Evolution and obstacle factors of high-quality industrial development in the π-shaped Curve Area of the Yellow River basin in China

High-quality industrial development (HID) is a requirement of the modern economy and regional development. This paper designed a four-dimensional HID evaluation framework according to the logic of “development foundation-development theme-development subject-development guarantee.” Specifically, momentum cultivation as the foundation, efficiency improvement as the theme, and quality promotion as the subject are the three pivots driving the industrial transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development. A stable economic environment and a harmonious social environment are the guarantees of HID. Choosing the π-shaped Curve Area of the Yellow River basin in China as the study area, this paper measured the spatiotemporal pattern of HID and its four dimensions using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method based on relevant economic indicators. Besides, the obstacle recognition model was adopted to identify the obstacles to HID. Findings include: From 2005 to 2019, the HID in the Curve Area was characterized by spatial unevenness and relative stability. The industrial structure and industrial layout were more rational in provincial capitals and large cities than in other cities. The spatial organization of the industrial economy presented an incompact polycentric structure, and the industrial association was relatively weak in the curve’s upper reaches. Almost all cities have experienced an increase in single-factor productivity, and technological progress contributed most to the total factor productivity growth. During the study period, the development momentum stabilized at high levels in Inner Mongolia while at low levels in resource-based cities. The development environment in most cities has remained stable, and the social welfare has increased and distributed more equitably in the Area. The technological introduction and the rationalization of the industrial structure were the primary obstacle factors for the Area in realizing HID, and the upgrading of the industrial location index was critical to the upper reaches of the curve. This paper was expected to provide new ideas for studying industrial transformation and practical policy proposals for regional development in the Curve Area.     

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of Surface Nibble Degree index in the severe gully erosion region of China’s Loess Plateau

In China's Loess Plateau severe gully erosion(LPGE)region,the shoulder-line is the most intuitive and unique manifestation of the loess landform,which divides a landform into positive and negative terrains(PNTs).The spatial combination model of PNTs is of great significance for revealing the evolution of the loess landform.This study modeled and pro-posed the Surface Nibble Degree(SND),which is a new index that reflects the comparison of the areas of PNTs.Based on 5 m DEMs and matched high-resolution remote sensing images,the PNTs of 164 complete watersheds in the LPGE were extracted accurately,and the SND index was calculated.The spatial distribution trend of SND was discussed,and the relation-ship between SND and the factors that affect the evolution mechanism of regional landform was explored further.Results show that:(1)The SND can be calculated formally.It can quantify the development of the loess landform well.(2)The SND of the LPGE has evident spatial differentiation that increases from southwest to northeast.High values appear in Shenmu of Shaanxi,Shilou of Shanxi,and northern Yanhe River,whereas the low values are mainly distributed in the southern loess tableland and the inclined elongated ridge area of Pingliang in Gansu and Guyuan in Ningxia.(3)In the Wuding River and Yanhe River,the SND decreases with the increase in flow length(FL).In the North-Luohe River and Jinghe River,the SND increases with FL.(4)SND is significantly correlated with gully density and sediment modulus and moderately correlated with hypsometric integral.As for the mechanism factors analysis,the relationship between loess thickness and SND is not obvious,but SND in-creased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation and vegetation in each geographical division,and we found that the land use type of low coverage grassland has greater erosion potential.     

Measuring the spatiotemporal variation and evolution of transport network of China’s megaregions

Megaregion has become a prominent feature of modern China. Reflecting upon China’s recent path of transport infrastructure construction, this research examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of transport network development and its accessibility impacts in China’s ten megaregions from 1982 to 2010. Using historical transport network data and multiple national censuses (1982, 1990, 2000 and 2010), we computed two levels of indicators of megaregional transport network: megaregion level and county level, and analyzed the intra-megaregion and inter-megaregion disparities of transport network of the ten megaregions of China. Transport networks at the megaregion level are measured by three indicators: 1) transport network density; 2) infrastructure endowment per capita; and 3) size of transport network’s standard ellipse. Two accessibility indicators for measuring transportation network at the county level are calculated: weighted average travel time and potential accessibility. The research results show the following: 1) Road and rail network densities witnessed the greatest growth during the 2000–2010 period, and growth was more significant for railway network. 2) By 2010, average road endowments per capita in inland megaregions became higher than in coastal megaregions, while average rail endowments per capita in coastal megaregions became higher than in inland megaregions. 3) The sizes and directions of the standard deviational ellipses of road and rail network changed continuously during the study period. However the changes of road network ellipses were relatively small, while the changes of railway network ellipses were more significant. 4) Megaregions have all benefited significantly from transportation infrastructure improvement in the past few decades in terms of WATT and potential accessibility, but the three giant megaregions benefited most.     

