某市地下水的模拟计算与分析

在详细分析研究区地质和水文地质条件的基础上,对研究区的均衡要素、流场及参数分布进行描述。建立水文地质概念模型,采用基于有限元方法的FEFLOW软件建立地下水流数值模拟模型并进行模型的识别和验证,在此基础上建立了地下水溶质运移模型,并对研究区地下水中的污染物运动进行数值模拟研究和分析。模拟结果表明：研究区西北部地区污染严重,原因主要是垃圾填埋场,建议有关部门采取相应的治理措施。     

北京西郊地区大口井人工回灌的模拟研究

在深入分析北京城近郊区地下含水层及其岩性的基础上建立水文地质概念模型,建立了研究区三维地下水流数值模拟模型,对模型进行了识别和检验。重点进行了西郊地区大口井回灌的模拟研究。结果表明,回灌3个月可以导致地下水位上升7m,水位影响范围达7～11km,北京西郊地区是建设地下水库的良好场所。     

城市污水处理厂地下水环境影响评价技术方法

本次以池南区污水处理厂为研究对象,通过分析其水文地质条件,结合建立的水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模型,运用MODFLOW对池南区污水处理厂地下水水流及水质的影响进行模拟预测,从而针对可能产生的不利影响提出保护措施。     

基于GMS的某垃圾填埋场地下水环境影响预测研究

以安徽省向山垃圾填埋场作为研究区,在分析场区水文地质条件的基础上,运用GMS中的MODF-LOW和MT3 D模块建立地下水流概念模型、数值模型及溶质运移数值模型,并根据取样结果确定污染物因子,模拟正常状况和非正常状况下污染物在地下水环境中的污染路径、污染羽迁移状况和污染物对地下水环境可能造成的影响.研究结果表明:评价区...     

淮北市地下水流数值模拟及水文地质参数不确定性分析

淮北市用水主要取自地下水,开采量大,开采布局不合理已引发一系列环境问题。建立可靠的地下水流数值模拟模型,对于定量评价淮北市地下水资源、优化开采布局具有重要的现实意义,而目前针对淮北市进行的地下水数值模拟研究尚不多见。在分析安徽淮北市水文地质条件的基础上,建立了研究区水文地质概念模型和地下水流数学模型。并应用灵敏度分析法及蒙特卡罗法对模拟层的水文地质参数进行不确定性分析。灵敏度分析结果表明,含水层的给水度或单位释水系数及弱透水层的垂向渗透系数对模拟结果的影响最大,获得了各层灵敏度最大的参数分区,可为今后野外勘察试验提供参考。蒙特卡罗法结果直观地反映出各层敏感性分布,进一步证明了确定性模型的合理性。     

石家庄市东部平原FEFLOW地下水数值模拟与研究

根据研究区水文地质条件、开采条件及资料条件,将研究区内水文地质概念模型概化为二维非均质、各向同性、非稳定地下水流系统.利用先进的FEFLOW有限元地下水模拟系统建立了研究区的区域地下水流模型,预测不同开采方案下的地下水动态变化,为地下水资源开发利用和优化配置提供科学依据.     

京能十堰电厂灰场地下水氟化物运移规律研究

通过对研究区的水文地质条件进行分析,建立田畈灰场的水文地质概念模型。选用灰渣溶滤后产生的F~-作为模拟因子,利用地下水模拟软件Visual MODFLOW对研究区地下水中的F~-的运移进行了数值模拟研究,对地下水中的F~-污染的范围和程度进行了预测。结果表明:氟化物在地下水中的运移方向与地下水水流方向基本一致,氟化物浓度随着迁移距离的增大而减小。为灰场地下水环境污染防治提供依据。     

地下水模拟与预测一体化平台构建

本文介绍了基于MIS和GIS的国内外地下水数值模拟模型的发展.以北京市为研究区,在分析研究区自然地理、水文地质和应用需求基础上,提出采用浏览器/服务器(B/S)与客户机/服务器(C/S)体系结构相结合的方式,建设地下水基础信息库,将研究区概化为非均质各向同性三维非稳定地下水流系统;提出采用"稳定+相对静态+动态"的思路,找到信息系统与地下水流模型输入文件之间的数据接口,通过建立MODFLOW程序的输入文件建立水流数值模型,实现将地下水流模型与信息系统集成,探索地下水数值模拟一体化平台建设和应用.     

