Stream Sediments Geochemical Exploration in the Northwestern Part of Wadi Allaqi Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

Geochemical stream sediments survey was conducted in the northwestern part of Wadi Allaqi area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The area comprises Precambrian metasediments, intermediate metavolcanics, gabbro, and serpentinites, with intrusive masses of granites and quartz-porphyry and invaded by several quartz veins. The −1.0-mm size fraction is analyzed for As, Cu, S, Mo, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Rb, Ba, Sr, Nb, V, U, Th, Cr, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, and Y. The geochemical survey is supported by heavy minerals study in the −0.125 + 0.0625-mm fraction. The geochemical data were statistically investigated using Q-mode cluster and R-mode factor analyses as well as the enrichment factor. Factors 1 (Zr, Nb, Nd, La, and Y), 2 (V, Sr, and Zn), and 4 (Ba and Rb) are mainly controlled by the lithological characters of the rocks hosting Au-sulfide mineralizations and their accompanied hydrothermal alteration zones. In the mineralization Factor 3 (Cu, S, As, Ce, and Mo), arsenic, Cu, S, and Mo are direct indicators, while Ce is indirect one for the Au-sulfide mineralizations. The Cu–S–As–Mo association with Pb and Zn anomalies in the stream sediments draining the quartz-porphyry point to its porphyry copper mineralization. Cobalt and Ni (Factor 5) are pathfinders for the Fe- and Cu-sulfides, whereas Zn and Pb of Factor 8 are additional pathfinders for the Au-sulfide mineralizations. The southern stream sediments having high U/Th ratios with U–Mo association and draining granites traversed by pegmatites, as well as the stream sediments draining Um Garayat area and the quartz-porphyry stock with high abundance of monazite, zircon, epidote, sphene, and ilmenite, could signify sources of U and Th (Factor 7). Two watershed areas have distinct enrichment factors for arsenic suggesting unexplored extensions of Au-sulfide mineralization linked to the Allaqi shear-zone. The enrichment of the mineralization Factor 3 in the drainage system is mainly controlled by the prevailed mechanical dispersion for the hosting heavy minerals in such arid region with minor role of hydromorphic dispersion. The chemistry and mineralogy of the stream sediments are evidently allied to the drained bedrocks and their hosted mineralizations that signify a promising area for detailed exploration.     

Origin of sapphirine-bearing garnet-orthopyroxene granulites: possible hydrothermally altered ocean floor

Sapphirine is a metamorphic mineral that forms in the deep crust in rocks with distinctive bulk compositions, in particular high concentrations of Mg and Al. This study investigates a thin, discontinuous layer of sapphirine-bearing garnet-orthopyroxene (SGO) granulite within a Palaeoproterozoic mafic granulite together with metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic rocks, micaceous rocks rich in magnetite and pyrite, and marble. All of these rocks occur within a low-strain zone in the Lewisian complex of South Harris, NW Scotland. Data on mineral compositions and major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) patterns provide evidence for the origin of the precursor of the SGO granulite. The host mafic granulite has a trace element signature and REE pattern comparable with that of E-type MORB. The chemical abundances of Nb, Ta, La, Ce, Nd, Zr, Hf, Ti, and V in the SGO granulite, except for one sample that records total element loss, are similar to those of the host mafic granulite; however, in terms of whole-rock element abundances, the former is relatively enriched in MgO and depleted in CaO, Na₂O, MnO, Sr, and Eu. Elements within the SGO granulite that were apparently unaffected by hydrothermal alteration—V, Y, Zr, and Cr—are within the range of values observed in the host mafic granulite. Sm–Nd whole-rock isotope systematics suggest that both the host mafic granulite and SGO granulite were metamorphosed at 1.9 Ga, and the Nd initial ratio is consistent with a MORB source at that time. There is no significant difference in the Nd values of the two rock types, suggesting that they originally belonged to the same protolith. Chemical trends within a narrow zone between the SGO and host rock granulite suggest that the former was derived from a basaltic precursor of the latter by a process of infiltration metasomatism, comparable with the chemical exchange that takes place when hydrothermal fluids in present-day oceanic crust pass through vents in a “recharge zone.” The geological and chemical relations observed in the South Harris rocks are consistent with the following model: hydrothermally altered oceanic basaltic crust was trapped in an accretionary wedge and subducted, followed by granulite-facies metamorphism in a deep continental environment during arc–continent collision. This is the first report of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust that was converted to sapphirine-bearing granulite deep in the continental crust.     