Spatiotemporal mismatch of land use functions and land use efficiencies and their influencing factors:A case study in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,China

Identification of the spatial mismatch between land use functions(LUFs) and land use efficiencies(LUEs) is essential to regional land use policies. However, previous studies about LUF-LUE mismatch and its driving factors have been insufficient. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal mismatch of LUFs and LUEs and their influencing factors from 2000 to 2018 in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYR). Specifically, we used Spearman correlation analysis to reveal the trade-off relations...     

Driving factors and spatiotemporal effects of environmental stress in urban agglomeration: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China

Environmental stress is used as an indicator of the overall pressure on regional environmental systems caused by the output of various pollutants as a result of human activities. Based on the pollutant emissions and socioeconomic databases of the counties in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, this paper comprehensively calculates the environmental stress index(ESI) for the urban agglomeration using the entropy weight method(EWM) at the county scale and analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and the differences among the four types of major functional zones(MFZ) for the period 2012–2016. In addition, the socioeconomic driving forces of environmental stress are quantitatively estimated using the geographically weighted regression(GWR) method based on the STIRPAT model framework. The results show that:(1) The level of environmental stress in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region was significantly alleviated during that time period, with a decrease in ESI of 54.68% by 2016. This decrease was most significant in Beijing, Tangshan, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and other central urban areas, as well as the Binhai New Area. The level of environmental stress in counties decreased gradually from the central urban areas to the suburban areas, and the high-level stress counties were eliminated by 2016.(2) The spatial spillover effect of environmental stress increased further at the county scale from 2012 to 2016, and spatial locking and path dependence emerged in the cities of Tangshan and Tianjin.(3) Urbanized zones(development-optimized and development-prioritized zones) were the major areas bearing environmental pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in that time period. The ESI accounted for 65.98% of the whole region, where there was a need to focus on the prevention and control of environmental pollution.(4) The driving factors of environmental stress at the county scale included population size and the level of economic development. In addition, the technical capacity of environmental waste disposal, the intensity of agricultural production input, the intensity of territorial development, and the level of urbanization also had a certain degree of influence.(5) There was spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the various driving factors on the level of environmental stress. Thus, it was necessary to adopt differentiated environmental governance and reduction countermeasures in respect of emission sources, according to the intensity and spatiotemporal differences in the driving forces in order to improve the accuracy and adaptability of environmental collaborative control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.     

Analyzing vegetation dynamic trend on the Mongolian Plateau based on the Hurst exponent and influencing factors from 1982–2013

This study analyzed the spatial and temporal variations in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the Mongolian Plateau from 1982–2013 using Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI3g data and explored the effects of climate factors and human activities on vegetation. The results indicate that NDVI has slight upward trend in the Mongolian Plateau over the last 32 years. The area in which NDVI increased was much larger than that in which it decreased. Increased NDVI was primarily distributed in the southern part of the plateau, especially in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. Improvement in the vegetative cover is predicted for a larger area compared to that in which degradation is predicted based on Hurst exponent analysis. The NDVI-indicated vegetation growth in the Mongolian Plateau is a combined result of climate variations and human activities. Specifically, the precipitation has been the dominant factor and the recent human effort in protecting the ecological environments has left readily detectable imprints in the NDVI data series.     

