大同—阳高地震前后重力变化分析

汇总了１９８９年１０月１８日大同—阳高６．１级地震前４个单位所观测到的重力异常变化资料，在叙述重力异常的基础上，讨论分析了此次地震的重力前兆特征。并结合形变资料、地震构造资料讨论了重力场的变化，得出这些变化可能与地震构造活动有关的结论。     

粤闽交界地区地震形变前兆研究

采用形变速率，静压订正及固体潮渭和分析等方法从多种形主资料提取粤闽交界地区地震形变的中期前兆信息，并据此研究了形变异常的特征。最后，从形变机理，异常信息合成及信息可信度评估等方面讨论了该区地震形变前兆的可信度，认为该区震前形变速率及地壳特性等反常变化可视作地震形变的中期前兆，震兆异常具有准同步群体性，发展阶段性和空间分布密集性等异常时空分布特征，震兆可信度达０．５以上。     

点源位错引起的重力、位势及其梯度变化

本文研究了点源位错引起的重力、位势及其梯度变化，完整地从理论上推证点源位错引起的位势和重力变化；对点源的处理数学简单、物理意义明确，避免了对积分的奇异性估计，使该问题理论上更趋完善．同时，分析了各型位错下空间重力及其梯度变化、地面上的重力变化、重力垂直位移梯度和视重力垂直位移梯度的特征．分析表明:① 点源位错引起的空间重力及其梯度变化随垂直位置变化很小；② 点源位错引起的重力变化比梯度变化大的多，重力梯度变化是不显著的；③ 质量再分布引起的重力变化可达总重力变化的一半左右，且走滑、倾滑垂直位错引起的总重力变化与垂直位移形变场成正负反像分布；④ 重力垂直位移梯度不是常数，对于各型位错具有不同的分布特征；⑤ 点源位错引起的重力垂直位移梯度和视重力垂直位移梯度近似相等．      

张北6.2级地震地形变前兆演化特征

分析了张北6.2级地震前后华北地区水准、GPS、重力、定点形变、流动形变、地应变观测资料及前兆的演化过程。结果表明,深大构造对背景场起着控制及传递的作用;震中区位于经历了剧烈地壳运动后近年处于相对平静的地区;背景场与前兆异常动态过程的密切配合,是作出正确震情判定的关键;前兆异常在震后的新发展,在震后趋势预测中有重要作用。     

强震前的重力变化特征

地震前,地壳变形引起地球密度重新分布,从而使地球重力场发生某些特征变化。本文对1990年7月菲律宾8级、台湾6.1级两个强震前后的广州重力资料进行了调和分析及高、低频滤波等处理,并对提取出的重力前兆进行了可信度检验。结果表明强震前广州地区的重力变化具有O_1等主波潮汐因子波形畸变,量值下降至最低值然后在回升阶段发震的前兆异常特征。非潮汐重力变化在临震前3天开始出现明显的高频脉冲式异常信息,作者认为这是一种可信的具有清晰物理意义的地震短临前兆。     

唐山地震前兆的时空演化及中短期标志

本对唐山地震前形变场、应力应变场、重磁电变化场、地下流体变化场的空间分布及时间演化进行了系统分析,探讨了前兆空间分布与构造环境的内在关系、各类前兆出现顺序与孕震环境的内在关系,以及各类前兆的相关性;在综合大量前兆时间演化特征的基础上提出了唐山地震中短临过渡指标,为研究有关地震前兆图象分布规律及提取前兆判据提供了一定依据。     

丽江7.0级地震重力前兆模式研究<

为了研究1996年丽江MＳ7.0地震前地震孕育过程或前兆表现，利用滇西地震实验场内高精度重复重力观测数据，结合地质调查和地球物理推断结果，并考虑到观测数据和模型粗差， 采用稳健或抗差-贝叶斯最小二乘算法和多断层位错模型，首次初步反演获得了研究区主要活动断裂滑动的时间变化分布．结果表明，1990～1997年断层运动的时间变化，较好地反映了1996年丽江MＳ7.0地震孕育过程．其主要前兆模式图象具有主震余震型特征，遵循地壳内部密度和地壳形变耦合运动模式（简称DD耦合运动模式）．      

胜利油田油井动态异常与地震的关系研究

清理了多年来胜利油田油井动态地震前兆监测网的观测资料，分析研究了油井动态地震前兆异常的机理和映震规律。油井地震前兆在异常时间和空间分布上具有与地下水异常相似的特征，时间上以短临和临震异常为主，空间分布上以井震距在200-300km的油井为主，在异常幅度和强度上，油井具有异常变化幅度大、强度高和多为正异常的特征。     