黄河宁蒙段沉积物地球化学元素组成及分布特征北大核心CSCD

黄河宁蒙段穿越腾格里沙漠、河东沙地、乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠,风沙水沙交互强烈,形成典型的沙漠宽谷冲积河道。对黄河河道及周边沙源区沉积物进行了系统的采集、测定、分析工作。结果表明:宁蒙河段沉积物相对富集SiO_(2)、CaO、Al_(2)O_(3)、Ce、Zr、Hf和Nd,亏损K_(2)O、Na_(2)O、Rb、Zn、Ni和Sr。与周边沙源区对比,黄河宁夏段下河沿上游河道、清水河、腾格里沙漠和河东沙地沉积物均富集Co和Ti,亏损Sr、Ni、Hf和Y,且Hf、Ni、Y、Zn、MgO和CaO含量的变异系数较大。在内蒙古段,来自乌海上游河道、乌兰布和沙漠、库布齐沙漠和十大孔兑的沉积物相对富集Co和Ti,亏损Hf,Ni和Y,其中Cr、Hf、Ni、Y、Zn和MgO的元素含量变异系数较大。黄河宁蒙河段沉积物化学元素空间分布特征具有明显的波动和差异性,主要受到岩性、气候和局地物源输入的影响。     

兰州市沙尘和非沙尘天气沉降物的化学特性比较

选择兰州市典型沙尘和非沙尘天气收集两类降尘,并对其元素组成进行测定。结果表明：兰州非沙尘和沙尘天气沉降物中含量较高的主要元素分别为Si、Ca、Al、Fe和Si、K、Ca、Al,含量最低的主要元素均是Ti;含量较高的微量元素是Mn、Ba、Zn、Sr和Mn、Ba、Sr、Zr,含量较低的微量元素均是Nb、Co、Y、As;兰州非沙尘和沙尘天气沉降物中主要元素及微量元素含量的排序差异较小,但是两种样品同种元素的丰度值存在较大变异,说明两种沉降物的来源有一定的差异。兰州非沙尘天气沉降物中Si、Fe、Mg、K、Na、Ti、V、Mn、Co、Ni、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb等元素主要来自于地壳源,Ca、Cr、Cu、Ba、Pb、Zn、As等元素与本地的人类污染活动有关,其中Pb、Zn、As是兰州重要的污染元素。沙尘天气沉降物中多数元素来自于外地入侵的沙尘,部分元素如Pb、Zn、As、Cu、Cr、K、Ni可能源于沙尘天气长距离传输途中矿物气溶胶与沿途污染源排放的污染物的混合。     

Variations of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) treated by two different methods for snow-pit samples on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications

Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods. To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements (Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li, Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements (REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements (defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to 0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements (especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns, REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.     

三峡库区不同地貌区土壤元素分布特征

利用土壤表层样分析成果,探讨三峡库区不同地貌区土壤中Ca、P、B等43个常量元素及微量元素的分布特征,结果表明：三峡库区重庆段八个地貌分区可明显划分为两个地球化学分区,一区为河谷平原、侵蚀剥蚀台地、丘陵、低山及中山地貌地球化学分区;二区为褶皱抬升低山、中山及喀斯特地貌地球化学分区,两区的土壤元素含量差异明显,除常量元素K2O、SiO2、Ba、MgO、P、Zr及微量元素Sr、La外,一区土壤中其他元素含量总体上均远低于二区土壤中的含量,其差异总体上是地质背景差异的体现,母岩岩性是土壤元素的主要控制因素。在同类母岩条件下,地貌对土壤中元素分布具有明显影响。不同地貌区的土壤营养元素聚类既有共性也有个性,喀斯特地貌区元素聚为五类;褶皱抬升中山、低山区聚类结果基本一致,均为四类;侵蚀剥蚀中山区多数元素较分散,分异强烈,总体上聚为四类,但第四类各元素间距离较远;侵蚀剥蚀低山与丘陵区元素聚类总体上相近,均为五类,但内部存在分异;侵蚀剥蚀台地则聚为三大类。土壤中的某些特征矿物元素如Fe2O3、Mn、Cu、Zn组合,N、org．C组合在各个地貌区均聚为一类;而某些元素如Cl等在不同地貌条件下分别与MgO、CaO或与Na2O聚类,体现元素在不同地貌条件下的分布特征差异。     

