川西坳陷中部须二段储层流体包裹体特征及在油气充注史研究中的应用

川西坳陷中部须家河组二段(T₃x²)储层中的流体包裹主要为盐水包裹体和烃类包裹体。可划分为三种类型,分别代表了油气充注的三个阶段:低成熟-成熟生油气充注阶段、成熟-高熟生油气充注阶段和高成熟-过成熟生气充注阶段。     

库车坳陷东部吐格尔明背斜构造特征及其控藏作用

库车坳陷东部吐格尔明背斜经历多期构造变形与断裂活动,地震资料品质差,油气水分布复杂。构造解析合理性直接影响对研究区构造运动学过程、动力学机制以及油气成藏规律的认识。本文以野外观测数据、钻井和地震数据为基础,对库车坳陷东部吐格尔明背斜进行构造解释,运用平衡剖面恢复原理,对研究区构造演化进行了恢复,在此基础上对构造控藏作用进行了探讨并指出了有利勘探区。结果表明,研究区主要发育吐孜洛克断层和吐格尔明断层,其中吐孜洛克断层主要从上新统库车组沉积期开始活动,活动强度大、控制了翼前巨厚的生长地层和现今吐格尔明大背斜的形成;吐格尔明断层从侏罗纪末开始陆续活动至今,控制古隆起的形成;研究区在平面上由南向北可依次划分为深部凹陷区、南翼斜坡区、中部背斜区以及北翼斜坡区四个区带。构造演化对不同区带的埋藏演化过程、储层物性特征和盖层保存条件具有明显的控制作用,其侏罗系有利勘探方向主要有：背斜斜坡背景上的局部构造高,背斜南翼和北翼斜坡带低部位的构造—岩性圈闭以及断层下盘的深部构造—岩性圈闭。     

库车凹陷克拉2气田储层成岩作用和油气充注特征

克拉2气田是中国陆上勘探已知最大的天然气气田,下白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩是其主力储层.为了揭示本区储层成岩作用和油气充注之间的成因联系,综合应用偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、CT扫描三维重构、X-射线衍射、荧光光谱、显微测温和激光拉曼等技术手段研究了克拉2气田储层的成岩作用和油气充注期次及特征,并且探讨了油气充注对成岩作用的影响.研究结果显示:本区的成岩矿物组合为石英次生加大边、方解石、白云石,铁白云石,微晶石英和自生高岭石.发育3期油气充注:第1期为低温高盐度的低成熟油气流体,以记录在石英愈合裂隙、长石解理和方解石胶结物中的黄褐色荧光包裹体为代表,充注时间为18 Ma;第2期为高温高盐度的高成熟油气流体,以记录在石英愈合裂隙和白云石胶结物中的黄白-蓝白色荧光包裹体为代表,充注时间为6 Ma;第3期为高温低盐度的天然气充注,以记录在石英愈合裂隙和铁白云石胶结物中的无荧光气烃包裹体为代表,充注时间4 Ma.本区储层中自生高岭石、微晶石英和储层沥青是晚期天然气充注对储层改造的结果.      

库车坳陷克深大气田白垩系致密砂岩储层古流体地球化学特征研究

采用包裹体岩相学、均一温度、盐度、含油包裹体丰度、储层颗粒荧光定量实验分析方法,对库车坳陷克深大气田白垩系巴什基奇克组储层致密砂岩样品进行测试,剖析克深大气田深层致密砂岩储层古流体地球化学特征与油气充注。结果表明,克深大气田发育两期油气包裹体,分别为发亮蓝色荧光的轻质油包裹体与灰黑色的气态烃包裹体。克深大气田包裹体均一温度分布存在130~140 ℃与150~160 ℃两个主峰值,相应的古盐度值为16%~10%与12%~4%,表明有两期烃类流体充注,其中天然气高强度充注发生在2.5 Ma以来。含油包裹体丰度分布在2.1%~13.4%之间,QGF指数为2.2~9.6,QGF-E强度为20~38 pc,揭示克深大气田形成过程中曾经存在强度较弱的轻质油充注。     