地壳介质微形变异常与强震短临前兆

什么是形变观测中可靠的地震前兆 ?虽然目前有很多不同的认识 ,但都还是认为应从地球力学和形变应变的变化信息中获取地震前兆 ,形变观测的地震前兆应是由于地震孕育到破裂过程中地壳介质产生形变应变等力学变化的信息 .当然 ,地震前兆存在场兆和源兆之分 ,如构造块体活动产生的区域应力场变化 .场兆与地震的发生是一种间接关系 ,是大范围内的异常现象 ,而源兆则主要是震源区及近源区出现的效应 .显然 ,源兆的捕捉对地震的预报是极为有利的 .微形变观测主要包括倾斜、应变和重力观测 .与 GPS、大地形变测量和流动形变测量相比 ,微形变(倾…     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后青藏块体东北缘地下流体前兆特征

分析了昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后青藏块体东北缘地区地下流体前兆资料，研究了水化学、水物理前兆所表现的异常特征。认为在8．1级地震前，流体前兆的响应范围大，异常持续时间长，异常的同步性好；8．1级地震后，流体前兆出现大幅度调整，伴随着这一地区的一系列中强以上地震的连发，表明了青藏块体整体活动水平在逐步增强。通过对比青藏块体东北缘地区跨断层形变测量、重力和地磁等观测结果，对这种类型异常产生的物理机制进行了初步讨论。     

邢台流动重力测网前兆异常变化特征研究

应用重力变化平面图和各点时序变化曲线．结合网区及周边地区震例,对邢台网重力场震前异常特征进行了研究。结果显示．网区重力场存在整体单调上升变化背景;重力场变化同周边地震活动水平明显相关;震前伴有网区重力场变化加速或转折过程,平面图出现大面积高值异常区。     

Comparative study of temporal variations in the earth’s gravity field using GRACE gravity models in the regions of three recent giant earthquakes

Comparative analysis of coseismic and postseismic variations of the Earth’s gravity field is carried for the regions of three giant earthquakes (Andaman-Sumatra, December 26, 2004, magnitude M _w = 9.1; Maule-Chile, February 27, 2010, M _w = 8.8, and Tohoku-Oki, March 11, 2011, M _w = 9.0) with the use of GRACE satellite data. Within the resolution of GRACE models, the coseismic changes of gravity caused by these seismic events manifest themselves by large negative anomalies located in the rear of the subduction zone. The real data are compared with the synthetic anomalies calculated from the rupture surface models based on different kinds of ground measurements. It is shown that the difference between the gravity anomalies corresponding to different rupture surface models exceeds the uncertainties of the GRACE data. There-fore, the coseismic gravity anomalies are at least suitable for rejecting part of the models that are equivalent in the ground data. Within the first few months after the Andaman-Sumatra earthquake, a positive gravity anomaly started to grow above the deep trench. This anomaly rapidly captured the area of the back-arc basin and largely compensated the negative coseismic anomaly. The processes of viscoelastic stress relaxation do not fully allow for these rapid changes of gravity. According to the calculations, even with a sufficiently low viscosity of the upper mantle, relaxation only covers about a half of the observed change of the field. In order to explain the remaining temporal variations, we suggested the process of downdip propagation of the coseismic rupture surface. The feasibility of such a process was supported by numerical simulations. The sum of the gravity anomalies caused by this process and the anomaly generated by the processes of viscoelastic relaxation accounts well for the observed changes of the gravity field in the region of the earthquake. The similar postseismic changes of gravity were also detected for the region of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Just as in the case discussed above, this earthquake was also followed by a rapid growth of a positive postseismic anomaly, which partially counterbalanced the negative coseismic anomaly. The time variations of the gravity field in the region of the Maule-Chile earthquake differ from the pattern of changes observed in the island arcs described above. The postseismic gravity variations are in this case concentrated in a narrower band above the deep trench and shelf, and they do not spread over the continental territory, where the negative coseismic anomaly is located. These discrepancies reflect the difference in the geodynamical settings of the studied earthquakes.     

郫县重力异常与四川近年地震关系的震例分析

本文介绍了容量限制分配方法的概念、交通量与车速的特点、容量限制分配方法的具体应用步骤和分配次数对分配结果的影响等。     

GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE IN CANGWU IN 2016

Based on the mobile gravity observation data in 2014-2016 in Guangxi and its adjacent areas, this paper systematically analyzed the changes of regional gravity field and its relation to the M_S5.4 Cangwu, Guangxi earthquake on July 31, 2016, and combined with GPS observation data and seismic geological survey results, discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the changes of regional gravity field and its mechanism. The results show that:(1) Before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake, the gravity anomaly changes near the earthquake area were closely related to the major faults in space, which reflects the crustal deformation and tectonic activities that caused the surface gravity change along the seismogenic fault in the period of 2014-2016; (2) The gravity changes near the epicenter before and after the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake showed an evolution process in which the positive gravity anomaly zone changed to the negative gravity anomaly zone, a gravity gradient belt appeared along NNE direction and the earthquake occurred in its reverse change process; (3) The epicenter of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake located both near the gravity gradient belt and in the zero transition zone of the surface strain gradient and the edge of the high maximum shear strain rate area, the observational fact further proved that the dynamic image of gravitational field and deformation field have important instruction significance to the location prediction of strong earthquakes; (4) in recent years, the gravity dynamic change in northwestern Guangxi presented a four-quadrant distribution pattern, and there is the risk of generating earthquake of magnitude about 5 in the center of the quadrants.     