Simulating the effect of wind erosion on aeolian desertification process of Horqin sandy land and its significance on material cycle:a wind tunnel study

Samples from the Horqin sandy land were exposed to a series of wind velocities,and sink particles were collected at the end of the diffusion section of a wind tunnel.Grain sizes of collected samples show great variation because of the granularity difference of the surface samples.The original samples show lower average content of SiO₂ and higher average content of Al ₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MgO,CaO,Na₂O,and K₂O than collected samples.Compared with other dust source areas in China,the Horqin sandy land had higher content of Zr,Ba,SiO₂,Al₂O₃ and K₂O.Compared with the average upper continental crust(UCC)composition,surface samples were rich in the content of Y,Zr,Nb,Ba,La,Nd.Geochemistry characteristics of fine grain components of the Horqin sandy land differ from those from other dust source regions,because fine-grained particles in the Horqin sandy land were mostly derived from various local deposits formed in its unique depositional environments influenced by several tectonic activities.     

东南极格罗夫山变基性岩初步研究

东南极格罗夫山存在一套经历了峰期麻粒岩相变质作用的镁铁质麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩。对含石榴石的镁铁质麻粒岩的详细研究则显示了近等温降压 (ITD)的顺时针PT演化轨迹 ,与拉斯曼丘陵有相似的演化历史。岩石的主量元素组成和玄武岩一致 ,并且具有拉斑玄武岩演化趋势。进一步的地球化学研究表明 ,这套玄武岩为洋岛型玄武岩 (OIB)和洋中脊型玄武岩(MORB)的组合。OIB型具有大体类似的地球化学性质 ,它们均富集Ti(TiO2 =2 .68% )、REE( =2 0 2 μg/g)、LREE[(La/Yb) N=4.8]、Ti/Y( =343)、Zr/Y( =3.1 ) ,具洋岛玄武岩的特征 ,推测岩浆来源于富集地幔源区 (EM)。而MORB型以低Ti (TiO2 =1 .1 %— 1 .31 % ) ,明显低于OIB的P的含量 (P2 O5=0 .1 %— 0 .2 % ) ,低REE ( 4 7— 93μg/g)、LREE/HREE( 2 .2 7— 2 .5 4 )、(La/Yb) N( =1 .30— 1 .62 )为特征 ,具洋中脊玄武岩的特征。MORB和OIB组合的出现说明在泛非期该区可能存在过洋盆。     

菲尔德斯半岛新生代火山岩中Sr,Ba,Ca元素的相关变化及其对岩浆演化的启示

菲尔德斯半岛新生代火山岩岩石组合为高铝玄武岩-玄武安山岩-安山岩-英安岩,是一套低钾高铝的钙碱性岩系。以岩石中Sr/Ca,Ba/Ca比值作为讨论岩浆演化的一个指标,确认高铝玄武岩为本区岩浆作用的初始岩浆,经过岩浆房中斜长石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用,依次演化出玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩岩浆。     

南极半岛西北部海区重矿物及其中稀土、微量元素的统计分析

对南极半岛西北部海区表层沉积物中的重矿及其中稀土、微量元素的定量资料进行了统计分析。Q型因子分析结果得出调查区重矿物组合的因子模式,它们主要受物源和海流的控制。R型群分析把22种元素划分为3群和9个亚群。元素的分群现象显示了元素与岩石在成因上的专属关系,而亚群则反映了元素地球化学习性的差异及元素共生组合或伴生关系。讨论了元素亚与重矿物组合类型的关系。     

