锦州及周边区域电离层临界频率特征分析

本文采用电离层反演法得到探测链路中心的电离层临界频率,锦州设接收点,青岛、长春、苏州、新乡和北京为发射点,利用非线性时间序列方法、多维空间重构方法,分析不同地点的电离层临界频率变化规律及锦州地区电离层临界频率空间变化规律,为地震前期电离层异常特征研究提供基础。     

地震电离层探测技术及其应用研究进展

2017年即将发射的中国电磁监测试验卫星将填补地震电离层立体监测体系中不可或缺的空白区域,也将为天地一体化地震电磁对比校验及圈层耦合机理认识提供重要的科学支撑.针对近期地震电离层立体监测体系发展的需求,本文主要介绍了目前国内用于地震研究的地基及空基电离层探测技术,包括电离层垂测/斜测、甚低频(VLF)电波观测、舒曼谐振观测、GPS及空间卫星电磁等,并总结了各种探测技术在国内外地震应用研究中的进展; 最后结合不同探测手段的优势,探讨了地震电磁立体探测系统的构建,并就未来的多手段综合应用发展提出了建议.      

地震期间电离层扰动现象研究

介绍了大量的关于地震电离层扰动现象研究的最新进展,研究表明地震发生前的几天或者几个小时电离层扰动被观测到,电离层前兆是确实存在.但要将震前的电离层扰动作为地震短临预报的工具,还有许多值得我们去深入研究和解决的问题.应用空间技术开展大区域范围内电离层参数的实时观测,如用地震电磁卫星、GPS台网、并和地面电离层垂测仪观测相结合,建立“电离层地震前兆监测系统”,无疑会加速这项研究的进程.     

汶川MS8.0、 海地MW7.0地震 电磁信号小波能谱分析

应用小波变换方法处理了2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前后成都、 江油台地电阻率观测数据及汶川地震、 2010年海地M_W7.0地震前后DEMETER卫星记录的电离层磁场观测数据, 研究了地电阻率和电离层磁场的小波能谱及其相对变化.结果表明: ① 对应汶川大震前成都台N58°E测道地电阻率中期下降变化和短期上升变化的时段, 地电阻率小波能谱相对变化显著增大, 江油台N10°E测道地电阻率在主震前记录到了临震异常, 在临近主震前后, 电离层磁场特别是x分量的能谱及相对变化显著增大, 展现了与汶川大震明显对应的地电阻率、 电离层磁场变化的似同步异常; ② 在海地地震前夕, 电离层磁场x, z分量的能谱也出现了显著增大的现象, 类似于汶川大震前后电离层磁场的能谱增大变化.      

玛尼7．5级地震前磁场与电离层异常特征研究

利用中国地磁台网与电离层台站资料，总结了1997年11月8日玛尼7．5级地震前出现的地磁低点位移、地磁日变异常及电离层，f0F2(F2层临界频率)异常现象。对比研究了玛尼7．5级与2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8．1级地震前磁场与电离层异常分布及特征，研究结果显示:2次巨大地震前磁场与电离层短临时空异常特征有较好的一致性，震中周围出现日变异常、拉萨台出现电离层，f0F2明显异常；震前约1个月出现低点位移，其突变分界线通过震中地区。     

与地震有关的电离层扰动的甚低频/低频无线电探测

近期人们认识到,电离层对地震影响非常敏感,探测与地震有关的电离层扰动看来对地震短临预测是非常有前途的。我们提出可利用甚低频／低频（3～30kHz／30-300kHz）无线电探测进行地震-电离层扰动的探测。1995年神户地震明显发现电离层扰动现象之后,开始了利用低电离层甚低频／低频传播信号进行地震短临预测的简短历史。在说明先前的甚低频／低频结果之后,我们给出了最新的甚低频／低频发现：一个是电离层扰动与地震在统计上相关,第二个是2004年12月苏门答腊地震的实例研究,说明了这次地震电离层扰动的空间尺度和动力学原理。     

文安Ms5.1级地震前锦州地震台的某些前兆异常

本文系统地展示和分析了文安5.1级地震前锦州地震台及其子台沈家台的前兆异常。     

地震电离层响应异常时空演化统计特征

本文利用DEMETER卫星运行约6.5年总离子浓度数据和期间全球发生Mw 4.8以上地震参数,自动检测距震中1500 km范围内、震前15天出现电离层扰动,统计电离层扰动异常随地震临近在时间、空间上的演化特征以及异常变化幅度随震级变化规律.数据处理过程中通过控制K_p指数以去掉部分因太阳活动引起的电离层扰动.统计结果显示,地震探测率及电离层响应异常幅度随震级增大而增高.大地震能引起强电离层扰动,扰动幅度可超过背景值1倍以上.全球范围,电离层存在变化活跃区,小幅度电离层扰动趋向于背景变化.北半球中低纬度地区是有利的地震电离层响应监测区.地震相关电离层扰动异常出现频次随地震临近而增高,主要出现在震前一周.空间上,扰动有随地震临近向震中运移的趋势.     