新郑市浅层地下水流数值模拟及评价

通过分析新郑市水文地质条件,建立了概念模型,运用GMS软件建立三维地下水流的数值模拟模型,对研究区浅层地下水资源进行现状评价,并对2015年和2020年地下水位进行了预测.结果表明,研究区地下水水位持续下降,到2020年水位将会下降5～10 m,部分地区可能会出现开采漏斗,为了降低地下水位的下降幅度,应该调整产业结构,加强水资源的管理,提高水资源的利用率,从而减少地下水资源的开采.     

大区域地下水流数值模拟研究现状及存在问题

在分析大区域地下水流数值模型构建缘起的前提下,系统论述了近年来地下水流数值模拟在大区域地下水资源评价、水文地质参数确定、地面沉降、溶质运移、海水入侵、盐渍化、风险评估、地下水管理及地表水与地下水的联合开发利用等方面的国内外研究应用现状;归纳、总结了目前大区域地下水流数值模型在灵敏度分析、裂隙和岩溶介质中模型建立、基于地下水流数值模拟的溶质运移模型建立、地下水流数值模型构建所需工作量等理论和方法研究及实际建模过程中存在的一些问题;展望了今后大区域地下水流数值拟在研究范围、模拟技术与方法以及与其它模型耦合等方面的发展趋势。      

鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地水文地质概念模型

水文地质概念模型是地下水模拟与水资源评价的基础。为了构建地下水数值模拟模型,以鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地为研究对象,以丰富翔实的勘查资料为依据,从白垩系地下水系统边界条件、水文地质结构、水流系统、水文地质参数、源汇项等方面进行概化,联合采用ArcGIS、RS、GMS同位素、基流分割、地质统计学、随机模拟等技术方法,建立了一组水文地质概念模型及其相应的空间离散表达,并讨论了地下水模拟面临的问题与发展趋势。     

基于水化学和同位素特征的新乡某地下水污染场地水文地质概念模型细化

构建合理的水文地质概念模型对于地下水数值模拟至关重要,概念模型如果确定不合理,整个数值模拟将毫无意义。通常水文地质调查可以大致确定水文地质概念模型,然而对于一些不易被发现的补给源,通过水文地质调查也无法确定。水化学和同位素特征对地下水的补给源及水流路径有很好的指示作用,可以根据这些信息对水文地质概念模型进行细化。文章通过对研究区地下水取样,分析地下水水化学和同位素特征,确定出研究区内不易识别的地下水补给源及顶层黏土-粉质黏土的透水性,最终细化了水文地质概念模型边界条件。这对于后期得到正确的地下水流和溶质运移模拟结果具有重要意义。     

The impact of tunneling construction on the hydrogeological environment of “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project” in Taiwan

Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction. The groundwater modeling software package Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which supports the groundwater numerical codes MODFLOW and FEMWATER, was utilized to determine the impact of tunneling excavation on the hydrogeological environment in a regional area around the tunnel and a local hot springs area, at the “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project”, in Taiwan. A hydrogeological conceptual model was first developed to simplify structures related to the site topography, geology and geological structure. The MODFLOW code was then applied to simulate groundwater flow pattern for the hydrogeological conceptual model in the tunnel area. The automated parameter estimation method was applied to calibrate groundwater level fluctuation and hydrogeological parameters in the region. Calibration of the model demonstrated that errors between simulated and monitored results are smaller than allowable errors. The study also observed that tunneling excavation caused groundwater to flow toward the tunnel. No obvious changes in the groundwater flow field due to tunnel construction were observed far away in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the FEMWATER code for solving 3-D groundwater flow problems, in which hydrogeological characteristics are integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), is applied to evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on an adjacent hot spring. Simulation results indicated that the groundwater drawdown rate is less than the groundwater recharge rate, and the change to the groundwater table after tunnel construction was insignificant for the hot spring area. Finally, the groundwater flow obtained via the GMS indicated that the hydrogeological conceptual model can estimate the possible quantity of tunnel inflow and the impact of tunnel construction on the regional and local groundwater resources regime of the transbasin diversion project.     

Groundwater modeling of the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA

This study examines the groundwater characteristics in the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA, using a numerical model. Groundwater modeling is developed to describe the flow pattern in the study area and subsequently explores the possible interaction with regional porphyry copper deposits. A conceptual model is developed for the study area and regional hydrogeological conditions are simulated using the finite-difference groundwater flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The model results show that groundwater flow in the Silver Bell Mountains is strongly influenced by topography and its velocity varies with depth. In addition, the numerical model supports the idea of a continuous sustained interaction between groundwater flow and porphyry copper deposits in the Silver Bell Mountains. This interaction may result in continuing leaching of trace elements from the ore deposit, an important implication for continuing supergene alteration and enrichment of the porphyry copper deposit.     

