849年振武、天德地震史料考证与地震基本参数再校订

对公元849年振武、天德地震史料进行了考证,认为:①地名“河西”是指唐代河西县,在今陕西合阳县黄河沿岸地区。②“云迦”是指唐代“云迦关”,可能在今包头西北石门附近。③这次地震“压死者数千人”。利用考证后的史料,对这次地震基本参数进行了再校订,确定这次地震为公元849年10月24日包头东河（40.6°N,110.1°E）7?级地震。      

1347年4月“东平路地震”基本参数的校订

《元史》卷五一记载:至正七年三月,“东平路东阿、阳谷、平阴三县地震,河水摇动”.之后,明清时期山东20余种府、州、县地方志相继出现了有关至正七年三月的地震记载.《山东历史地震目录》给出这次地震基本参数为,1347年4月11日至5月10日济阳西南部(36.8°N,117.1° E)5级地震,震中烈度为Ⅵ度;《中国历史地震简目(B·C·780～A·D·1986,M≥4.7)》给出这次地震基本参数为1347年4月山东长清东(36.5°N,116.8° E)5级地震.而《中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪-公元1911年)》等正式出版的地震目录都没有这次地震.     

夏帝发七年“泰山震”的解读

概述了对今本《竹书纪年》夏帝发"七年,陟。泰山震"这条记载的各种见解和涉及的今本《竹书纪年》的争鸣等;分析了这条史料的关键字"陟"、"震"在古文中的字义和在《竹书纪年》中的特定含义,结合夏商周断代工程研究成果等,认为对夏帝发"七年,陟。泰山震"的确切解读是:夏帝发于在位的第七年(约公元前1652年)崩亡;这一年泰山发生地震或受到地震的影响,地震发生的时间比此前推算的公元前1831年推后了179年,但无法确定这次地震的震中位置和震级。     

公元512年山西北部7.5级强震的震中位置商榷

本文根据历史文献资料,对公元512年5月12日山西北部的一次7(1/2)级强震的有感区、破坏区、极震区、佘震分布区以及震前山西北部的地震活动形势作了分析研究,提出这次强震的震中位置大体是北纬38°50′,东经112°50′,在今代县境内,取名代县地震。发震构造为北北东向。     

福建1574年53/4级地震的历史资料汇编分析

1574年8月福建省发生的5(3/4)级地震事件在不同目录版本中记载的时空参数差异较大,文中按照时间顺序对此次地震不同版本的历史史料进行复核、分析、找出其中差异的可能因素。并结合现代地震活动和最新地震安全评价复核等分析结果,本着尊重历史史料、科学严谨的分析态度,力求对这次地震客观地作出地震三要素复核结论。研究结果认为,此次地震的发生时间应为1574年8月19日,地点在福州—连江间(26.1°N,119.3°E),震级为534级更为合理。     

唐贞观晋州地震考

对唐朝3次灾害最严重的地震作了研究,认为949年晋州(今山西临汾)地震死亡人数应为5000余人。从震亡人数、余震序列,对比734年天水、749年河套地震,认为这次地震烈度可达9度,震级可达7级。     

2014年9月6日河北涿鹿4.3级地震分析

2014年9月6日河北涿鹿发生4.3级地震,该地震发生在延怀盆地的延矾断裂带上,打破了延怀盆地及其周边(39.8°~41.0°N,114.1°~116.1°E)自2005年8月31日河北蔚县3.4级地震后长达9年的ML≥4.0地震平静,是一个非常值得关注的显著地震事件。从该地震的地质背景、地震序列、震源机制及视应力、地震活动性等方面进行分析,结果表明:地震的主破裂面走向与延矾断裂带走向一致,错动方式以走滑为主,地震序列是主震—余震型。根据以前震例的总结分析认为,此次地震的发生对后续华北地区中强地震具有一定的指示意义。     

