度和可靠性。选取覆盖重庆市沙坪坝实验区的Quick Bird卫星数据,以特征点正确匹配率和均方根误差RMSE为量化指标,对所提出的SURF改进算法的图像配准效果进行验证。实验结果表明,改进后的SURF算法的特征点正确匹配率达到88%以上,高于传统SURF算法的76%。通过相对距离剔除误匹配点后,最终配准结果的RMSE达到2.69个像元,符合图像配准的基本需求(RMSE在2个像元左右),具有一定的应用推广价值。     

基于特征空间的航空影像自动配准算法

为解决图像配准的出界点、噪声干扰等问题,提出一种基于特征空间的航空影像配准算法.该算法采用改进的Harris算子提取特征点(角点),并建立角点特征空间,根据三级匹配策略,实现特征点的匹配,完成图像配准.实验结果表明,该算法在旋转、缩放、噪声等多种因素的影响下具有良好的配准效果,特别是对于小重叠区域(具有75%以上出界点)的图像对,配准效果良好.     

基于改进ORB和匹配策略融合的图像配准方法

针对Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief(简称ORB)算法在图像配准中不具有尺度信息、BRIEF算法不具有旋转不变性以及特征匹配精度低等问题,本文提出一种基于改进ORB和匹配策略融合的无人机航拍图像配准方法。首先,通过简化多尺度空间检测特征点,采用稳健的RootSIFT描述符进行特征描述,用来提升特征描述的稳定性。然后,结合距离比值、双向匹配和余弦相似性测度(Cosine Similarity)匹配策略获得初始匹配。最后,利用随机抽样一致性算法(RANSAC)确定最终的特征点匹配关系,计算空间变换参数,实现图像的精确配准。实验结果表明,该方法在图像尺度、旋转和光照变化方面均表现出良好的性能,并提高了图像匹配准确率和配准精度。     

基于改进Hausdorff距离的图像配准方法

针对多尺度遥感图像灰度差异大的特点,利用特征集形状进行配准,提出了一种改进的Hausdorff距离及相应的图像匹配算法。首先采用基于尺度不变特征转换(scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)的特征提取方法,提取多尺度图像间的尺度不变特征;然后利用Hausdorff距离作为适应度函数,通过遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)寻求图像间的几何变换参数;最后将待配准图像经过几何变换以及重采样与参考图像匹配,实现多尺度遥感图像的配准。实验结果表明,改进的Hausdorff距离算法与传统的Hausdorff相比,具有较高的配准精度和较快的配准速度,且稳定性和抗噪性更高,更适合用于图像配准。     

摄影测量与遥感学

CH20060196基于特征空间的航空影像自动配准算法=Automatic Registration of Aerophotos Based on FeatureSpace/杨常清,王孝通,徐晓刚(海军大连舰艇学院),张晓娟(海军出版社)∥测绘学报.-2005,34(3).-218~222为解决图像配准的出界点、噪声干扰等问题,提出一种基于特征空间的航空影像配准算法。采用改进的Har-ris算子提取特征点(角点),并建立角点特征空间,根据三级匹配策略,实现特征点的匹配,完成图像配准。实验结果表明,该算法在旋转、缩放、噪声等多种因素的影响下具有良好的配准效果,特别是对于小重叠区域(具有75%以上出界点)的图像…     

面向震害信息提取的多源遥感图像自动配准

为了从多源遥感图像中提取震害信息,研究了一种图像自动配准的高精度算法.首先,利用Moravec算子提取图像的特征点,并采用随机抽样一致性(random sample consensus,RANSAC)算法剔除误匹配点;然后,根据特征点对图像进行对数极坐标变换,求得基准图像和待配准图像间的旋转和缩放因子;进行旋转角度和缩放系数补偿后,采用与相位相关的亚像元级算法计算图像间的偏移量;最后,利用插值算法对待配准图像进行重采样,实现待配准图像与基准图像的几何配准.将配准后的震前和震后图像作为分类目标,分别进行基于特征的分类和震害信息提取,并对分类结果进行变化检测.实验结果表明,该算法流程具有较高的鲁棒性与配准精度,适用于多源遥感图像配准,所提取的震害信息能较好地应用于震害评估.     

基于OSG的火星形貌3维建模与绘制

开展了基于开源3维渲染引擎OSG(OpenSceneGraph)的火星形貌3维建模与绘制的研究.使用地形数据库创建工具VPB(VirtualPlanetBuilder)创建了整个火星的分页数据库,并利用基于OSG的仿真平台实现了火星形貌数据的3维可视化.实验结果证明,该方法能很好地处理海量地形数据,完成火星形貌的3维重...     

三重加权变形监测预测模型及应用

针对GM(1,1)建模过程存在背景值、时间因素和初始条件3方面的不足,该文提出三重加权TPGM(1,1)预测模型。通过对背景值进行加权生成新的背景值,建立PGM(1,1)模型;在PGM(1,1)基础上考虑到时间因素,在求解灰参数时进行第2次加权建立DPGM(1,1)模型;最后考虑到初始条件对预测模型的影响,在DPGM(1,1)基础上进行第3次加权,建立TPGM(1,1)模型。通过实例分析,比较GM(1,1)、PGM(1,1)、DPGM(1,1)、TPGM(1,1)4种模型在变形监测数据处理中的拟合和预测结果,表明三重加权TPGM(1,1)模型拟合效果更好、预测精度更高;该模型具有前3种模型的优点,同时弥补了传统GM(1,1)存在的不足。     

