A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite,Central Sichuan Basin,SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ¹⁸O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.     

Hydrothermal Dolomite in the Upper Sinian (Upper Proterozoic) Dengying Formation,East Sichuan Basin,China

Hydrothermal Dolomite （HTD） is present in the Upper Sinian （Upper Proterozoic） Dengying Formation, east Sichuan Basin, China. The strata are comprised by primary dolomite. The HTD has various textures, including zebra dolomite, subhorizontal sheet-like cavities filled by saddle dolomite and breccias cemented by saddle dolomites as well occur as a fill of veins and fractures. Also co-occur MVT type lead-zinc ores in the study area. The δ13C and δ18O isotopes of HTD in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation are lighter than those of the host rocks, while STSr/86Sr is higher. The apparent difference in carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, especially the large difference in S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes ratio indicate crystallization from hot basinal and/or hydrothermal fluids. Saddle dolomite was precipitated at temperatures of 270-320℃. The diagenetic parasequences of mineral assemblage deposited in the Dengying Formation are： （1） dolomite host rock →sphalerite-galena-barite-fluorite; （2） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →quartz; （3） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite→bitumen; （4） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →barite. The mean chemical composition of the host dolomite matrix and HTD didn＇t change much during hydrothermal process. The fluids forming the HTDs in the Dengying Formation were mixtures of freshwater from the unconformity at the top of Sinian, fluids from diagenetic compaction and hydrocarbon generation ＆ expulsion from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones or the Doushantuo Formation silty mudstones, and hydrothermal fluids from the basement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with the HTD were mostly controlled by the basement faults and fractures and karsting processes at the unconformity separating Sinian and Cambrian strata. The hydrocarbon storage spaces of HTD included dissolved cavities and intercrystalline pores. Dissolution cavities are extensive at the top of Dengying Formation, up to about 46m below the unconformity between Sinian an     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因

基于岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析,结合区域地质背景,系统研究了四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因。岩石学特征分析发现,灯影组白云岩可分为泥粉晶云岩、粒屑云岩、微生物云岩、岩溶角砾云岩4类,其结构类型一般为泥晶—粉晶,说明白云岩化时间较早,为准同生期。地球化学分析表明,灯影组白云岩δ^13C平均值与震旦纪原始海水较为接近,δ^18O值呈现中—高负偏的特征,有序度和Fe、Mn含量相对偏低,Na含量相对较高,稀土元素配分模式则与海水配分曲线类似,表明白云岩化主要受到海源流体的影响。盆地周缘的古陆和水下隆起使盆内海水极易封隔浓缩,盆内发育的富Ca^2+菌藻类可间接提高海水的Mg^2+/Ca^2+比值,加之灯影期干旱炎热的古气候让盆内蒸发作用强烈,可伴生石膏等蒸发性矿物,促进白云石化。综合上述特征,四川盆地灯影组白云岩成因为微生物参与的蒸发海水回流渗透白云石化。     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈"雪片状"集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素δ34S介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有Ca O高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce*明显负异常、Eu/Eu*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征*

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈“雪片状”集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素 δ³⁴S 介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有CaO高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce^*明显负异常、Eu/Eu^*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3 ℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。     

塔里木盆地深层寒武系地表岩溶型白云岩储层及后期流体改造作用

对塔里木盆地钻遇寒武系白云岩的塔深1等井的岩芯观察发现埋深超过8000m的深层寒武系白云岩中仍发育有丰富的几毫米至几厘米大小的地表岩溶作用形成的溶蚀孔洞。塔深1井测井曲线的突变反映出了多个寒武系沉积间断(暴露)面的存在;但塔深1井附近寒武系地震剖面同相轴连续性较好,没有明显的角度不整合接触。测井和地震特征表明了寒武系白云岩岩溶作用发生在同生或准同生期,是由于相对海平面下降造成的暴露作用,而没有发生强烈的构造抬升。塔深1等井寒武系白云岩溶蚀孔洞中常见有白云石、石英等矿物的充填。充填白云石具有弯曲晶面和波状消光的特征。白云石中流体包裹体均一温度主峰区间110～130℃,没有随深度增加而增加的特点。与基质白云岩相比,充填白云石具有相对较低的Na、K和Sr的含量以及相对较高的Fe、Mn和Ba含量。在同位素组成上,充填白云石具有相对较轻的氧同位素组成和较高的n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)比值;其氧同位素δ18OPDB的变化范围为-11.62‰～-5.13‰,平均为-8.00‰,锶同位素n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)比值变化范围为0.709361～0.709978,平均为0.709590。上述特征表明了白云石等的充填作用与深部热液活动有关。受深部热液作用强度的限制,寒武系白云岩中已有的岩溶型孔隙并没有被完全充填破坏,仍有较多的储集空间得以保存下来。     

Multiple Dolomitization and Fluid Flow Events in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