新疆库车坳陷晚白垩世沉积的地球化学特征及意义

库车坳陷广泛发育的晚白垩世巴什基奇克组是新疆塔里木盆地北部地区克拉苏大型气田的主要储层,其沉积环境一直存在争议。本文依据塔里木盆地北部地区库车坳陷巴什基奇克组地球化学资料,对塔北地区晚白垩世时期发育海侵沉积进行了分析。结合野外露头剖面和钻井剖面巴什基奇克组上段新发现的大量海相钙质超微化石和沉积相特点,认为塔北地区晚白垩世时期曾发生明显的海侵作用,海水分布范围向东可达库车河地区,但沉积环境比较闭塞,古盐度指数反映水介质为咸水,古气候以干旱高温为特点。这一研究为塔西南地区和塔北地区晚白垩世地层对比奠定了基础,对本区的油气勘探和远景分析具有重要意义。     

库车坳陷古近系白云岩地球化学特征及成因

为了分析库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群白云岩的成因,利用薄片染色、微量元素和稳定同位素测试等方法为手段,系统分析该套白云岩地球化学特征,并讨论其成因。研究表明,该套白云岩主要分为膏质云岩和泥（粉）晶白云岩两种类型。白云岩的微量元素和同位素特征表明其形成于较高盐度、高Mg/Ca比、强还原的海陆过渡环境。古近纪早期库车坳陷西部地区间断性海侵和强烈蒸发环境使得水体盐度较高,并为准同生期白云岩的形成提供了镁离子来源。结合沉积、岩相特征认为该套白云岩有蒸发白云石化及回流渗透白云石化两种成因类型,蒸发白云石化形成的膏质云岩主要分布在低能的潮上环境,回流渗透白云石化形成的膏质泥(粉)晶白云岩或膏质砂屑白云岩分布于中低能的潮下—泻湖环境。     

库车坳陷东部凝析油特征及其成藏意义

利用原油物性、族组分、轻烃组分、碳同位素、生物标志化合物等实验资料,系统分析了库车坳陷东部凝析油的物性和有机地球化学特征,厘定了凝析油的成因类型 ,并在此基础上明确了油气充注历史。研究结果表明：库车坳陷东部凝析油属于典型的陆相油,具有密度低、粘度低、凝固点低、含硫低和含蜡中等的特征,碳同位素关系以及生物标志化合物特征表明 凝析油主要来自三叠系湖相烃源岩。库车坳陷东部凝析油和天然气具有不同源、不同期的特征,凝析油主要为湖相烃源岩在成熟演化阶段的产物,天然气主要为煤系烃源岩在高-过成熟演化阶段的产物 ,凝析油的成熟度低于天然气的成熟度,且早期原油遭受气洗改造作用。因此,库车坳陷东部总体上具有“早油晚气”的充注特征,现今的凝析油是早期形成的原油被气洗改造而形成的。     

库车坳陷大北-克深地区深层致密砂岩气地球化学特征及成因

为探讨库车坳陷大北-克深地区深层致密砂岩气的地球化学特征及成因,对采集的天然气样品进行了组分定量和碳同位素组成分析。结果显示,库车坳陷大北-克深地区深层致密砂岩气中甲烷占绝对优势,为87.30%～98.33%,平均为96.18%;其重烃气含量较低,为0%～3.41%,为明显的干气;天然气的δ¹³C_1为-31.9‰～-26.5‰,δ¹³C_2为-24.2‰～-16.1‰,δ¹³C_3为-31.1‰～-15.7‰;烷烃气碳同位素偏重,主体呈正碳同位素序列,局部出现倒转;天然气成熟度为1.50%～3.62%,平均为2.39%,为高-过成熟天然气;δ¹³C_CO2主要为-19‰～-10.3‰。研究表明,大北-克深地区深层致密砂岩气中烷烃气属于煤成气成因,同型不同源气或煤成气与油型气的混合是烷烃气碳同位素倒转的主要原因,同时也与深层高温高压条件下烷烃气的形成与成藏过程有关;深层致密砂岩气中CO_2主要为有机成因。     

