一次奇特的泥石流

在连续晴朗且没有大容量地表水的情况下,浙江省庆元县安南乡小源村洋尾坑发生了泥石流,与通常认为的泥石流的发生由暴雨、冰雪融水或库塘溃坝等水源激发大相径庭。通过访问灾害形成及活动过程和全面调查地质环境条件,认为该泥石流是滑坡的一种特殊运动形式,属于比较独特的泥流,并展开了活动机理研究。     

云南露天磷矿山地质灾害防治与土地复垦探讨

云南露天磷矿开采的采场、排土场,尾矿库、矿山工业场地和矿山道路等不但造成了土地的破坏,而且还是崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害易发生的高危险区。对此需加强工程监测,同时采取土壤重构、植被重建、配套道路及灌溉工程建设等,对这些损毁的土地进行土地复垦。     

鞍山市铁矿矿山地质灾害形成条件及对策研究

矿山地质灾害较其它地质灾害相比有其独特性。在鞍山铁矿区，排土场沉降不仅与采矿引起的地下水位下降有直接的联系，还与松散细粒土层、活动断裂有关；滑坡、泥石流地质灾害与地形地貌、水源条件及构造有一定的关系，更重要的是采矿活动产生的废石废渣为其提供了大量的物源；尾矿库灾害主要表现为：洪水漫顶、尾矿砂液化破坏、尾矿坝渗漏及管涌溃堤、尾矿坝滑塌破坏等。本文简要分析了鞍山市铁矿山主要存在的地质灾害类型(排土场地面沉降、滑坡、泥石流及尾矿库地质灾害)和形成条件并提出了防治地质灾害的对策。     

警惕人为地质灾害

《湖南地质》1993年1期发表荣寿泉同志的文章,该文例举出湖南省10例人为地质灾害,即①枝柳铁路线靖县滑坡,②湘黔铁路新晃酒店塘滑坡,③临湘笔架山107国道滑坡,④柘溪水库区圹岩滑坡,⑤石门县九斗峪泥石流,⑥宜章县杨梅山煤矿大塌陷,⑦长沙县麻田磷矿露天采场滑坡,⑧龙山县招市镇储水池滑坡,⑨郴州市抽取地下水诱发塌坑,⑩宜章县瑶岗仙钨矿泥石流。     

硬岩场地生态环境恢复技术探讨——以山东省东平县石灰石露天采场综合治理为例

为了消除露天采石场残山存在的崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害隐患,减轻废弃土石对大气的污染,恢复原有的生态环境,本文以东平县石灰石露天采场综合治理为例,探讨了硬岩场地矿山地质环境恢复治理的综合方法,包括针对边坡进行放坡、对采坑进行推高垫低的工程施工方法,生态恢复物种的选取和培育方法等,为其它类似采石场地质环境的综合治理提供借鉴.     

排土场滑坡与泥石流灾害控制技术与方法

对排土场滑坡破坏模式进行了FLAC3D模拟分析。结合具体工程实例,分析形成潜在滑坡、泥石流灾害的原因。针对排土场灾害,强调以防为主,防治结合的思想。提出以逆序排土工艺及倾斜分层排土工艺进行排土,提高排土场自身稳定;结合坡面疏导排水、底部泄流体等综合技术,对排土场灾害进行防治。对排土场灾害的预防与治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于固相沉积法的大型排土场暴雨泥石流流动特性预测研究——以四川某矿山泥石流为例

泥石流作为矿山常见的地质灾害,已经成为危害人类最重要的地质灾害之一,但目前对大型排土场暴雨泥石流的流动特性和灾害预测研究相比崩塌、滑坡及洪水相对较弱。以四川某矿山排土场暴雨形成的泥石流为例,提出了固相沉积分析法,并对矿山排土场暴雨泥石流流动特性进行预测分析,研究了稀性、低黏度泥石流固相沉积规律,对泥石流密度、流速、固相流量、总流量等进行计算,深入探析了泥石流形成后随沟道变缓等因素衰减演变成山洪的过程。研究成果对泥石流的预测和防治有重要的现实指导作用。     

无为市石涧镇打鼓庙一带矿山地质环境生态修复工程初探

为了消除露天矿山存在的崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害隐患,减轻废弃矿山对环境的污染,恢复原有的生态环境,本文以无为市石涧镇打鼓庙矿山地质环境恢复治理工程为例,探讨了露天矿山地质环境恢复治理的综合方法,包括针对边坡进行削坡、对残丘采坑进行推高垫低、地形地貌整理、覆土复绿等工程施工方法,消除因采矿遗留的地质灾害隐患的同时提高了植被覆盖率和土地利用率,可为其它类似的矿山地质环境综合治理提供参考。     

大苏计钼矿露天矿山地质环境恢复治理措施和方法

以内蒙古卓资县大苏计钼矿为例,在矿山开采现状的基础上,分析露天矿山地质环境的破坏形式及地质灾害类型, 预测生产活动可能对矿山地质环境造成的进一步危害,提出矿山地质环境恢复治理方案。重点描述了防洪堤坝从方案设计到具体施工的全过程,以及露天采场的恢复与治理、排土场治理、尾矿库治理等技术措施。     

高原高山峡谷区矿产资源开发地质环境问题及防治研究——以西藏甲玛、玉龙铜矿为例

西藏甲玛矿区和玉龙矿区是西藏较大的铜矿,开发利用价值极大,但矿产资源的开发利用引发了诸如地质灾害、地形地貌景观破坏、水土污染等地质环境问题。地质灾害的主要类型为滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及地面塌陷,防治措施主要为常规的支挡、坡面防护、排导等;地形地貌景观破坏主要由露天开采、弃渣及尾矿堆放等引起,防治措施主要为采坑平整、草皮移植等;水土污染主要由选矿废水及采矿扬尘等引起,防治措施主要为废水处理、降低扬尘等。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861