西藏青草山斑岩铜金矿含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素地球化学及地质意义

西藏青草山斑岩铜金矿是班公湖-怒江缝合带北侧、羌塘地块南缘新发现的具有超大型远景的斑岩型铜金矿床。本文首次对青草山含矿花岗岩闪长斑岩的锆石进行了 LA-ICPMS U-Pb年代学和微量元素地球化学研究,通过对含矿斑岩中锆石的13个点的U-Pb定年,得出锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为114.60±1.20Ma (MSWD=1.07),此年龄与同样分布于该带上的多不杂斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩成岩年龄、波龙斑岩铜矿成矿年龄基本一致。应用锆石Ti温度计,计算出含矿斑岩中绝大部分锆石的结晶温度小于700℃,如此低的结晶温度指示含矿斑岩岩浆来源于水近饱和条件下发生的部分熔融。通过对锆石微量元素的详细研究,得出青草山含矿斑岩形成于活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧环境,这与前人研究得出的多不杂斑岩铜矿的形成构造背景一致。相近的成岩成矿年龄和一致的形成构造背景揭示以多不杂、青草山、波龙斑岩铜(金)矿床为主要组成的班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带的客观存在。依据青草山斑岩铜金矿和多不杂斑岩铜矿的含矿斑岩和同期火山岩的地球化学特征,并结合已有弧环境斑岩铜矿的经典成矿模型,本文提出班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带形成的动力学机制,即在早白垩世,班公湖-怒江洋壳向北俯冲,大洋板片向下俯冲到一定深度时,发生大规模脱水作用,释放的流体交代上覆地幔楔,诱发其部分熔融,产生的富含成矿物质的岩浆向上运移,在浅部地壳发育成与成矿相关的岩浆房,部分岩浆上升直接喷出地表,形成下白垩统美日切错组火山岩,部分浅成-超浅成侵位成斑岩体及斑岩型矿床,随着岩浆的多点多期次侵位,最终形成班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带。     

西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带研究进展及一些新认识

狭义的班公湖—怒江成矿带的范围与班公湖—怒江洋盆残留的蛇绿混杂岩带一致,包括与超基性岩浆熔离作用相关的Cr,Fe,Ni等矿床;广义的班公湖—怒江成矿带包括缝合线南北两侧与班公湖—怒江洋俯冲、碰撞、碰撞后及陆内伸展作用有关的所有矿床和岩浆岩,其范围包括南羌塘地体南缘、班公湖—怒江缝合带、北—中拉萨地块的大部分区域,发育的矿床类型有斑岩型铜(金)矿、矽卡岩型铁(铜)矿、热液—蚀变岩型金矿和热液型钨矿等,涉及的动力学背景包括活动大陆边缘到板内的各个阶段。在2期重要的斑岩铜(金)成矿作用中,120~105 Ma BP矿床的形成与拉萨地体和南羌塘地体碰撞过程中深部俯冲洋壳物质的重熔有关,90~85 Ma BP矿床始于碰撞后阶段岩石圈地幔的底侵作用。一些关键的基础性科学问题,诸如大地构造背景(成矿环境)、岩浆作用特征、典型矿床成矿机制、矿床的保存与高原隆升之间的关系等,需要在今后的研究工作中予以关注。     

西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿床岩浆作用与成矿:以改则县东窝东铜多金属矿床为例

西藏改则县东窝东铜多金属矿床位于西藏多龙矿集区东部,是近年来班公湖—怒江成矿带上新发现的铜多金属矿。对区内花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学测试显示,成岩年龄为(121.0±1.2)Ma和(121.5±1.0)Ma,与多龙矿集区内成岩成矿年龄相近。研究区含矿斑岩显示了富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土和高场强元素,中等Eu负异常,高铝、低镁、低钛,高Sr、低Y及Yb的岛弧岩浆岩特征,暗示矿区含矿岩浆与多龙矿集区含矿岩浆具备相同的岩浆源区。矿区含矿斑岩的锆饱和温度介于779.6~844.5℃,地球化学数据显示高Sr低Nd及低εNd(t)值特征;含矿斑岩εHf(t)为+3.4~+11.1,两阶段模式年龄T2DMC为467~963 Ma;表明其与多龙矿区含矿斑岩具备相似的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征,暗示了矿区含矿斑岩是班公湖—怒江特提斯洋洋壳向北俯冲消减背景下,由玄武质新生下地壳在较高温度条件下部分熔融形成的产物,指示班公湖—怒江洋盆于早白垩世晚期尚未关闭。野外地质调查发现,矿区发育典型斑岩铜矿蚀变分带;具备与多龙矿集区的岩石组成、矿化及蚀变、成岩成矿时代、构造环境和物质来源相类似的特征,且空间位置相近,暗示两者受控于统一的构造-岩浆成矿系统。综合分析认为,东窝东地区为多龙矿集区东延部分,具有寻找斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿床隐伏矿体的良好潜力。     

