湖沼学 沼泽学

P343.42007010125中国海岸湿地环境特点与开发利用=Characteristics and ex-ploitation of wetland of China/王颖,朱大奎∥长江流域资源与环境.—2006,15(5).—553~559中国海岸湿地环境受季风波浪、潮汐与大河影响的河海交互作用为特征,地跨39个纬度带,其面积约占中国湿地总面     

Functionally assessing the sustainability of regional ecosystem services: a case study of Hohhot City

"The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital" by R.Costanza et al.in 1997 is generally regarded as a monument to the research of valuing ecosystem services.However,the classification of ecosystem services,the method of various services summation,and the purpose for static global value had many criticisms.Based on a summary of these criticisms and suggestions,further study direction—on the sustainability of ecosystem services—is presented.The two basis indicators in ecology—productivity and biodiversity,respectively characterize the ability of producing and self-organizing—not only represent the internal function of ecosystem,but also can be proportioned to its external function of supporting and providing for human life.Theoretically,the two indicators combined could physically assess the sustainability of ecosystem services based on the traditional procedure of Costanza's.The case study of Hohhot City in 1995-2005 shows that the new model reflects the changes of ecosystem services at spatial and temporal scale,and the functionally adjusted assessment shows the sustainability of Hohhot City became gradually stronger during the study decade.But due to the enormous value per unit of water ecosystem,the minimal loss of water area leads to the final result being opposite to the processing analysis,which gives a clue to the further experimental testing research.     

Simulation analysis on characteristics of land surface over western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during freezing–thawing period

Using the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment—Asian Monsoon—Tibet Plateau Experiment (GAME-Tibet) observational data—from October 2002 through September 2003—of Gaize in the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), the land-surface characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are simulated by the improved land-surface model Common Land Model (CoLM). The results show that CoLM can reproduce the land-surface characteristics of plateau areas well. In the surface-energy balance of the western QXP in the winter half year, the sensible heat (SH) flux constituted the dominant energy, and the latent heat (LH, here and after) flux is very small. Although the LH flux nearly equals zero in freezing season, it cannot be ignored during the period of freezing–thawing in QXP. In the transition season from mid- to late-May, the frequent phase change of soil water that is caused by the freezing–thawing process leads to the increase of LH flux and decrease of the Bowen ratio. The simulation results also indicate that the changes of surface effective heat fluxes (SH and LH flux) are associated with precipitation and the frequent change between freezing and thawing processes in soil surface.     

沼泽学

P931．7 2007021102湿地边界确定的理论、方法与案例=Theory method and case of wetland boundary determination/殷书柏,吕宪国//东北林业大学学报．—2006,34(5)．—66～69在分析目前关于湿地边界标准的主观规定性及其原因的基础上,认为:在湿地形成过程中的一些机理问题还没有弄清楚的情况下,可用黑箱方法来确定湿地的边界．在分析陆地系统与水体系统结构差异的基础上,确定湿地下界应     

中国城市空气质量时空演化特征及社会经济驱动力（英文）

Air pollution is a serious problem brought by the rapid urbanization and economic development in China, imposing great challenges and threats to population health and the sustainability of the society. Based on the real-time air quality monitoring data obtained for each Chinese city from 2013 to 2014, the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution are analyzed using various exploratory spatial data analysis tools. With spatial econometric models, this paper further quantifies the influences of socioeconomic factors on air quality at both the national and regional scales. The results are as follows:(1) From 2013 to 2014, the percentage of days compliance of urban air quality increased but air pollution deteriorated and the worsening situation in regions with poor air quality became more obvious.(2) Changes of air quality show a clear temporal coupling with regional socioeconomic activities, basically "relatively poor at daytime and relatively good at night".(3) Urban air pollution shows a spatial pattern of "heavy in the east and light in the west, and heavy in the north and light in the south".(4) The overall extent and distribution of regional urban air pollution have clearly different characteristics. The formation and evolution of regional air pollution can be basically induced as "the pollution of key cities is aggravated—pollution of those cities spreads— regional overall pollution is aggravated—the key cities lead in pollution governance—regional pollution joint prevention and control is implemented—regional overall pollution is reduced".(5) At the national level, energy consumption, industrialization and technological progress are the major factors in the worsening of urban air quality, economic development is a significant driver for the improvement of that quality.(6) Influenced by resources, environment and the development stage, the socioeconomic factors had strongly variable impacts on air quality, in both direction and intensity in different regions. Based on the conclusion, the regional differentiation and development idea of the relationship between economic development and environmental changes in China are discussed.     