库车坳陷东部白垩系沉积体系分析及有利油气勘探区带预测

克拉2大气田的发现,展示了库车坳陷白垩系良好的油气勘探潜力。通过对库车坳陷东部野外露头、钻井资料以及地震剖面的综合分析,对坳陷东部白垩系的沉积体系类型及其分布特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明:研究区白垩系发育湖泊体系、扇三角洲体系、辫状河三角洲体系和三角洲体系等四种沉积体系类型;白垩系岩相古地理经历了早、中、晚期的演化,早期发育了以扇三角洲体系为主的沉积环境,中期形成了大范围的浅湖环境,晚期以三角洲平原相环境为特色;平面上,白垩系岩相古地理南北分带明显,具有南北双向提供物源的特征,粗碎屑分布在坳陷较陡的北侧。库车坳陷东部储层主要由三种三角洲体系砂体和滨岸沙坝砂体构成,砂体厚度大,分布广,储集条件好。     

Kinetic Model of Gaseous Alkanes Formed from Coal in a Confined System and Its Application to Gas Filling History in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Based on the pyrolysis products for the Jurassic low-mature coal under programmed temperature,and chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Kuqa Depression, the genetic origin of natural gas was determined,and then a gas filling model was established,in combination with the geological background of the Kuqa Depression.The active energy of CH_4,C_2H_6 and C_3H_8 was gotten after the data of pyrolysis gas products under different heating rates(2℃/h and 20℃/h)were fitted by the Gas O...     

Analysis of Reservoir Forming Conditions and Prediction of Continuous Tight Gas Reservoirs for the Deep Jurassic in the Eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

The exploration targets in the Kuqa Depression at present are mainly structure traps in Cretaceous-Tertiary. Due to the complexity of mountain distribution and reservoir forming conditions, the exploration of Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression has been in a state of semi-stagnation since the discovery of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir. According to the concept and theory of “continuous petroleum reservoirs” and the re-analysis of the forming conditions of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir and regional natural gas in the eastern Kuqa Depression, it is believed that the deep Jurassic has good natural gas accumulation conditions as well as geological conditions for forming continuous tight gas reservoirs. The boundary of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir is not controlled by a structural spillpoint. The downdip part of the structure is dominated by gas, while the hanging wall of the fault is filled by water and forming obvious inverted gas and water. The gas reservoir has the normal temperature and ultra-high pressure which formed in the near source or inner-source. All of these characteristics indicate that the Yinan-2 gas reservoir is different from conventional gas reservoirs. The deep Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression has multisets of source-reservoir-cap assemblages, which comprise interbedded sandstones and mudstones. These assemblages are characterized by a self-generation, self-preserving and self-coverage model. Reservoir sandstones and coal measure mudstones are interbedded with each other at a large scale. As the source rocks, Triassic-Jurassic coal measure mudstones distribute continuously at a large scale and can generate and expel hydrocarbon. Source rocks contact intimately with the overlying sandstone reservoirs. During the late stage of hydrocarbon expulsion, natural gas charged continuously and directly into the neighboring reservoirs. Petroleum migrated mainly in a vertical direction over short distances. With ultra-high pressure and strong charging intensity, natural gas accumulated continuously. Reservoirs are dominated by sandstones of braided delta facies. The sand bodies distribute continuously horizontal. With low porosity and low permeability, the reservoirs are featured by strong heterogeneity. It is hypothesized that the sandstones of the interior depression tend to be relatively tight with increasing depth and structure stress weakness. Thus, it is predicted that continuous tight gas reservoirs of ultra-high pressure may exist in the deep formations of the eastern and even the whole Kuqa Depression. So, it is worth evaluating the exploration potential.     