公元前179年“齐楚地震”考证与发震构造讨论

对公元前179年(汉文帝前元元年)"齐楚地震"的基本参数一直有不同认识,属于疑难历史地震。在吸收西汉政区研究成果的基础上,深入分析了地震史料隐含的约束条件,对这次地震震中位置进行了考证。提出了以齐楚边界和国都连线为基点,结合史料给出的有关约束条件,综合确定震中位置的技术方案。同时,依据地震地质调查成果,从发震构造角度论证了震中位置的合理性。1)鉴于西汉时期政权更迭频繁,通过追踪西汉初期(尤其是汉文帝前元元年前后)齐、楚政区变化情况,尽力复原当时的行政区划和齐楚两国边界分布。2)认真分析史料记载的"齐楚地震,二十九山同日崩,大水溃出"所指示的地区范围,对比历史上其他震例造成的破坏现象的空间分布以及破坏程度,为震中位置和震级确定提供重要约束条件。经文献考证认为,这次地震可定为公元前179年6月6日平邑南(35.2°N,117.6°E)7级地震。3)结合卫星影像判读和野外地震地质调查资料,分析研究了"齐楚地震"所在地区的地质构造特点和活动断裂发育情况。在排除该地震事件属于郯庐断裂带地震事件后,通过对比分析郯庐断裂带西侧发育的各条NW向断裂的构造地貌以及剖面表现,认为苍尼断裂可能是"齐楚地震"的发震断裂。在震中附近,苍尼断裂控制着白彦断陷盆地的发育,也是断层地貌最为清楚的地方,断错的地层最新,断层运动量也最大。     

元至正七年三月"东平路"地震史料考证及目录校订

收集了元代至正七年(1347)三月东平路发生的一次较强有感地震的史料,通过地震历史资料记载情况的比较,元、明、清的行政区划演变分析,判定和厘清了东平路地震可靠的史料.这次地震目录校订为1347年4月山东省东阿县(36.3°N、116.2°E)M4?级地震.     

用CAP方法研究重庆荣昌2014年2月23日M_L3.8地震震源机制

利用CAP(cut-and-paste)法反演2014年2月23日重庆荣昌ML3.8地震震源机制,得到MW震级为3.04,节面Ⅰ走向46°、倾角44°、滑动角74°,节面Ⅱ走向247°、倾角48°、滑动角104°,P轴方位147.25°、仰角-2.09°,T轴方位46°、仰角-78.76°,表明该地震是带走滑分量的逆冲型地震。CAP测定的这次ML3.8地震的震源深度为3km,在油气的储层内,震源机制解中节面Ⅱ走向、倾角与震中附近的一条深度为1700m以下走向为SW230°倾向NW,倾角约45°的"腹底"逆断层基本一致。震中位于荣昌天然气田,附近有几口废水回注深井,曾发生大量的注水诱发地震。本次地震亦有可能是在区域主应力场的作用下,注水后岩石的孔隙压发生变化触发了盆地盖层内"腹底"断层活动的结果。     

Heat flow map of the European part of the U.S.S.R.

A heat flow isoline map is presented. Low and relatively constant heat flow has been observed in the old shield areas of the East European Platform (25–40 mW/m²). Increased heat flow (>50 mW/m²) has been found in the Dniepr-Donetz depression. The area south of the East European Platform is characterized by highly variable heat flow (55–100 mW/m²). Some geophysical implications are discussed.     

缅怀()原尊礼先生

转眼间,原尊礼先生已经离开我们一周年了.时至今日,每当我走进会长办公室,都会感到先生仿佛就在屏风对面的办公桌前阅读论文,或是在查看地震图;而我,时而向他请教,时而同他谈谈自已的想法,这好像就是昨天的事情.     

盘海营地区农村住宅的抗震性能调查分析

开展农村民居抗震性能调查是国家防震减灾规划的重要组成部分。本文在对辽宁省盘锦、海城、营口地区农村住宅抗震性能调查工作的基础上,从房屋的结构特点、建造年代分布、房屋的大小等方面进行了详细总结,鉴于该区域结构特点和建造年代具有很强的相关性,给出了该调查区域的农村住宅分类方法。提出基于调查中发现的进深与分类之间的相关性,利用高分辨率卫星图片判读能够在保证准确度的情况下有效降低建立农村房屋存量数据库的成本。最后,本文结合震害中农村民居砌体墙破坏模式及《镇（乡）村建筑抗震技术规程》（2008）指出了盘海营地区农村房屋在抗震方面存在的不足。     

Three-dimensional velocity inversion of teleseismic P-wave residuals from the telemetric network of the G.D.R.