沼泽学

X144,P4672006010103湿地景观格局变化研究进展=Changes in wetland landscapepatterns:a review/白军红,欧阳华…∥地理科学进展.—2005,24(4).—36~45从湿地景观格局研究方法、面积变化、景观类型转化、驱动力以及动态模型、湿地景观格局指数及湿地景观格局与气候变化之间的关系等方面综述了湿地景观格局变化的研究进展.指出,湿地景观格局变化及其生态效应和高原湿地景观格局变化与气候变化之间的关系是未来研究的重点领域.表1参62(宋金叶)HNX1712006010104浅析自然湿地景观设计框架=The analyses about landscapedesign of natural we…     

IDENTIFICATION OF FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE MODELS WITH CONTINUUM REGRESSION

The use of continuum regression(CR)for the identification of finite impulse response(FIR)dynamicmodels is investigated.CR encompasses the methods of principal component regression(PCR),partialleast squares(PLS)and multiple linear regression(MLR).PCR and MLR are at the two extremes of thecontinuum.In PCR and PLS,cross-validation is used to determine the optimum number of factors or‘latent variables’to retain in the regression model.CR allows one to vary the method in addition.Cross-validation then determines both the optimum method and the number of latent variables.The CR‘prediction error surface’—a function of the method and number of latent variables—is elucidated.Theoptimal model is defined as the minimum of this surface.Among the cases studied,the optimal modelusually comes from the region of the continuum between PCR and PLS.Few derive from the regionbetween PLS and MLR.It is also demonstrated that FIR models identified by CR have frequency domainproperties similar to those identified by PCR.     

沼泽学

1,41.78 162003010117青海高原湿地特征及其保护=Cllaracteristi巴of wetland anditsco~ation in the Qillghai Plateau冻桂璨,黄志伟…//冰川冻土一2002,24(3)一254一259 青海高原湿地类型包括自然湿地和人工湿地两大类型.高原湿地分布特点主要表现为3种形式:1.以湖泊或浅塘为中心环带状分布;2.以河流为中心的条带状分布;3.河源区的斑块镶嵌分布.高原湿地生物种类较为丰富,有湿地种子植物约428种;湿地动物约151种;湿地植被有水生植被、沼泽植被和沼泽草甸3大类型.近几十年来.青海高原湿地出现湖泊水位下降、湖泊面积萎缩、河流出现断流及…     

社会、经济地理

F1272006010309南水北调中线工程与汉江中下游地区可持续发展=Effectof the middle route Project of South to North Water Transferon the sustainable development of the middle andlower reachesof Hanjiang River/蔡述明,殷鸿福…∥长江流域资源与环境.—2005,14(4).—40     

CROP-PLANTING FACTOR OF SOIL EROSION OF SLOPING CULTIVATED LAND IN THE NORTHEAST MOUNTAIN REGION OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

By means of setting up experimental spots of the influences of four representative crop_planting types—maize,potato,soybean and maize_soybean intercrop on rainfall erosion,and measuring continuously three years in the northeast mountain region of Yunnan province,the C value of crop_planting factor was analysed and calculated.The results showed1．the conserving effect of crops on the soil of slopeland increases with the growth of crops,i.e.the higher the covering rate of ground is,the lower the C value is.2．in four crop_planting types,the maximum conserving effect on the soil of slopeland is maize_soybean intercrop,its C value is 0.1990,the C values of other crops are respectivelymaize 0.3517,soybean 0.3551,potato 0.3721.     

A Brief Report of the Investigation in the West Part of Tao-ho

(1) A General Statement.— The west part of Tao-ho which has become ourdominion since the Han Dynasty is still obscure for its geography. It containsnine districts of Kansu Province and two districts of Kokonor Province, andholds an important position in the development of the north-west China.     

Workshop on the Innovative Development of Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions

正The workshop on the innovative development of Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)was successfully held on October 14,2017 in Lanzhou Library of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Academician Guodong Cheng—Editors-in-chief of SCAR—hosted the meeting,more than 20 experts from Lanzhou University,Northwest Normal University and Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources attended this conference.     

