热解—动力学光度法测定岩石和化探样品中痕量溴

以五氧化二钒为熔剂,用热解分离富集痕量溴,吸收于0.036mol/l 氢氧化钾中,在1.34mol/l 硫酸和硝酸混合溶液中,溴离子催化高锰酸钾对碘的氧化,用苯萃取未反应碘,然后用硫氢酸汞—硫酸高铁铵比色法测定溴。本方法灵敏度高,远择性好,操作简便、快速,方法检出限为0.35ppm 溴,标准偏差为11.63％。     

马尾藻制碘中提高得碘率方法的实验

碘是重要的化工产品,它在工业、农业、医药、科研和国防上都有着广泛而重要的用途。因此扩大碘的生产,提高碘的自给能力,是化工制药生产中的重要课题之一。在我们从事马尾藻制碘研究的过程中,曾经实验过许多方法,也遇到过很多     

山东省黄河下游流域高碘地甲病分布与地球化学环境相关性

山东省黄河下游流域是山东省高碘地甲病重病区.在区域调杳的基础上,选择其中的郓城、嘉祥,东昌府、博兴4县(区)开展土壤碘含量、饮水碘含量、儿童尿碘、儿童甲状腺容积、儿童甲肿率等指标调杳,结果表明区内饮水碘含量和群体的尿碘含量普遍较高,高碘的危害和高碘地甲病情严重.分析了土壤、饮水碘分布及变化规律,研究了高碘地甲病与地球化学环境相关性,结果显示高碘地甲病与饮水碘含量呈正相关关系,而与土壤中碘元素含量无明显的相关关系.     

基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的时滞系统鲁棒控制器设计

针对时滞系统,提出一种基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的鲁棒控制器设计方法.它首先通过互质分解得到控制器和灵敏度函数的参数化形式,将控制器的设计转化为灵敏度函数成型;然后利用同伦法求解具有阶次约束的Nevanlin-na-Pick插值问题,从而求得控制器和灵敏度函数.仿真实验结果表明,闭环系统的灵敏度函数由被控对象的非最小相位零点和不稳定极点决定.     

哈维氏弧菌可视化LAMP快速检测方法的建立及应用

【目的】为加强对哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）的早期快速诊断和筛查,探究一种快速检测方法。【方法】以哈维氏弧菌外膜通道蛋白基因Toic为靶基因,以钙黄绿素为检测结果指示剂,通过对反应体系、反应时间和温度进行优化,并检测其特异性和灵敏度,建立一种针对哈维氏弧菌的可视化环介导等温基因扩增（LAMP）检测方法。【结果】该方法的检测时间最快为35 min,灵敏度为100 fg/mL,特异性强,与8种弧菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均无交叉反应。实用性检测结果显示,该方法可准确并特异性地检测到鱼体组织中感染的哈维氏弧菌。【结论】建立一种设备简单、操作简单、反应快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、结果可视化的哈维氏弧菌LAMP快速检测方法,且适用于石斑鱼（Epinephelus）感染哈维氏弧菌的早期快速诊断,为进一步推广该技术在石斑鱼及其他水生动物哈维氏弧菌感染监测中的现场大规模应用提供技术支撑。     

原子吸收法测定矿石中的锂铷铯

本文研究了锂、铷、铯三元素在丙酮有机溶剂中的行为,测定条件,干扰离子的影响及消除,使灵敏度分别比在水相中提高为2.5—3.5倍。方法灵敏度高,干扰少,测定范围为0～5PPM,适用于矿石中微量锂、铷、铯三元素同时测定。     

马尾藻制碘中提高得碘率方法的实验

碘是重要的化工产品，它在工业、农业、医药、科研和国防上都有着广泛而重要的用途。因此扩大碘的生产，提高碘的自给能力，是化工制药生产中的重要课题之一。     

马尾藻制碘新工艺的探讨

碘广泛分布在自然界中,但是由于它极端分散,遍布在地壳各处,因而难以获得。实际上在水产动植物的机体中均含一定量的碘,如某些海绵含碘达8.5％,海藻中含碘较丰富的褐藻类,北方的海带含碘有0.24～0.756％,南方的马尾藻含碘亦有0.02～0.36％,它们的灰烬中含碘常     