萨拉乌苏河流域微量元素揭示的气候变化

根据毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面中更新世晚期以来风成砂与河湖相互为叠覆的沉积记录,利用SPSS软件对P、V、Cr等16种微量元素及Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba比值进行了聚类和相关分析。结果表明：除Sr、Ba、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba之外的P、V、Cr等14中微量元素反映的气候变化规律较好,其含量的峰值段对应河湖相沉积,而谷值段对应风成砂沉积。根据微量元素含量变化特征及其与地层的对应关系,将萨拉乌苏河流域中更新世晚期以来的气候变化划分为5个阶段：223～196 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,相当于黄土高原S2古土壤发育期;196～148 ka BP,气候干冷,相当于黄土高原L2黄土发育期,属倒数第二次冰期;148～75 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,对应末次间冰期;75～10 ka BP,气候干冷,对应末次冰期;10 ka BP以来,气候以温湿为主。各个阶段还有气候冷暖干湿波动变化。通过与深海氧同位素阶段,冰芯记录变化对比,发现本区气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性。     

Multi-scale Numerical Simulation and 3D Modeling for Deep Mineral Exploration in the Jiaojia Gold District,China

In this study, deposit- and district-scale three-dimensional (3D) fault-and-intrusion structure models were constructed, based on which a numerical simulation was implemented in the Jiaojia gold district, China. The numerical simulation of the models shows the basic metallogenic path and trap of the gold deposits using mineral system theory. The objective of this study was to delineate the uncertainty of the geometry or buffer zones of the ore-forming and ore-controlling fault-and-intrusion domains in 3D environment representing the exploration criteria extraction and the gold potential targeting in the study area. The fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions was used as the platform to define the stress deformation fracture ore storage and the hydrothermal seepage channel zone based on the gold deposit features and metallogenic model in the study area. The validity of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with robust 3D geological models of the large Xincheng gold deposit. The potential targeting zones are analyzed for uncertainty and then evaluated by Boolean operation in a 3D geological model using the computer-aided design platform. The research results are summarized as follows. (1) In the pre-mineralization period, the Jiaodong fault’s left lateral movement created the Jiaojia network faults and formed a fracture zone with NW- to NNW-trending dips of 20° to 40°. (2) During the mineralization period, hydrothermal flow was associated with the intrusion geometry and features. However, it was constrained by the Jiaojia fault, which blocked the vadose flow into the upper wall rock and made the hydrothermal route close to the fault in the footwall fracture zones. (3) Three gold potential targets were identified by the numerical simulation results in the study area: the NW-trending Sizhuang gold deposit, the NW-trending zone of Jiaojia gold deposit, and the NE-trending zone of the Xincheng gold deposit. (4) The numerical simulation results show the fault-and-intrusion metallogenic domain and the hydrothermal alteration zones, which reflect the main ore-controlling and ore-forming factors of mineralization. The information obtained through the numerical simulation discussed here can be used to define exploration criteria in the study area.

     

哈拉湖岩芯XRF扫描元素统计分析及其环境意义

青藏高原东北缘高山湖泊哈拉湖是位于季风与西风影响的交汇带的封闭深水湖泊,是区域环境和气候变化的良好记录载体。目前对该湖的研究还较少,缺乏对沉积物中元素环境意义的系统认识。通过高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描,用相关、聚类和因子分析的方法对哈拉湖沉积岩芯地球化学元素进行分析。结果显示Ti、K、Si、Al、Fe、Mn等元素变化一致,相关性高,归为同一类,即径流输入的陆源碎屑组分,反映了流域水文状况如径流量的变化。Sr、Zr元素相关性高,为赋存在粗颗粒沉积物中的元素,根据哈拉湖实际,应为冬季湖泊冰面风力搬运,反映了湖区冬季风力强度的变化。Ca元素既与径流输入元素总体变化一致,也与Sr、Zr元素显著相关,且在第一和第二主成分(径流和风力)上的载荷相当,表明哈拉湖沉积物中的碳酸盐既有粗颗粒的外源碎屑,也有湖泊自生的组分,这在利用碳酸盐进行地球化学研究时应重视,注意去除外源碎屑碳酸盐的影响。可溶元素S和Cl可能反映了入湖水量与蒸发对比情况,与湖泊盐度有关。     