Evolution and prospect of financial inclusion research in China from the perspective of financial geography北大核心CSCD

普惠金融对降低贫困和促进发展成果分享具有重要意义,是国际金融地理学的重要研究议题。论文基于2005—2021年中国知网CNKI数据库3421篇核心期刊论文,利用知识图谱可视化技术分析了中国普惠金融研究的基本特征和热点演化,结果表明:(1)学术成果经历缓慢增长、快速增长、加速增长3个阶段,研究热点经由金融排斥、普惠金融到数字普惠金融的演化,其中农村、区域差异、空间格局及发展效应是各阶段的共同关注;(2)国内普惠金融研究具有学科交叉性、包容性、开放性,多学科的参与推动着普惠金融研究的蓬勃发展,在学科交叉融合过程中,不同学科又有各自的关注点;(3)基于金融地理学视角,提出普惠金融发展的空间过程、地方普惠金融发展的文化经济因素与关系网络、普惠金融的发展效应、金融科技的空间性及其潜在影响等未来研究议题。     

Urban land expansion and its driving factors of mountain cities in China during 1990–2015

Land expansion of mountain cities in China is not systematically studied yet. This study identified 55 major mountain cities at and above prefecture level, and analyzed the land expansion characteristics and driving forces, based on visually interpreted data from TM images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015. From 1990 to 2015, total built-up land area of the mountain cities increased by 3.87 times, 5.56% per year. The urban land growth was apparently accelerated after 2000, from 4.35% per year during 1990–2000 increased to 6.47% during 2000–2010 and 6.2% during 2010–2015. Compared to the urban population growth, the urban land expansion rate was 44% higher. As a result, the urban land area per capita increased, but it was still within the government control target, and also was much lower than the average of all cities in China. Urban development policy, changes to administrative divisions, GDP and population growth, and road construction were identified as the major driving forces of land expansion. Terrain conditions were not found a relevance to the urban land expansion rate during 1990–2015, but had a significant impact on the layout and shape, and also probably on the urban land efficiency.     

New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030

The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbanization rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. (2) The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. (3) Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015–2030, it will do so unequally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. (4) A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong province requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions concerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.     

Spatial distribution of wind erosion and its driving factors in China

Soil erosion by wind means the soil particles are eroded and transported by wind. Fine particles of soil are transported as suspended load and may travel much greater distances than the coarse coarse materials do which are transported as creep and saltation. The finest particles and chemical microsome constitute the aerosol which can even keep for several years in atmosphere from descending. Wind erosion is a serious problem in many parts of the world. In China, up to 2400 km2 of land is dese…     

中国城市间投融资网络结构及其影响因素

基于企业网络联系构建城市网络研究是近年来的研究热点。以往研究多运用企业总部与分支机构的空间位置关系建立企业内部联系,以构建城市网络,缺少从企业间实际联系层面对城市网络的研究。本文利用企业间跨城市投融资关系建立城市联系并探究其驱动机制,为中国城市网络研究提供了新的思路。研究发现：①2013—2016年全国企业间跨城市资本流动数量不断增加,全国范围内投融资覆盖面越来越广,资本越发集中于大城市。②中国资本流动城市网络基本形成了以京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝地区以及武汉等城市为重要节点相互联系的空间结构,京深、京沪和深沪是网络中最重要的城市联系对。③长三角城市群内部联系最为密切,形成的城市网络最为复杂,资本活跃程度高;京津冀、珠三角城市群内部城市间联系相对较弱,“核心-边缘”结构分化较为严重。④中国城市网络嵌入在独特的制度环境中,市场和政府作用共同导致了城市网络空间结构演化。     