污泥吸附剂制备的研究

为探索城市污泥资源化的途径,以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用氯化锌活化法制备污泥吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度、活化时间4种因素对制备污泥吸附剂碘吸附值的影响,并对吸附剂进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:氯化锌浓度3mol/L、固液比1:2、活化温度550℃和活化时间40min为最佳制备条件,此条件下制得的污泥吸附剂碘吸附值为408.94mg/g,比表面积199.196m2/g,总孔体积为0.481cm3/g,微孔体积为0.089cm3/g,平均孔径为4.83nm。与商品活性炭相比,污泥吸附剂的碘吸附值和比表面积较小,孔径较宽,微孔所占比例较小,主要以过渡结构为主。     

多目标地球化学调查中碘的测定——催化动力学分光光度法

催化动力学分光光度法测碘,混合试剂用量、熔样温度、熔样时间及显色酸度对本方法的影响。     

The ecological risks of hydrogen peroxide as a cyanocide: its effect on the community structure of bacterioplankton

Microcystis blooms are an environmental and ecological concern that has received a serious attention. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is an environment-friendly cyanocide that is commonly used to control Microcystis blooms. While the ecological safety of H_2O_2 has been previously studied, its influence on bacterioplankton has not been investigated to date. In this study, we used mesocosm experiments to determine the influence of H_2O_2 on the dynamic changes of the community structure of bacterioplankton. By using deep-sequencing and metagenomics strategy we determined the community structures of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton assemblages that were dominated by M icrocystis at a highly eutrophic Dianchi Lake, China. The results showed that M icrocystis was more sensitive to H_2O_2 than other eukaryotic algae. More interestingly, application of H_2O_2 changed the community structure of bacterioplankton, evidenced by the emergence of F irmicutes as the dominant species in place of B acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The H_2O_2 treatment resulted in the community of bacterioplankton that was primarily dominated by E xiguobacterium and Planomicrobium. Our results show that the abundance changed and the bacterioplankton diversity did not recover even after the concentration of H_2O_2 reached to the background level. Thus, the response of bacterioplankton must be considered when assessing the ecological risks of using H_2O_2 to control Microcystis blooms, because bacterioplankton is the key player that forms the basis of food web of aquatic environment.     

过氧化氢对全铁测定的影响

由过氧化钠分解试样的熔融物，经水提取后，会产生大量的过氧化氢。它对重铬酸钾测定全铁的结果，会产生偏高的影响。如果加热煮沸或以饿驱除它，则所得结果将令人满意。     

壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物的制备及其催化性能

采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱,然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物,用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构,并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明:壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性,常温(25℃)常压,pH=7.0的条件下放置12 h,催化H2O2的分解达99.8%,该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。     

O_2和H_2O对脉冲电晕分解NO的影响

在脉冲电晕放电条件下,探讨了O2和H2O对NO分解反应过程的影响,并对复杂组分中NO的分解特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,脉冲电晕放电对NO分解反应具有一定的促进作用,可有效地分解模拟烟气中的NO,脱除效率随脉冲电压的增加而缓慢增加;受O2和H2O影响,NO分解转化率较N2氛围略有降低。     

PROMOTIVE EFFECT OF Se ON THE GROWTH AND ANTIOXIDATION OF A BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA MAXIMA

ItwasreportedthatthegrOwthofthedrinediatomffelassforiraPsethenana(Hust.)HasleetHeiIndaldependedonSe(Priceetal.,1987).ThisreqUirementissPecificforSe;nootherelementscansubstituteforit,becauseSecaninduceglutathioneperoxidase(GSH-PoD)activityinthisdiatom(PriceandHarrison,l988),andinlow-CO2-grooCham~nasreinhandiiDangerad(Yokotaetal.,l988).ThisenZyInac-tivitywdetectedinextractsOfablue-greenalgaGleeoCaPasp.LB795(TotaandGallon,l979),andalsoincultUredhigherplancells(Drotaretal.,1985),butw…     

Sediment Provenance and Climate Changes Since the Middle Pleistocene in the Yingqiong Continental Slope of the South China Sea