Development and parameterisation of a complex hydrogeological model based on high-resolution direct-push data

Ongoing developments in geological and hydrogeological investigation techniques, especially direct-push methods, have led to an increase in the quality, density and spatial resolution of data available from such investigations. This has created new challenges in the development of numerical models in terms of accurately and efficiently translating detailed and complex conceptual models into effective numerical models. Suitable geometrical and numerical modelling tools are essential in order to meet these challenges. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional hydrogeological flow model for a contaminated site near Berlin, Germany, based on high-resolution geological data obtained principally using direct-push methods. The available data were first interpreted to construct a detailed GIS-based geological model, which formed the basis of the conceptual site model. The conceptual model was then translated into a geometrical model, which was used to create a finite element numerical model. An innovative geometry object-based approach enabled the complex structural details of the conceptual model to be accurately reproduced in the numerical model domain. The resulting three-dimensional steady-state unconfined flow model was successfully calibrated using external automated calibration software, whereby parameter values for groundwater recharge and hydraulic conductivity were determined.     

水文地质概念模型的水动力场研究方法——"流场分析法"

水文地质概念模型建立的正确与否是地下水资源评价计算的关键,水文地质概念模型的水动力场研究方法——“流场分析法”是以地下水动力学和水均衡原理为基础,通过对水头函数的时空分布特征分析,判断出地下水系统的结构和功能,据此,科学概化出地下水系统的水文地质概念模型,为地下水资源的正确评价计算奠定基础。     

基于FEFLOW的岩溶管道模型构建方法探讨

岩溶管道流模型的刻画一直是岩溶区开展地下水数值模拟研究中的难点所在,基于此,文章以贵州六枝特区某项目为例进行地下水数值模拟研究,探索了在FEFLOW离散特性功能模块下岩溶管道流模型的刻画方式与方法。在详细分析研究区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对研究区范围、边界、含水层结构等概化,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型;以ArcGIS软件为辅助,基于有限元法的FEFLOW软件为操作平台,利用区内钻孔资料及野外测算结果,通过软件公式编辑、插值等功能分别获得各层顶底板高程属性,将数据输入FEFLOW后,对模拟区平面三角剖分进而空间离散构建了研究区的三维地质模型;并利用FEFLOW软件的离散特性功能模块,将研究区灰场南部岩溶洼地与岩脚泉间划定为特定区域,建立缓冲区并给予其高特异性,耦合哈根-泊肃叶流体流动公式,在模型中刻画了岩溶管道流模型;最后探讨了特殊地质构造与岩溶管道模型的刻画方式与方法刻画出了符合案例区的三维向斜褶皱地质模型和岩溶管道流模型。      

Effects of different boundary conditions on the simulation of groundwater flow in a multi-layered coastal aquifer system (Taranto Gulf,southern Italy)

The evaluation of the accuracy or reasonableness of numerical models of groundwater flow is a complex task, due to the uncertainties in hydrodynamic properties and boundary conditions and the scarcity of good-quality field data. To assess model reliability, different calibration techniques are joined to evaluate the effects of different kinds of boundary conditions on the groundwater flow in a coastal multi-layered aquifer in southern Italy. In particular, both direct and indirect approaches for inverse modeling were joined through the calibration of one of the most uncertain parameters, namely the hydraulic conductivity of the karst deep hydrostratigraphic unit. The methodology proposed here, and applied to a real case study, confirmed that the selection of boundary conditions is among the most critical and difficult aspects of the characterization of a groundwater system for conceptual analysis or numerical simulation. The practical tests conducted in this study show that incorrect specification of boundary conditions prevents an acceptable match between the model response to the hydraulic stresses and the behavior of the natural system. Such effects have a negative impact on the applicability of numerical modeling to simulate groundwater dynamics in complex hydrogeological situations. This is particularly important for management of the aquifer system investigated in this work, which represents the only available freshwater resource of the study area, and is threatened by overexploitation and saltwater intrusion.     

第二松花江干流傍河开采潜力评价

在第二松花江傍河开采适宜性评价的基础上,根据研究区的地质和水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型,建立了基于Visual MODFlow的地下水流数值模型;以地下水水位降深不大于含水砂层厚度的1/3为准则,通过使预测流场与允许降深条件下的流场尽量接近,给出了第二松花江干流傍河开采条件下的地下水允许开采量。结果表明:现状年条件下区域地下水资源开采强度较小,而傍河开采条件下各适宜区地下水开采潜力巨大,在多年平均降水保证率条件下,地下水允许开采量可达140×104 m3/d;适度规模傍河开采可引起地表水与地下水转化关系的变化,但不会对河流生态功能产生不利影响。