基于DEMETER卫星观测数据的电离层地震前兆分析——以汶川地震、东海地震为例

本文利用可视化分析和统计分析的数据处理方法,结合2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震和2007年4月20日东海Ms6.3地震两个震例,进行了探索性研究,阐述了基于DEMETER卫星观测数据提取电离层地震前兆信息的思路,通过对电磁场频谱、等离子体数密度、温度等物理参量的可视化展现,探讨了电离层扰动与地震的关系.结果表明,在排除电离层内一些典型干扰的前提下,地震发生前几天或者几个小时电离层扰动可以被观测到.     

地震电磁卫星电离层扰动研究进展综述

本文总结了国内外关于地震电离层扰动现象研究的主要进展, 主要介绍了法国DEMETER卫星及其相关的统计研究和震例研究成果, 总结了目前地震电离层扰动前兆震例研究的一般步骤, 介绍了地震孕育过程中产生的电磁异常信息向电离层传播的可能途径, 包括化学途径、 声学途径和电磁途径。 大量的研究成果表明地震电离层异常的存在, 在地震发生前几个小时至几天或几个月电离层扰动被探测到, 但是地震电离层扰动前兆能否作为地震预报方法, 还有许多需要深入研究的问题。 本文提出了地震电离层研究需要解决的几个重要问题。     

电离层斜测数据集

电离层斜测数据集包括F₂层临界频率数据和最大电子密度空间分布图,来源于中国地震电离层监测试验网观测数据。2008年汶川地震后,中国地震局地震预测研究所和中国电子科技集团第22研究所,在国防科技工业电波环境观测站网原有的稀疏发射站网基础上,根据地震重点监测区带分布和区域数据覆盖能力的双重需要,利用电离层对地基发射信号的反射特性,在华北5个电离层垂测发射站的基础上,建立了20个电离层斜测接收站,形成100条发射—接收链路,达到以经济手段取得电离层加密监测的效果。数据由接收台站接收后,汇聚到北京数据中心,并建立Oracle数据库,将数据入库。通过人工判读,生成可应用的电离层斜测观测数据。此数据集通过数据共享网站提供数据共享服务,可为地震系统内部各省地震局和研究所进行地震监测预测研究以及系统外部科研机构和院校电离层观测研究提供基础数据。     

Ionospheric effects of magnetospheric and thermospheric disturbances on March 17–19, 2015

Using vertical and oblique radio-sounding data, we analyze the ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances during the magnetic storm that occurred in northeastern Russia on March 17–19, 2015. We consider the heliospheric sources that induced the magnetic storm. During the main and early recovery phases, the midlatitude stations are characterized by extremely low values of electron density at the F2 layer maximum. Using oblique sounding data, we recorded signals that propagated outside the great circle arc. In evening and night hours, no radio signals were found to pass along the Norilsk–Irkutsk and Magadan–Irkutsk paths. The observed ionospheric effects are shown to be caused by a sharp shift of the boundaries of the main ionospheric trough to the invariant latitude 46° N during the main phase of the magnetic storm. The negative ionospheric disturbance during the recovery phase of the storm, which was associated with significant variations in the composition of the neutral atmosphere, led to a change in the mode composition of received radio signals and a decline in observed maximal frequencies in daytime hours of March 18, 2015 by more than 2 times.     

A new campaign for oblique-incidence ionospheric sounding over Europe and its data application

New systematic oblique ionospheric radio sounding measurements over Central Europe, concerning the radio links between Inskip (UK, 53.5°N, 2.5°W) and Rome (Italy, 41.8°N, 12.5°E) and between Inskip and Chania (Greece, 35.7°N, 24.0°E), have been performed since November 2003.Different long-term (i.e. monthly median) ionospheric predictions and nowcasting techniques have been applied and compared with the oblique-incidence radio sounding measurements.The MUF (basic maximum usable frequency) measurements observed during the early part of the experiment have been used to compare the performances of different methods. The preliminary analysis has shown good performances for the long-term prediction models, in particular in winter months for ICEPAC (ionospheric communications enhanced profile analysis and circuit) and in equinox/summer months for ASAPS (advanced stand-alone prediction system) and SIRM&LKW (simplified ionospheric regional model & lockwood). The nowcasting methods SIRMUP&LKW (SIRM updating method & lockwood) and ISWIRM (instantaneous space weighted ionospheric regional model) reveal good results for moderate and disturbed geomagnetic conditions when compared with the long-term prediction methods.     