西藏铁格隆南超大型铜(金、银)矿含矿斑岩岩石成因及其对多龙地区早白垩世成矿动力学机制的启示

铁格隆南是西藏多龙矿集区新发现的超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金、银)矿床。作为班公湖-怒江成矿带西段早白垩世重大成矿事件的典型代表,铁格隆南矿床以及整个多龙矿集区的含矿斑岩岩石成因及成矿动力学机制仍存在明显争议。本文以铁格隆南矿床为核心,基于详细的矿床地质特征和岩石学特征,利用锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年代学厘定花岗闪长斑岩侵位时代为121. 2±2. 4Ma,与区域早白垩世含矿斑岩岩浆侵位时间一致。同时,详细的岩石地球化学分析表明,铁格隆南矿床及多龙矿集区,含矿斑岩以花岗闪长斑岩为主,含少量闪长玢岩和花岗斑岩,属于高钾-钙碱性或钾玄岩系列,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、U),亏损重稀土及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),具典型的弧岩浆特征。此外,其岩石地球化学特征及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成揭示,含矿斑岩的岩浆源区可能与俯冲板片流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融有关。最后,详细的岩石学"探针"及区域岩浆活动特征表明,多龙矿集区白垩世重大成矿作用动力学机制与班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲板片的折返(130～110Ma)有关。     

班公湖-怒江成矿带斑岩铜矿找矿新进展

<正>班公湖-怒江成矿带主要分布在班公湖-怒江缝合带北侧,羌塘地块的南缘,已经成为继玉龙、冈底斯之后的西藏第三条斑岩铜矿带。在班公湖-怒江成矿带西部多龙矿集区已发现多不杂铜矿、拿若铜矿、波龙铜矿等矿床。近年来在班公湖-怒江成缝合带中部,新发现雄梅斑岩铜矿。确定雄梅斑岩铜矿与多龙矿集区斑岩铜矿属于同一成矿时期,在班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带空白区,会有更多的斑岩铜矿被发现。在地堡那木岗外围有望发现新的斑岩铜矿体;     

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床勘查模型

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床是近年来由西藏地质五队在班公湖-怒江成矿带发现的一个具超大型规模的铜金矿床,系继玉龙、驱龙、雄村、甲玛等超大型铜矿床之后的又一重大找矿突破,也是班公湖-怒江成矿带的第一个超大型斑岩铜金矿。多不杂斑岩型铜金矿产于早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩及其与早侏罗世曲色组变长石石英砂岩的接触带,区域成矿地质背景得天独厚,岩浆活动频繁,为斑岩型铜金矿的成矿提供了有利的条件。该矿床具有典型的斑岩型铜矿的蚀变分带,在斑岩体及其围岩由内向外形成钾硅化带、粘土化带、青磐岩化带、角岩化带。地球物理勘查表明,含矿斑岩区为低视电阻率、高视极化率异常区;1:1万土壤测量显示,斑岩铜矿产于高背景区,并与强度高、浓集中心明显的Cu、Au、Ag、Mo元素的化探综合异常相对应,在空间上尤其与Cu、Au异常分布高度吻合。1:5万水系沉积物测量表明,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn元素高异常常与激电探测异常吻合。本文通过综合研究初步总结建立了适合本区地质-地球物理-地球化学综合勘查模型。通过勘查和初步评价,在矿区外围新发现了波龙、拿顿、拿若、赛角、尕尔勤、铁格龙、地堡那木岗等斑岩矿(床)点,并最终形成多龙斑岩型铜金矿集区,对该区域找矿起到指导作用。     