Residuals of teleseismic P-wave arrival times at the CIPE network were used to estimate the three-dimensional velocity structure of the upper mantle by means of the inversion procedure described by Aki et al. (1977). Two models with different depth ranges (233 and 500 km, respectively) have been determined. They refer to the upper mantle beneath the Central European part of the Variscian fold-belt and its transition to the East European platform north of it. Both models reveal a lateral velocity increase within the upper mantle. It is directed to the northeast within the lithosphere and at least a part of the asthenosphere, and in a more northerly direction at greater depth. Furthermore, there seems to exist a local inhomogeneity west of Prague at a depth of some 200 km.     

On the mode theory of V. L. F. ionospheric propagation

Summary The space between the earth and the ionosphere is considered as a wave-guide with sharply bounded walls. Employing a representation in terms of spherical wave functions of complex order, the field of a vertical dipole source is calculated for very low frequencies. It is shown that the dominant mode for 16 kc is of order one and not zero as has been commonly supposed. Good agreement is obtained with the experimental results ofJ. Heritage.Paper presented at «Colloque International sur la propagation des Ondes Radio électriques» Paris, September 1956.     

Statistical validation of GCM-simulated climates for the U.S. Great Lakes and the C.I.S. Emba and Ural River basins

Many researchers use outputs from large-scale global circulation models of the atmosphere to assess hydrological and other impacts associated with climate change. However, these models cannot capture all climate variations since the physical processes are imperfectly understood and are poorly represented at smaller regional scales. This paper statistically compares model outputs from the global circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to historical data for the United States' Laurentian Great Lakes and for the Emba and Ural River basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). We use maximum entropy spectral analysis to compare model and data time series, allowing us to both assess statistical predictabilities and to describe the time series in both time and frequency domains. This comparison initiates assessments of the model's representation of the real world and suggests areas of model improvement.     

The enthalpy of the heat-carrying fluids and the energy of eruption of velican geyser, Kamchatka, U.S.S.R.

The enthalphy of the heat carrying fluids liquid water or mixture of water plus steam) which feeds the biggest Kamchatka geyser, Velican is obtained from the critical quantity of heat Qcritical, which is the net heat lost during the previous eruption and must be resupplied (stored) to trigger the next eruption. There are two unknowns in the heat balance equation for the geyser that cannot be determined from observations on the geyser in its natural state: critical and the enthalpy of the heat-carrying fluids I_o. In order to obtain a system of two equations for unambiguous determination of these parameters, we made temporary physical changes that affected the natural interval between geyser eruptions and constructed the heat balance equations for the different regimes (i.e., natural and induced intervals).The changes in interval of Velican geyser were achieved by changing the area of its surface pool, using dams. For geysers with large surface pool areas, the heat loss from the surface (mainly through evaporation) is of the same order and sometimes larger than the losses from discharge of hot water. The change of surface pool area for Velican geyser from 12 m² (in natural state) to 4.5 and 36.7 m² in experiments leads to changes of its interval from an average of 5 hours and 35 minutes in natural state to 4 hours and 59 minutes and 8 hours and 8 minutes, respectively. From the three independent equations of heat balance we obtained three sets cf values for the enthalpy, I_o and the critical energy, Qcritical, which differ from each other by less than 1%: I_o= 176 kcal/kg^*, Q_critical = 3.78 × 10⁶ kcal.The interval between eruptions of Velican geyser tends to change linearly with vent area (within our experimental range). The range or interval values (the difference between maximal and minimal periods) also depends linearly on vent area. These two systematics are due to the facts that the increase of vent surface area causes increased heat loss by evaporation, and that changes of external conditions (wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature) greatly influence the geyser interval.In order to simplify comparison of intervals of eruption of different geysers or of the     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.