华北地区重力场变化特征研究

通过对1992~2008年间各期观测资料进行全时空扫描,分析华北地区网区重力场的演化特征,总结震前异常的形态、持续时间和变化幅度,指出重力场空间变化易于发生地震的部位,并对一些问题进行讨论。结果显示:华北地区重力场总体变化不具明确规律性;大量测点存在明显的背景性趋势性异常变化;重力场变化与网区及周边地区中强地震的活动联系密切,较明显的重力场异常反应多发生在震前2年左右时间,且常伴有大面积高值异常区出现。重力变化"0"线、高梯度带、异常中心(含极值)附近是重力场空间变化易于发震的部位。     

2013年四川芦山Ms7.0地震前的重力变化

利用川西地区2010-2012年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场变化及其与2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震发生的关系.结果主要表明:①区域重力场异常变化与北东向龙门山断裂带南段和北北西向马尔康断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿该两断裂带(段)在2010-2012年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.②芦山7.0级地震前,测区内出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,而震源区附近产生了局部重力异常,沿龙门山断裂带南段形成了重力变化高梯度带,其中,宝兴、天全、康定、泸定、石棉一带重力差异变化达100×10^-8m·s^-2以上;这些可能反映芦山地震前,区域及震源区附近均产生与该地震孕育、发生有关的构造运动或应力增强作用.③重力场差分动态演化图像和重力场累积变化动态图像均反映芦山7.0级地震孕育过程的最后2~3年出现较显著的流动重力异常变化,可视为该地震的中期前兆信息;本文第一作者等也曾基于该流动重力异常变化在芦山7.0级地震前做过一定程度的中期预测,尤其是地点预测.本文的例子再次证明流动重力观测能较好地捕捉到强震孕育发生过程中,特别是该过程最后阶段的重力异常变化信息.因此,区域流动重力场观测对未来强震的中-长期预测,尤其是在发震地点的判定上具有优势.     

Expulsion of geopressured hydrothermal system along active faults and its relation to the occurrence of earthquakes in the Shinanogawa seismic belt,Japan

The 1995 Northern Niigata Earthquake (M 6.0) occurred at a shallow depth in the Niigata seismic gap. The anomaly areas in temperature, electrical conductivity and Cl- concentration of groundwater trend northeast as linear distribution in the epicentral area and are approximately coincident with the area of the seismic intensity 6 (JMA scale). The distributions of seismic intensity 6 and groundwater anomalies convincingly imaged the presence of a buried active fault beneath the epicentral area. The occurrence of this earthquake and the anomalies of groundwater were related to the expulsion of geopressured hydrothermal system (GHS). All epicenters of the destructive earthquakes along the Shinanogawa seismic belt are actually located in the buried active fault zones characterized by the areas of temperature and geochemical anomalies of groundwater. These earthquakes might have been triggered by the activity of GHS. The expulsion of GHS along an active fault in combination with the thermal softening of fault     

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-SCALE GRAVITY FIELD VARIATION AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

As the most basic geophysical field, the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention, and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016, the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multi-scale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement, material density change, and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation, dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics, suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April 2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle, which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained, based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism.     

2016年青海门源MS6.4地震前重力变化

利用青藏高原东北缘2011-2015年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场变化及其与2016年1月21日青海门源M_S6.4地震发生的关系,结合GNSS、水准观测成果和区域地质构造动力环境,进一步研究了区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及其机理.结果表明：（1）测区内重力场异常变化与祁连山断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿祁连山断裂带（段）在2011-2015年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.（2）门源M_S6.4地震前,测区内先出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,到临近发震前显示出相对闭锁的现象,且围绕震中区周围出现四象限分布特征的局部重力变化,地震发生在重力反向变化过程中,并出现显著的四象限分布特征的重力异常变化,其中,青海门源与甘肃天祝一带重力差异变化达100×10^-8m·s^-2以上.（3）区域重力场动态演化大体反映了青藏高原东北缘物质北东流的动态效应,门源震中附近区域地壳受挤压变形显著、面压缩率和重力剧烈变化的特征最为显著.（4）重力场的空间分布及其随时间变化与地壳垂直与水平运动及地质构造活动等观测结果有一定的对应关系,强震易发生在重力变化四象限分布中心地带或正、负异常区过渡的高梯度带上.     

云南省定点重力异常短临指标体系研究

本对云南内昆明,弥渡,下关等重力台站的重力固体潮观测资料进行了系统的研究。阐述了重力异常的提取判据,统计下重力异常与５级以上地震的历史对应情况,总结了重力异常变化特征,给出了重力异常短临指标体系,从而为今后的地震预报在重力学科提供了一些异常指标的定量依据。