中国入境旅游城市合作网络时空格局及驱动因素

基于1997—2017年中国60个城市入境旅游经济发展数据,辅以修正的引力模型和社会网络分析方法,系统分析了中国入境旅游城市合作网络时空格局,并借助二次指派程序方法对合作网络演变的驱动因素进行探讨。结果表明：① 中国60个入境旅游城市合作网络强度逐渐增强,国家层面合作网络结构逐渐显现,合作强度前5名的分别为广州—深圳、北京—上海、北京—天津、上海—苏州和上海—深圳。② 整体网络特征上,网络密度逐渐增加,整体网络通达度在提升,城市“领导者”地位在下降,网络整体均衡性在提升,且中国东、中、西三大地区间差异显著,东部地区城市合作最紧密,西部地区城市次之,中部地区城市紧密度最小。③ 个体网络特征上,将中国入境旅游城市分为外向型、内聚型、均衡发展型和孤立型4类,且权力角色上呈核心领导者、次核心领导者、一般合作者和边缘合作者的“核心—边缘”分布格局。④ 地理空间邻近性、旅游资源差异、旅游接待能力差异、城市规模等级和旅游交通情况的相近性对网络提升具有显著影响,对外经济贸易差异对中、西部地区城市旅游合作的影响是正向的,而对整体网络和东部网络的影响是负向的。     

中国异地投资网络结构演化及影响因素研究

随着城市间经济联系日益密切,资本跨区域流动逐渐成为影响区域发展的关键因素,企业异地投资是资本流动的微观体现,探讨企业异地投资特征对于区域发展具有重要意义.为此,论文以1998-2018年中国上市企业异地投资数据为研究对象,构建中国异地投资网络,从全国和东中西3大地区角度分析异地投资网络的空间演化特征及影响因素.研究发现...     

中国城市网络关联格局的演变及影响因素：基于企业网络视角

基于企业网络视角,利用隶属网络模型,研究中国城市网络关联格局的演变,利用QAP模型识别影响因素,结果发现：（1）网络整体呈现扁平化特征,城市网络在越来越扁平化的同时等级性并没有消失;（2）从网络联系趋势上看,城市之间联系越来越紧密,网络规模越来越大,但总体联系仍比较松散,且东部发育完善,中西部发育不完善,东部城市对其他地区城市的辐射作用越来越强;（3）我国城市网络存在典型的“小世界”效应且“小世界”效应越来越明显;（4）通过凝聚子群分析,发现子群数目越来越多,但是只有少数城市出现在子群中,说明联系大部分发生在核心城市之间;（5）城市规模、城市资源和生产成本对城市网络关联格局的形成有显著影响,城市规模、城市资源差距越小和生产成本差距越大的城市之间越容易发生联系,并且城市网络的发展深受历史因素的影响。     

京津冀科技合作网络的演变特征及影响因素

构建层次分明、结构合理的科技合作网络对于推动京津冀协同创新具有非常重要的作用。本文从基于知识创新的科研合作网络和基于技术创新的技术合作网络的角度,使用合作论文和合作专利数据,采用社会网络分析法对2013—2018年京津冀地区地级及以上城市之间科技合作网络的演变特征进行了分析,并基于半参数估计和面板计量模型实证检验了影响京津冀78个城市对之间科技合作的主要因素。主要结论为：① 京津冀科研合作网络快速成长,呈现北京与天津双核引领,以京津为主轴、京保石为次轴的空间结构。② 京津冀逐渐形成了以北京为主中心,天津、石家庄为次中心,廊坊、保定、沧州为三级枢纽,其他城市为节点的技术合作网络结构。③ 空间距离越近的城市之间越容易产生科技合作,高铁开通带来的时空距离压缩可以减弱科技合作的空间衰减系数;相对于科研合作,技术合作对于空间距离更为敏感;技术邻近性是促进城市间科技合作的主要驱动因子,尤其是对技术合作的促进效应更为明显;经济发展差距越小的城市之间相对容易产生技术合作。     

A comparison and case analysis between domestic and overseas industrial parks of China since the Belt and Road Initiative

Journal of Geographical Sciences - With rapid globalization, industrial parks are playing an increasingly important role in the national and regional development. Since the Belt and Road Initiative...     