Stable Isotopes (O, H, and S) in the Muteh Gold Deposit, Golpaygan Area, Iran

The Muteh gold district with nine gold deposits is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. Gold mineralization occurs in a pre-Permian complex which mainly consists of green schists, meta-volcanics, and gneiss rocks. Shear zones are the host of gold mineralization. Gold paragenesis minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and secondary minerals. Pyrites occur as pre-, syn-, and post-metamorphism minerals. To determine the source of the ore-bearing fluids, fifty samples were selected for petrographical and stable isotope studies. The mean values of 12.4‰, and −42‰ for δ¹⁸O and δD isotopes, respectively, and a mean value of 7.75‰ of calculated fractionation factors for δ¹⁸O H₂O, from quartz veins indicate that metamorphic host rocks are the most important source for the fluids and gold mineralization. Three generations of pyrite can be distinguished showing a wide range of δ³⁴S. Gold mineralization is closely associated with intense hydrothermal alteration along the ductile shear zones. The characteristics of the gold mineralization in the study area are similar to those of orogenic gold deposits elsewhere. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Petrochemical and Mineralogical Constraints on the Source and Processes of Uranium Mineralisation in the Granitoids of Zing-Monkin Area,Adamawa Massif,NE Nigeria

Zing-Monkin area, located in the northern part of Adamawa Massif, is underlain by extensive exposures of moderately radioactive granodiorites, anatectic migmatites, equigranular granites, porphyritic granites and highly radioactive fine-grained granites with minor pegmatites. Selected major and trace element petrochemical investigations of the rocks show that a progression from granodiorite through migmatite to granites is characterised by depletion of MgO, CaO, Fe₂O_3, Sr, Ba, and Zr, and enrichment of SiO₂ and Rb. This trend is associated with uranium enrichment and shows a chemical gradation from the more primitive granodiorite to the more evolved granites. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the uranium is content in uranothorite and in accessories, such as monazite, titanite, apatite, epidote and zircon. Based on petrochemical and mineralogical data, the more differentiated granitoids (e.g., fine-grained granite) bordering the Benue Trough are the immediate source of the uranium prospect in Bima Sandstone within the Trough. Uranium was derived from the granitoids by weathering and erosion. Transportation and subsequent interaction with organic matter within the Bima Sandstone led to precipitation of insoluble secondary uranium minerals in the Benue Trough.     

Petrochemical and Tectonogenesis of Granitoids in the Wuyo-Gubrunde Horst,Northeastern Nigeria: Implication for Uranium Enrichment

The Wuyo-Gubrunde Horst in the northeastern Nigeria consists of migmatite gneiss, unaltered, altered, and sheared porphyritic granites, pegmatites, aplites, basalts, and sandstone. Uranium has been reported in rhyolite, sheared rocks, and sandstone within the area. The petrogenesis of the granitoids and associated rocks in the area was evaluated in the light of new geochemical data, which showed that the U content of altered porphyritic granite is highest and hydrothermal-related. The granitoids are metaluminous, sub-alkaline, and S-type granite, and have evolved by partial melting of crustal material emplaced at moderate depth of 20–30 km in a syn-to late-collisional within-plate tectonic setting. The negative Eu/Eu* anomaly and high (La/Yb)_N ratio of the granitoids indicate magma fractionation. The low SiO₂ (<53%) and high Fe₂O₃ (10%) of the altered porphyritic granite compared to other similar rock units suggest pervasive alteration. The associated basalts are tholeiitic, emplaced within continental plate tectonic setting, and enriched in Ni, V, Nb, Sr, and light rare earth elements, and they have SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, V, Th, and Co contents that are similar to those of the altered porphyritic granites. The U occurrence in the Wuyo-Gubrunde Horst is believed to be sourced from the adjoining Bima sandstone in the Benue Trough, which locally contains carbonaceous zones with anomalously high concentrations of U. The Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox fronts formed by alteration of the iron-rich basalts provided the requisite geochemical barrier for U-bearing hydrothermal fluid, causing enrichment of U leached and mobilized from the sandstone through fractures in the rocks.     

