德兴地区怀玉地体前震旦纪地层划分与对比

德兴地区怀玉地体前震旦纪变质地层可分为２群６组。下部海相火山碎屑岩夹细碧角斑岩建造称铜厂群,含东坑组、铁罗山组和杜村组,代表中元古代怀玉地体边缘裂陷槽沉积;上部陆源碎屑为主的泥砂质复理石建造及陆相火山岩称登山群,含小浮溪组、拔竹坑组和上墅组,代表新元古代怀玉地体边缘海沉积及火山喷发。在区域上可与邻区相对比。     

江西银坑矿田山溪村—佛岭NNE向构造特征及其意义

1区域地质背景银坑矿田位于华南板块中部雩山块体的东缘,青塘—银坑复式向斜南段东侧;东邻武夷块体,两块体间以宁都—定南北北东向韧性剪切冲断带为拼接带(刘学智,1992)。区域基底地层为前震旦系和震旦系,前者为海相火山碎屑-泥砂质碎屑岩建造和复理石建造,     

富铀花岗岩源岩特征

论述了华南陆壳的地层结构、岩性组合及其含铀性,各个构造旋回对铀的活化、迁移和富集作用。指出富铀花岗岩的源岩特征是：具有高硅、富铝、富钾的富铀陆壳。岩石组合主要以陆源泥砂质碎屑岩建造为主,夹中酸性、基性火山碎屑岩建造和碳酸盐岩建造等所组成的岩石。岩石经受了多次构造运动,使其发生不同程度的区域变质作用和混合岩化、花岗岩化,最终形成富铀花岗岩。     

弓长岭太古代条带状硅铁建造中长英质变质岩的原岩恢复及地层学意义

弓长岭太古代条带状硅铁建造中的长英质变质岩为该地层的标志层(K和K_S层)。原岩恢复表明二矿区黑云母石英钠长变粒岩(K层)为含火山灰的中酸性火山熔岩;而岭东区的石榴云母石英片岩(K_S层)为含火山灰的泥砂质沉积岩,二者不能对比。据此,本文补充和完善了该区地层剖面。它表明弓长岭硅铁建造生成于大陆边缘的陆棚浅海环境,其铁矿层赋存于一海进层序的中上部。该建造的沉积岩组合特征与绿岩带不同,而与典型的高级区表壳岩组合类似。     

龙脖河地区构造——地层及成矿作用讨论

龙脖河地区地层系统是一套由印支（青藏滇）板块俯冲碰撞扬子板块造出时形成的混杂的构造复合地质体。其主体地层应为二叠纪的泥砂质－火山岩建造,混有元古宙岩块和三叠块岩块。基优矿作用主要受二叠纪火山岩相及火山机构控制。采用造山带区域针层学－－非史密斯地层学方法来恢复其原始状态,有利于查明成矿作用、矿体产出规律、找矿才会有新的突破。     

西准噶尔玛依勒山一带早泥盆世生物化石的发现及其意义

新疆北部西准噶尔地区玛依勒山一带泥盆纪火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑沉积岩建造较发育,以往资料一般将其划为中泥盆统。本次工作在该套地层中发现了大量属于早泥盆世的化石,为该套地层的时代确定提供了依据。根据岩石地层单位将该区泥盆系划分为下泥盆统马拉苏组和中泥盒统库鲁木迪组。     

西准噶尔吾尔喀什尔地区早—中志留世生物化石的发现及意义

西准噶尔吾尔喀什尔山北缘志留纪地层主要发育滨-浅海相碎屑沉积岩和火山碎屑岩建造,以往资料将其划分为中—上泥盆统。该区原划为上泥盆统塔尔巴哈台组的一套地层中发现大量早—中志留世化石,结合岩性组合特征,将该套地层划为早—中志留世恰尔尕也组。该组化石的发现对吾尔喀什尔地区早—中志留世生物组合特征、志留纪地层划分、对比、沉积环境及区域地质演化提供了新证据。     

赣北昆山-大河里地区钨钼矿资源潜力及找矿方向

赣北昆山—大河里钨、钼矿均富集在同一地层——双桥山群修水组的一套火山碎屑、泥砂质区域浅变质岩系中。矿化富集区处于九岭钨钼矿带内,它们呈北东向展布,主要受北东向构造控制,并与北东向构造的南北向次级断裂带有关。矿化富集区及次一级的矿化富集区中,石英脉发育,地表矿化信息丰富,有寻找和扩大钨钼矿资源的潜力。     

论福建西部早古生代的沉积建造及岩相古地理环境

福建之下古生界包括寒武系及奥陶系,主要出露于西部沿邵武—长汀和三明—龙岩大致呈两个北东向带状展布。本文作者曾论述过福建西部早古生代地层的划分及对比,在此,拟进一步探讨其沉积建造特征及岩相古地理环境,以供同仁参考。从沉积建造分析,福建下古生界总体上属于以泥砂质为主的复理式建造,系一种较为典     

新疆野马泉金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

野马泉金矿产于志留系库布苏群浅海一次深海相含火山碎屑的泥砂质沉积建造中，含矿围岩为破碎蚀变的闪长玢岩脉，矿带长约20km，矿体沿走向呈透镜状或脉状，断续分布，矿化受构造及岩体联合控制。主成矿期发生于脉岩形成后的构造破碎及岩石蚀变阶段，矿床为构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.