Protecting the national parks and the world heritage sites in China: challenge and strategy

About 70% of its land area as mountains and plateaus, China is the largest mountain country in the world. Thanks to its vast territory (9.6 million km²), outstanding relief and varied climates, China boasts extremely plenty of ecosystems and landscapes. From south to north, it traverses almost all the temporal zones from tropical rainforest in the southernmost to frigid-temperate needle-leaved forest in the northernmost; from east to west, it sees a gradual transition fro humid forest landscape to extremely arid desert landscape; vertical change of landscapes is most striking owing to the existence of many high mountains (above 6000–7000 m, e.g., the Himalayas, the Kunlun, the Tianshan, the Hengduan, etc.) and plateaus, especially the immense Tibetan Plateau (averagely 4500 m above sea level). All of this give rise to the richness and diversity of ecosystems and landscape in China. Some of the ecosystems are endemic to China, e.g., alpine desert and alpine steppe in the Tibetan Plateau. As a result, China bears a great responsibility in the protection of global ecosystems and landscape.     

Protecting the national parks and the world heritage sites in China: challenge and strategy

To protect the richness, diversity and uniqueness of China's ecosystems and landscapes, more than 150 national parks (named "National scenic and historic interest areas" in China), 85 national geoparks and 230 national nature reserves have been delimited nationwide. In addition, a total of 30 world heritage sites (4 mixed, 4 natural, 22 cultural), 24 biosphere reserves and 8 world geoparks have been ratified for China in a short time by the UNESCO. Unfortunately, most of these national and…     

中国国家公园与世界遗产地保护——挑战与战略

About 70% of its land area as mountains and plateaus,China is the largest mountain countryin the world.Thanks to its vast territory (9.6 million km2),outstanding relief and varied climates,China boasts extremely plenty of ecosystems and landscapes.From south to north,it traverses almostall the temporal zones from tropical rainforest in the southernmost to frigid-temperate needle-leavedforest in the northernmost; from east to west,it sees a gradual transition fro humid forest landscape toextremely arid desert landscape; vertical change of landscapes is most striking owing to the existenceof many high mountains (above 6000-7000 m,e.g.,the Himalayas,the Kunlun,the Tianshan,theHengduan,etc.) and plateaus,especially the immense Tibetan Plateau (averagely 4500 m above sealevel).All of this give rise to the richness and diversity of ecosystems and landscape in China.Some ofthe ecosystems are endemic to China,e.g.,alpine desert and alpine steppe in the Tibetan Plateau.As aresult,China bears a great responsibility in the protection of global ecosystems and landscape.     

基于抖音粉丝量的中国城市网络关注度空间差异及其影响因素

基于抖音粉丝量数据,运用位序-规模法则、核密度估计、领域划分与模式组合等方法,对中国城市网络关注的空间差异进行分析,并对比了其与传统百度指数的差异。研究发现：① 关注度排名靠前的城市分别是北京、上海、广州、深圳、成都、杭州、重庆、西安、天津、南京等,并形成了长三角、珠三角、京津三大核心集聚区,反映出核心经济发展区的网络优势度。而中西部地区城市的关注度普遍不高,仅在成渝、中原、长江中游等地区形成微弱的集聚中心。② 从位序-规模法则看,拟合曲线偏离理想状态且q值大于1.3,反映出高关注城市在空间上的强影响作用并表现出一定的网络空间集聚效应。从四大分区看,东北和西部地区与整体类似,东部地区的高等级集聚效应进一步强化,而中部则较符合理想形态。③ 从领域划分与地域模式看,北京、上海、广州等高关注城市的核心领域是探店、旅游、美食、街拍、同城,方言、旅游类话题亦有较大的关注。中西部地区核心城市除了在特色美食、探店、街拍与东部地区有些类似外,还表现出房产、地铁等方面的特色,从侧面反映出该区域在城镇化建设、产业转型等方面面临的一些现实问题。从地域模式看,长三角属于多中心网络化,京津冀、珠三角、成渝、长江中游属于双中心点轴状,关中、中原属于单中心放射状,其余城市群则属于单中心或无中心离散状。④ 与百度指数对比看,抖音粉丝量在高水平区的集聚程度高,而在中西部城市群地区的集聚效应不明显。⑤ 从影响因素看,除了与经济发展水平尤其是现代服务业水平、信息化水平、交通物流保障相关外,与城市的创新性、高素质人才或高学历网民的活跃性参与、数字化推广、专业化运营相关性较大。