Trapping of sensing radio waves in an artificial large-scale ionospheric cavity

The results of phenomenological analysis of data from oblique chirp sounding of the ionosphere in a 2007 heating experiment with possible recording of the effect of trapping sounding-radiation in an artificial ionospheric cavity and spotlighting it in the near (over the Earth’s surface) zone of the Sura facility are presented. The physical aspects of forming an additional trace on ionograms of oblique radio-sounding of the perturbed region of the ionosphere are discussed.     

SCIPION, a new flexible ionospheric sounder in Senegal

SCIPION is a new state of the art digital sounder that has been developed by France Telecom-CNET for ionospheric monitoring and research. Extensive data processing using DSP technology has resulted in a low power, low cost and full featured system for both vertical and oblique soundings. A SCIPION system is in the process of being installed in Dakar, Senegal, to study HF propagation in the sub-equatorial ionosphere. However, preliminary results have still been obtained during experiments wit a prototype system. In this paper, the system is described and some illustrative examples of its capabilities are shown.     

Usage of regularization techniques for effective electron collision frequency determination from oblique ionospheric sounding

Computer modelling is used to investigate the possibility of determining ionospheric parameters from slightly oblique ionospheric soundings, using absorption data for decametric radio waves of different polarization. It is shown that with mean square measurement errors of 0.5 dB, and using regularization algorithms to solve the inverse problems, electron collision frequency profiles can be obtained for the night F-region with errors of less than 30%. Both temperatures of electrons and neutrals are also determined to within 10%.     

Anomalous phenomena on HF radio paths during geomagnetic disturbances

We analyze ionospheric oblique sounding data on three high-latitude and one high-latitude–midlatitude HF radio paths for February 15 and 16, 2014, when two substorms and one magnetic storm occurred. We investigate cases of anomalous propagation of signals: their reflection from sporadic layer Es, lateral reflections, type “M” or “N” modes, the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances, and the diffusivity of signals and triplets. The most significant results are the following. In geomagnetically undisturbed times, sporadic Es-layers with reduced maximum observed frequencies (MOFEs) on three high-latitude paths were observed in both days. The values of MOFEs during disturbances are large, which leads to the screening of other oblique sounding signals reflected from the ionosphere. On all four paths, the most frequently traveling ionospheric disturbances due to the terminator were observed in quiet hours from 03:00 to 15:00 UT on the first day and from 06:00 to 13:00 UT on the second day of the experiment. In addition, both the sunset terminator and the magnetic storm on the high-latitude–mid-latitude path were found to generate traveling ionospheric disturbances jointly. No such phenomenon was found on high-latitude paths.     

Local adaptation of the IRI model by data of oblique incidence backscatter sounding

In view of the popularity of using empirical models in implementing SW radio communication at long distances and in problems of target detection, it became necessary to adapt these models to the real state of the ionosphere so that these models could be used in operational work. It is proposed to adapt the IRI model by optimizing the values of the global ionospheric index and the number of solar spots, i.e., the parameters used in the model when calculating the height distribution of electron concentration in the ionosphere, with the involvement of oblique incidence backscatter sounding data. The problem regarding the correctness of the adaptation problem was considered under some restrictions. An estimate of the adaptation error has been obtained.     

大气重力波产生的大尺度赤道电离层扰动

本文研究了大气重力波产生的大尺度赤道电离层扰动的性质．当重力波的传播方向与磁场方向倾斜相交时，重力波在Ｆ区产生行进电离层扰动．当重力波垂直于磁场传播时，能触发等离子体Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ不稳定性，形成大尺度赤道扩展Ｆ不均匀体．重力波引起的扩展Ｆ主要出现于晚上，行进电离层扰动则可能出现于任何时间．本文建立了行进电离层扰动和大尺度赤道扩展Ｆ的统一理论模型，深入全面地揭示了电离层扰动的性质．     

Influence of the ionosphere, modified by powerful oblique radiowaves, on HF radio wave propagation

Variations of HF probe radio wave parameters caused by the influence on the ionosphere of oblique powerful HF radiowaves are analysed. The analysis is made on the data obtained from the original experiments carried out on single-hop paths in the middle and subauroral latitudes. Powerful and probe waves with some difference in frequency were chosen near MUF and were transmitted in the same direction. The polar diagrams of both transmitting systems overlapped in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The results obtained indicate that the ionospheric plasma parameters can be varied by powerful oblique HF radiowaves under certain geophysical conditions.