沙漠地区水土资源开发利用

P931.32007043037放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄地表性质的影响=Influ-ence of grazing on the characteristics of longitudinal dune sur-face in the southern part of Gurbantunggut Desert/王雪芹,张元明…∥地理学报.—2007,62(7).—698~706分别于2002年和2005年对古尔     

山地研究 泥石流与滑坡

X432007010216四川省山区城镇山洪灾害特征分析=Analysis of characters of torrent disasters in the towns of the mountain areas,Sichuan,China/高延超,何杰…∥成都理工大学学报.自然科学版.—2006,33(1).—84~89四川省山区城镇山洪灾害分为溪河洪水、泥石流、溪河洪水 泥     

Simulation and prediction of monthly accumulated runoff,based on several neural network models under poor data availability

Most previous research on areas with abundant rainfall shows that simulations using rainfall-runoff modes have a very high prediction accuracy and applicability when using a back-propagation(BP), feed-forward, multilayer perceptron artificial neural network(ANN). However, in runoff areas with relatively low rainfall or a dry climate, more studies are needed. In these areas—of which oasis-plain areas are a particularly good example—the existence and development of runoff depends largely on that which is generated from alpine regions. Quantitative analysis of the uncertainty of runoff simulation under climate change is the key to improving the utilization and management of water resources in arid areas. Therefore, in this context, three kinds of BP feed-forward, three-layer ANNs with similar structure were chosen as models in this paper.Taking the oasis–plain region traverse by the Qira River Basin in Xinjiang, China, as the research area, the monthly accumulated runoff of the Qira River in the next month was simulated and predicted. The results showed that the training precision of a compact wavelet neural network is low; but from the forecasting results, it could be concluded that the training algorithm can better reflect the whole law of samples. The traditional artificial neural network(TANN) model and radial basis-function neural network(RBFNN) model showed higher accuracy in the training and prediction stage. However, the TANN model, more sensitive to the selection of input variables, requires a large number of numerical simulations to determine the appropriate input variables and the number of hidden-layer neurons. Hence, The RBFNN model is more suitable for the study of such problems. And it can be extended to other similar research arid-oasis areas on the southern edge of the Kunlun Mountains and provides a reference for sustainable water-resource management of arid-oasis areas.     

生物资源

Q948.22007043071祁连山东部北坡植被垂直分布特征及保护措施=Verticaldistribution character and protective measures of the north-slopevegetation on the east part of Qilian Mountains/胡发成,于天明…∥草业科学.—2007,34(1).—13~16根据调查,对祁连山东部北坡的植被     

国土开发整治与区域规划

国土开发整治X1712006021887三江平原湿地保护与耕地开垦冲突权衡=Tradeoff of con-flict between wetland protection and farmland reclamation inthe Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province/李云成,刘昌明…∥北京林业大学学报.—2006,28(1).—39~42为保障国家粮食安全,国家     

内蒙古草原草本植物萌芽期时空变化（英文）

Phenological modeling is not only important for the projection of future changes of certain phenophases but also crucial for systematically studying the spatiotemporal patterns of plant phenology. Based on ground phenological observations, we used two existing temperature-based models and 12 modified models with consideration of precipitation or soil moisture to simulate the bud-burst date(BBD) of four common herbaceous plants—Xanthium sibiricum, Plantago asiatica, Iris lactea and Taraxacum mongolicum—in temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that(1) increase in temperature promoted the BBD of all species. However, effects of precipitation and soil moisture on BBD varied among species.(2) The modified models predicted the BBD of herbaceous plants with R~2 ranging from 0.17 to 0.41 and RMSE ranging from 9.03 to 11.97 days, better than classical thermal models.(3) The spatiotemporal pattern of BBD during 1980–2015 showed that species with later BBD, e.g. X. sibiricum(mean: day of year 135.30) exhibited an evidently larger spatial difference in BBD(standard deviation: 13.88 days) than the other species. Our findings suggest that influences of temperature and water conditions need to be considered simultaneously in predicting the phenological response of herbaceous plants to climate change.     

ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA Vol.29 (1963)

N。!The Characteristics of H…。o·Ch,mlstry of R。v,r。In Ch。na…………… K。C.Lo and D.C.Wang(l>DrOUght and FIOOd Problems In the HUmanHIStory of HUpel ProvinCe and their Correlat1O区S With theVariations of Solar Activities……·,………………………、……………………………C.S.Chlas(14)Evaluation of Natural Conditions In the Fconomlc GQog【aphy——A Discussion In the 1962Meeting Of ECOnom1C Geogt。Phlc。ICOmlnlttee Of the Geogr。Ph1C。ISOCI,ty Of Chin。…………………     

ACTA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA Vol.29 (1963)

N。!The Characteristics of H…。o·Ch,mlstry of R。v,r。In Ch。na…………… K。C.Lo and D.C.Wang(l>DrOUght and FIOOd Problems In the HUmanHIStory of HUpel ProvinCe and their Correlat1O区S With theVariations of Solar Activities……·,………………………、……………………………C.S.Chlas(14)Evaluation of Natural Conditions In the Fconomlc GQog【aphy——A Discussion In the 1962Meeting Of ECOnom1C Geogt。Phlc。ICOmlnlttee Of the Geogr。Ph1C。ISOCI,ty Of Chin。…………………