The age, grain size compositions and major elemental compositions for sediments in core YQ1 from the Yingqiong continental slope in the South China Sea was determined in this paper. It is noted that the periodically cyclic change of sedimentation rates occurred in the Yingqiong continental slope in the South China Sea. During the interglacial periods, the sedimentation rates were high, while the sedimentation rates exhibited low values during the glacial periods. During Marine Isotope Stage 1(MIS1), the sedimentary rate could reach about 800 cm kyr~(-1) and during the MIS6 this area is characterized by the lowest sedimentary rate, which is lower than 3 cm kyr~(-1). According to the R-mode factor analysis of the major element data, three factors F1(Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3, TiO_2 and K_2O), F_2(MgO and MnO) and F3(Na_2O and P_2O_5) were obtained, which shows that vertical change of the major elemental concentrations in the core was mainly controlled by the nearby terrestrial inputs and the early diagenesis, while the effect of volcanic and biogenous inputs was less. The obvious glacial-interglacial cyclic features are presented in the changes of the typical terrestrial element ratios contained in factor F1, which reflects the impact of glacial-interglacial climatic cycle on the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. This indicates that the major element ratios in terrestrial sediments are significant indicators of regional climate changes.     

离子色谱法测定地下水中有机氮

本文探讨了K_2S_2O_8氧化离子色谱法测定有机氮的实验条件,考察了淋洗剂离子价态及淋洗剂总离子强度对低浓度NO_3~-与高浓度SO_4~2-分离的影响;测定了11种含氮有机化台物有机氮的回收率。本法测定地下水中有机氮的结果与经典蒸馏法结果较为一致,具有操作简便、快速、准确,效率高的特点。     

Relationship between oxygen concentration,respiration and filtration rate in blue mussel Mytilus edulis

The large water-pumping and particle-capturing gills of the filter-feeding blue mussel Mytilus edulis are oversized for respiratory purposes. Consequently, the oxygen uptake rate of the mussel has been suggested to be rather insensitive to decreasing oxygen concentrations in the ambient water, since the diff usion rate of oxygen from water flowing through the mussel determines oxygen uptake. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the oxygen uptake in mussels exposed to various oxygen concentrations. These concentrations were established via N2-bubbling of the water in a respiration chamber with mussels fed algal cells to stimulate fully opening of the valves. It was found that mussels exposed to oxygen concentrations decreasing from 9 to 2 mg O_2/L resulted in a slow but significant reduction in the respiration rate, while the filtration rate remained high and constant. Thus, a decrease of oxygen concentration by 78% only resulted in a 25% decrease in respiration rate. However, at oxygen concentrations below 2 mg O_2/L M. edulis responded by gradually closing its valves, resulting in a rapid decrease of filtration rate, concurrent with a rapid reduction of respiration rate. These observations indicated that M.edulis is no longer able to maintain its normal aerobic metabolism at oxygen concentration below 2 mg O 2/L, and there seems to be an energy-saving mechanism in bivalve molluscs to strongly reduce their activity when exposed to low oxygen conditions.     

Preparation of low molecular weight Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its anticoagulant activity

Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant drug for many years, but it has significant side ef fects. In the search for good substitutes, low molecular weight(MW) polysaccharides from S argassum fusiforme have been examined and confi rmed to possess biological activities. Here, S. fusiforme polysaccharides(SFP) were extracted and subjected to a hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) oxidation method for the preparation of low-MW SFP(LSFP). The effects of temperature, pH, and H_2O_2 concentration on the degradation process were also examined. Several LSFP of 36, 9, 5.7, and 2.7 kDa were obtained under different conditions, and their anticoagulant activities studied in vitro. The results showed that SFP and LSFP prolonged activated partial thromboplastin(APTT), prothrombin(PT) and thrombin times(TT) significantly, indicating that these low MW polysaccharides possessed anticoagulant activity in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathways. As these ef fects were related to the MW of the polysaccharides in APTT and TT but not in PT, the contents of the monosaccharide fucose and sulfate and the polysaccharide MW could have exerted combined ef fects. The details of this mechanism require further verifi cation.     

山东省TTG片麻岩—绿岩带与麻粒岩带

山东省绿岩带由橄榄科马提岩、TH_1拉斑玄武岩、FI 中酸性火山岩和沉积岩组成。缺少安山质岩石,镁铁质与长英质火山岩呈二元结构。TTG 片麻岩系高 Al_2O_3型,与绿岩带呈侵入接触关系。绿岩带的年龄值介于2439Ma 与至2855Ma 之间。TTG 片麻岩的年龄值介于2462Ma 至2628Ma 之间。TH_1拉斑玄武岩、FI 中酸性火山岩与高 Al_2O_3型片麻岩有成因联系,TH_1镁铁质岩石的部分熔融可以是片麻岩岩源的解释。麻粒岩可能是构造带上镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆活动的携带物。