Logistic-Based Translation of Orogenic Gold Forming Processes into Mappable Exploration Criteria for Fuzzy Logic Mineral Exploration Targeting in the Kushaka Schist Belt,North-Central Nigeria

This paper applied a logistic-based fuzzy logic inference system to integrate critical factors that could control orogenic gold mineralization in part of the Kushaka schist belt, north-central Nigeria to develop a process-based mineral potential mapping (MPM) of the area. The critical factors from geophysical and geological dataset were weighted using logistic functions. The fuzzy logic inference system provides the capability to handle complex geological processes that culminated in orogenic gold mineralization as well as minimizing systemic uncertainties/fuzziness that often plague MPM. The results of this work show that granitic intrusions with fuzzy scores of 0.67–0.90 played a major role in generating high geothermal gradient in the area. Seventy percent of the existing gold mine sites in the area spatially coincide with metasedimentary rocks, having fuzzy scores of 0.7–0.9; this suggests metasedimentary rocks as being responsible for the production of gold fluid and ligands in the area. The evidence of hydrothermal activity, with fuzzy scores of 0.53 and 0.91, confirms the occurrence of mineralization associated with quartz veins and granite rocks. Lithological contacts and faults, having fuzzy scores of 0.60–0.80, presumably contribute to the localization of orogenic gold mineralization in the area. Emerging from the results, favorable zones for primary orogenic gold mineralization in the area occurred predominantly on granite gneiss and quartz veins. The mineral potential map was found consistent with the local geology, structural styles and hydrothermal alteration signatures in the area, and its validation using the existing locations of geochemical anomalies and prediction–area rate curve in the study area showed 75 and 72% agreement, respectively, thus confirming the reliability of the developed mineral potential map for resource management.

     

内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义

黄旗海H3剖面是14C测年8.0~2.0 ka BP高湖面时的粉砂质湖相沉积。对H3剖面的全样、77~20 um、20 um三个粒级的磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量进行了测试,研究结果表明:作为气候环境代用指标,磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量在20μm粒级样品中具有相同的指示意义。因此,在利用磁化率和地球化学元素作为气候环境代用指标时应当将样品分成不同粒级测试其含量变化,并从中寻找能够反映气候环境变化的真实信息。磁化率参数可以作为反映环境变化的代用指标,两者间有很好的相关关系,湖泊沉积中,高(低)磁化率指示干燥(湿润)的气候,较低(高)的湖面。黄旗海由磁化率反映的事件可以与北大西洋全新世突发气候事件对比,也可以和若尔盖高原泥炭记录的全新世气候事件对比,可能反映了内蒙古高原中南部、青藏高原和北大西洋地区气候变化的内在联系。     

南极乔治王岛晚白垩世地幔源火山岩Nd、Sr同位素和微量元素证据

对乔治王岛上白垩统半三角组火山岩样品进行了 Rb- Sr同位素等时线年龄测定 ,所获结果为 71 .3 3± 0 .3 Ma。通过 εND(T) - 14 7Sm/14 4Nd,14 3 Nd/14 4Nd- 87Sr/86 Sr,87Sr/86 Sr- Sr和 87Sr/86 Sr- K2 O/(K2 O+Na2 O)的相关性研究表明 ,该火山岩物质主要来自亏损地幔 (DMM)源区 ,基本上未受到地壳物质混染。其中 6个样品的平均 Sm- Nd模式年龄 (TNd DM)为 443 .3± 2 0 .6 Ma,可能反映了在研究地区的岩浆源区化学分异事件的时代。微量元素的特点表明 ,半三角组样品属典型的钙碱性火山岩系列 ,与长城站地区第三系火山岩相类似 ,同属于岛弧火山活动的产物。     

巴丹吉林沙漠查格勒布剖面微量元素反映的150 ka BP以来的气候变化

 通过对巴丹吉林沙漠查格勒布剖面150 ka BP以来地层层位中16种微量化学元素的分析发现:化学性质相对稳定的元素P、Mn、Zr、Cr、Pb、Rb、Nb、Y和相对活泼的元素V、Sr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As均随25个风成沙丘砂与黄土、古土壤、湖相、冲坡积砂土砾石层构成的沉积旋回显示为25个含量低-高变化旋回,呈跌宕起伏且多波动的锯齿状的元素相对迁移-聚集过程线。元素在风成沙中呈现的低值,揭示了干旱寒冷气候作用下风力的侵蚀搬运与堆积作用；在砂土砾石层特别是湖相、黄土和古土壤中相对富集,则与暖湿气候背景下剖面所处的特殊洼地地貌位置有关。上述变化特征主要是巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区150 ka BP以来的25个干寒多风-温湿或暖湿的气候波动所致,其根本原因可能与全球冰期-间冰期气候波动影响下的东亚冬夏季风的“拉锯式”摆动有关。