Retrieval of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and leaf area density (LAD) profile at individual tree level using high density multi-return airborne LiDAR

As an important canopy structure indicator, leaf area index (LAI) proved to be of considerable implications for forest ecosystem and ecological studies, and efficient techniques for accurate LAI acquisitions have long been highlighted. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), often termed as airborne laser scanning (ALS), once was extensively investigated for this task but showed limited performance due to its low sampling density. Now, ALS systems exhibit more competing capacities such as high density and multi-return sampling, and hence, people began to ask the questions like—“can ALS now work better on the task of LAI prediction?” As a re-examination, this study investigated the feasibility of LAI retrievals at the individual tree level based on high density and multi-return ALS, by directly considering the vertical distributions of laser points lying within each tree crown instead of by proposing feature variables such as quantiles involving laser point distribution modes at the plot level. The examination was operated in the case of four tree species (i.e. Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in a mixed forest, with their LAI-related reference data collected by using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). In light of the differences between ALS- and TLS-based LAI characterizations, the methods of voxelization of 3D scattered laser points, effective LAI (LAIe) that does not distinguish branches from canopies and unified cumulative LAI (ucLAI) that is often used to characterize the vertical profiles of crown leaf area densities (LADs) was used; then, the relationships between the ALS- and TLS-derived LAIes were determined, and so did ucLAIs. Tests indicated that the tree-level LAIes for the four tree species can be estimated based on the used airborne LiDAR (R² = 0.07, 0.26, 0.43 and 0.21, respectively) and their ucLAIs can also be derived. Overall, this study has validated the usage of the contemporary high density multi-return airborne LiDARs for LAIe and LAD profile retrievals at the individual tree level, and the contribution are of high potential for advancing forest ecosystem modeling and ecological understanding.     

Review on InSAR based displacement monitoring of Indian Himalayas: issues,challenges and possible advanced alternatives

Natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, unplanned mining are some of the most serious factors responsible for earth surface displacement. These incidences can be harmful for the society due to loss of life and also threatful for future urban development. Therefore, continuous monitoring of disasters in terms of displacements is of fundamental importance in a modern well-organized society to understand its effects on the social and economic fabric. Availability of SAR data has been proved to be an excellent source for estimation of surface displacements with high accuracies. However, in India, SAR interferometry-related displacement measurement has still not gained appreciable momentum. More rigorous research needs to be carried out for the efficient use of this new generation technique. This review article is an attempt to discuss the issues related to SAR-based displacement studies so far conducted on Indian Himalayan region and possible advanced alternatives.     

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking: a comparison between analytical linear orbit perturbation theory and numerical integration

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-SST) range-rate observations have been predicted by two methods: one based on a linear perturbation theory in combination with the Hill equations, and one based on solving the equations of motion of two low-flying satellites by numerical integration. The two methods produce almost equivalent Fourier spectra of the range-rate observations after properly taking into account a few resonant terms. For a typical GRACE-type configuration, where the two satellites trail each other at a distance of 300 km at an altitude of 460 km, and in the presence of the EGM96 gravity field model, complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 70, the agreement between the Fourier spectra is about 1 mm/s compared to a root-mean-square (RMS) value of more than 220 mm/s for the range-rate signal. The discrepancy of 1 mm/s can be reduced significantly when not taking into account perturbations caused by the J₂ term. Excluding the J₂ term, the agreement between the two methods improves to 0.4 mm/s compared to a RMS value of 6 mm/s for the range-rate signal. These values are 0.01 and 2.3 mm/s when ignoring the spectrum for frequencies below two cycles per orbital revolution, reducing the discrepancy even further to about 0.5% of the signal. The selected linear perturbation theory is thus capable of modeling gravity field induced range-rate observations with very high precision for a large part of the spectrum.     

从GPS推算大气水汽的误差分析

讨论了从GPS观测数据推算大气水汽值的各种误差，分析了这些误差对大气水汽值的影响。     

浅谈基于ADS80数据在像素工厂中制作正射影像的流程

像素工厂是当今世界一流的遥感影像自动化处理系统,集成自动化、并行处理和开放的架构,可以自动处理多种传感器的海量数据,生产各种制图终端。本文结合实际生产介绍了像素工厂批量生产数字地表模型(DSM)和正射影像的关键技术及工艺流程。     

基于非参数回归的交通事件影响范围预测

基于非参数回归方法,创新性地利用拥堵信息建立模式库,解决了传统分类、回归、神经网络等预测方法的事件特征选取限制及训练样本不足等问题,提高了预测结果的准确性。     

基于高斯过程的高分辨率遥感图像变化检测

本文首先通过理论分析,探讨了高斯过程分类器在高分辨率遥感图像变化检测应用中的优势与不足,并针对高斯过程分类器的不足给出了相应的解决方法;其次,提出了一种基于空间上下文相关的高斯过程变化检测方法;最后,通过多个高分辨率遥感实验数据集上的实验设计与分析,验证了高斯过程分类器在高分辨率遥感图像变化检测中的应用能力,并证明了本文提出的解决方法的有效性.     

黑龙江省位置服务中心建设与服务模式探讨

对黑龙江省位置服务现状进行了分析,提出了建立的黑龙江省位置服务中心的框架。位置服务中心的建立是以手机、PDA及各种移动手持终端定位服务、车辆监控等为主的服务体系,并通过WMS方式对外提供地图服务。文中对位置服务中心的设计理念、体系结构及服务模式进行了详细描述,并对其具体应用进行了探讨,最后对未来3G时代位置服务中心的应用前景进行了展望。