西藏多龙矿集区地堡Cu(Au)矿床含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

西藏多龙矿集区地堡铜(金)矿位于班公湖—怒江缝合带北侧,羌塘地块南缘,是多龙矿集区中具有较好找矿前景的斑岩—浅成低温热液矿床。本文首次对地堡含矿斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、微量元素和Hf同位素分析。含矿斑岩23个锆石点测试,获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均值年龄为122.0±2.5Ma(MSWD=0.34),与多龙矿集区成矿岩浆活动时限一致,是多龙矿集区的重要组成部分。锆石微量元素特征揭示地堡含矿斑岩中锆石为岩浆锆石,锆石Ti温度计计算出其结晶温度为663~850℃,平均为765℃,其岩浆源区可能经历了水饱和条件下的部分熔融作用。Hf同位素分析结果表明,地堡含矿斑岩锆石n(~(176)Hf)/n(~(177)Hf)值相对较高,为0.282726~0.283054,ε_(Hf)(t)为1.1~12.6,均为正值,其物质来源有幔源组分的加入,可能为壳幔混源的新生下地壳。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙矿集区晚三叠世—侏罗纪增生杂岩结构及其对成矿地质背景的约束

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙斑岩铜金矿集区出露的晚三叠世—体罗纪增生杂岩属总体无序、局部有序的非史密斯地层,由基质和块体2个部分组成.基质为晚三叠世—侏罗纪砂泥质复理石建造,块体由大小不等的玄武岩、安山玄武岩、灰岩、砂岩、硅质岩、辉长岩、超基性岩等组成.增生杂岩系变形强烈,发育强烈的构造置换作用,块体与基质之间由透入性挤压面理、剪切面理或韧性剪切断层分隔,为典型造山带大陆增生边缘的增生杂岩.多龙斑岩铜矿的含矿斑岩体侵位于侏罗纪增生杂岩系或以侏罗纪增生杂岩系为基底的岛弧型火山岩系中,属增生楔基础上发育的具有超大型潜力的岛弧型斑岩铜金矿床,其外围的拿若、色拉、拿顿、地保那木岗、鹫山、铁格龙和尕尔勤等系列铜金铅锌矿床点,在空间上均赋存于早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩体内部及其与侏罗纪增生杂岩系的内外接触带中,受矿集区北东向走滑断裂的控制,呈北东向成群展布,二者具有相似的成矿环境与成矿条件,其深部可能存在统一的斑岩型铜金铅锌矿床,属于统一的斑岩浅成低温热液成矿系统.班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙矿集区晚三叠世—侏罗纪增生杂岩的识别,为正确认识多龙超大型斑岩铜金矿床的成矿地质背景和缝合带的演化提供了新的线索.     

西藏改则县多龙矿集区发现岩墙岭蛇绿岩残片

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多龙矿集区是青藏高原新近发现的具有超大型远景的、典型的富金斑岩型铜矿集区,其成岩成矿地质背景是解决班公湖-怒江洋构造演化的关键问题之一。近年来的区域地质调查研究发现,多龙矿集区南侧出露岩墙岭蛇绿岩残片,应该是班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带的重要组成部分。岩墙岭蛇绿岩主要由席状岩墙群、枕状玄武岩和硅质岩组成,整体呈棱形或透镜体状断续分布于侏罗系复理石沉积内,构成典型的网结状构造。糜棱岩普遍发育在岩墙岭蛇绿岩和围岩的接触部位。综合前人研究成果,初步认为多龙矿集区早白垩世成岩成矿作用应该形成于增生楔之上伸展拉张的构造环境。岩墙岭蛇绿岩的发现和确定进一步约束了多龙矿集区成岩成矿地质背景,同时为班公湖-怒江缝合带的延伸及其构造演化的研究提供了新的线索。     

西藏多龙矿集区尕尔勤岩石地球化学特征及构造环境

<正>多龙矿集区位于西藏自治区西北部的改则县境内,地处羌塘-三江复合板片南缘,班怒缝合带北侧,跨班公湖-怒江成矿带西段。近年班公湖-怒江成矿带西段的资源评价工作取得了突出的进展,相继发现多不杂、波龙超大型斑岩铜金矿床和外围的拿若铜金矿、荣那铜金矿、拿顿铜金矿、色拉铜金矿、地保那木岗铜矿、铁格龙金矿、尕尔勤铜金矿等矿床点,揭示出班公湖-怒江成矿带西段成矿条件优越和巨大的找矿     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。