苏里格低渗砂岩大气田天然气充注运移及成藏特征

苏里格气田位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡西北部,属于典型的低渗砂岩大气田.苏里格气田上古生界天然气组分和碳同位素组成特征变化较小,反映其来源和成藏过程的一致性.基于对成藏地质背景、储层物性、天然气地球化学特征、烃源岩成熟度、甲烷碳同位素动力学的综合分析,认为苏里格气田天然气主要为近源充注、近距离运移和聚集,为石炭系一二叠系煤系烃源岩生成的累积聚气.天然气运移输导体系主要包括砂体一孔隙、微裂缝及小断层等,由孔隙和裂缝构成的网状输导体系在成藏过程中起了重要作用,表现为动力圈闭成藏.苏里格气田形成过程经历了早侏罗世末期、晚侏罗世至早白垩世末期、早白垩世末期至今3个演化阶段,存在下生上储和自生自储两种成藏方式.     

伊通盆地岔路河断陷油气充注与再次运移研究

伊通盆地岔路河断陷是一个双断式内陆断陷,其油气藏的形成与演化经历了一个多期次油气充注与再次调整的复杂过程.采用显微测温技术并结合生排烃史、埋藏史、热史和区域构造分析方法研究表明,岔路河断陷发育3期油气充注.结合石英颗粒含油包裹体颗粒指数GOI技术解释了位于构造高部位的早期充注的油气经历过再次运移与破坏,而位于构造低部位的晚期充注的油气则保存较好,说明构造低部位具有一定的勘探前景.     

潜江凹陷蚌湖向斜带烃源岩特征及生排烃史

在烃源岩分布特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,应用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了主力烃源岩中国地质大学资源学院层系的生排烃史.研究表明,蚌湖向斜带潜江组各层系烃源岩均具有较高的有机质丰度,有机碳质量分数平均为0.78％,最高可达11.5％;有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主;但有机质成熟度具有明显的差异,潜一段...     

库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素

塔里木盆地致密砂岩气分布广、勘探潜力大,是今后勘探的重要前瞻性领域.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统砂岩储层普遍致密,加强其储层特征及主控因素的研究,对指导下一步的天然气勘探开发具有重要意义.为了揭示了塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层的发育规律及主控因素,通过铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦等测试手段并结合测井资料,研究了储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构特征和物性特征.结果表明,该区储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩为主,岩石成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等;孔隙结构主要为中孔细喉和小孔微喉,孔隙连通性较差;孔隙度大部分为4%~12%,平均为8.12%,有效空气渗透率主要为(0.1~3)×10-3μm2,属于典型的致密砂岩储层.在此基础上,综合分析了致密储层与沉积作用、成岩作用、构造作用的关系.研究认为,储层的物性受沉积作用、成岩作用、构造作用等的共同影响,其中主控因素是受沉积作用控制的粒度、成岩作用中的压实作用和构造压实作用.     

Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrogen in Natural Gas from the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China

Hydrogen gas accelerates hydrocarbon generation, but little is known about its distribution and origin in petroliferous basins, which has hindered the further exploration.Taken the Jiyang Depression in eastern China as an example, this study collected natural gas from different tectonic units, and analyzed various geochemical characters including gas contents, and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition.The result shows that:(1) hydrogen gas is widespread distributed, but its content is very low, which typically ranges from 0.01% to 0.1% in this region;(2) the ratios of H2/3He, indicative of the origins of hydrogen gas, suggest that mantle-derived hydrogen is dominant.Even in tectonically stable areas absent with deep fluid activities, there is also mantle-derived;(3) the isotopic composition of hydrogen falls in the range of –798‰ to –628‰(relative to VSMOW standard).In areas with deep-derived fluids, the hydrogen gas has a similar isotopic composition with the previously documented deep-sourced gas, with lighter isotopic composition.In contrast, hydrogen gas has a heavier isotopic composition in relatively stable areas.The isotopic signatures suggest that there is a mixture of mantle- and crust-derived hydrogen gas in the relatively stable area, which is consistent with the H2/3He ratios.Therefore, it is clear that the hydrogen gas has a much wider distribution than found in the deep-derived fluid area, resulting in a much broader area with hydrogenating effect for resource rock.This understanding will provide new insights for hydrocarbon generation research and resource assessment in petroliferous basins.