The Precambrian Dengying Formation is a set of large-scale, extensively dolomitized, carbonate reservoirs occurring within the Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical studies reveal dolomitization was a direct result of precipitation by chemically distinct fluids occurring at different times and at different intensities. Based on this evidence, dolomitization and multiple fluid flow events are analyzed, and three types of fluid evolution models are proposed. Results of analysis show that Precambrian Dengying Formation carbonates were deposited in a restricted peritidal environment(630–542 Ma). A high temperature and high Mg~(2+) concentration seawater was a direct result of dolomitization for the micrite matrix, and for fibrous aragonite in primary pores. Geochemical evidence shows low δ~(18)O values of micritic dolomite varying from-1.29‰ to-4.52‰ PDB, abundant light rare earth elements(REEs), and low dolomite order degrees. Microbes and meteoric water significantly altered dolomite original chemical signatures, resulting in algal micritic dolomite and the fine-grained, granular, dolosparite dolomite having very negative δ~(18)O values. Finely crystalline cement dolomite(536.3–280 Ma) and coarsely crystalline cement dolomite have a higher crystallization degree and higher order degree. The diagenetic sequence and fluid inclusion evidence imply a linear correlation between their burial depth and homogenization temperatures, which closely resemble the temperature of generated hydrocarbon. Compared with finely crystalline dolomite, precipitation of coarsely crystalline dolomite was more affected by restricted basinal fluids. In addition, there is a trend toward a more negative δ~(18)O value, higher salinity, higher Fe and Mn concentrations, REE-rich. Two periods of hydrothermal fluids are identified, as the exceptionally high temperatures as opposed to the temperatures of burial history, in addition to the presence of high salinity fluid inclusions. The early hydrothermal fluid flow event was characterized by hot magnesium-and silicon-rich fluids, as demonstrated by the recrystallized matrix dolomite that is intimately associated with flint, opal, and microcrystalline quartz in intergranular or intercrystalline pores. This event was likely the result of a seafloor hydrothermal chimney eruption during Episode I of the Tongwan Movement(536.3±5.5 Ma). In contrast, later hydrothermal fluids, which caused precipitation of saddle dolomite, were characterized by high salinity(15–16.05 wt% NaCl equivalent) and homogenization temperatures(250 to 265°C), δ~(18)O values that were more enriched, and REE signatures. Geochemical data and the paragenetic sequence indicate that this hydrothermal fluid was related to extensive Permian large igneous province activity(360–280 Ma). This study demonstrates the presence of complicated dolomitization processes occurring during various paleoclimates, tectonic cycles, and basinal fluids flow; results are a useful reference for these dolomitized Precambrian carbonates reservoirs.     

川东北飞仙关组白云岩岩石结构演化

根据矿物结晶学理论,白云石可按照晶体大小和晶边形貌划分为不同的结构,其结构的演化主要受原岩化学组成、岩石结构和白云岩化流体的影响。白云岩原岩可分为不同化学组分的泥灰岩和含颗粒泥灰岩,泥灰岩可细分为成分均匀的和含溶孔、胶结物的泥灰岩;含颗粒泥灰岩可细分为未接受任何改造的、发生溶蚀胶结作用的和发生泥晶化等作用的含颗粒泥灰岩。以川东北飞仙关组白云岩为例,在不同浓度的白云岩化流体条件中,讨论不同结构白云岩岩石的演化。结果表明：泥晶化及溶蚀作用是白云石岩石结构演化和形成的基础;大多数鲕粒白云岩在低浓度白云岩化溶液中形成;糖粒状白云岩为外来高浓度的白云岩化流体改造形成。     

四川盆地东南地区林1井灯影组鞍形白云石成因及其意义

对四川盆地东南地区林1井上震旦统灯影组鞍形白云石的岩相学特征和碳、氧、锶同位素特征及流体包裹体成分与温度进行研究,认为它属热液成因。研究区热液活动在岩相学上表现为充填状鞍形白云石,发育鞍形白云石线状充填晶洞。鞍形白云石共生矿物包括石英、沥青等。鞍形白云石δ18O值和δ13C值异常偏负,87Sr/86Sr值异常偏高,与围岩差异明显。鞍形白云石原生流体包裹体均一温度为270～320℃,明显超过了该井最高埋藏温度;流体包裹体的气相部分以CO2、CH4和N2为主,液相部分以H2O和CO2为主。这些特征表明,形成鞍形白云石的流体来自于基底的热液,灯影组白云岩受热液溶蚀改造而发育热液改造型白云岩储层,并有过油气成藏过程。     

四川盆地东部垫江盐盆早三叠世嘉陵江组四段杂卤石成因及对成钾的指示

四川盆地三叠纪是主要的成钾期,目前发现的主要含钾矿物为杂卤石,有关早三叠世嘉陵江组四段石盐岩中杂卤石成因一直存在争议.采用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、稀土元素和锶同位素等手段,分析了四川盆地东部垫江盐盆长寿地区嘉陵江组四段石盐岩中杂卤石矿物形态特征,初步探讨了该杂卤石成因及对寻找海相钾盐的指示意义.扫描电镜下与石盐岩共生的杂卤...     

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组滩控岩溶型白云岩储层特征及主控因素

四川盆地中部地区栖霞组的白云岩是该区主要储层,储层成因的主流观点是热液白云岩化.目前勘探实践发现,优质储渗体形成与早期相控岩溶作用有关.通过取芯及测录井资料进行了详细分析,研究结果表明,该类白云岩储层主要位于栖霞组中上部颗粒滩发育的地层中,按其宏微观产出状态可分为溶斑状云岩、溶洞充填云岩、针孔状基质云岩和致密基质云岩....     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组表生岩溶作用研究

四川盆地灯影组是中国最为古老的海相碳酸盐岩沉积地层,也是年代最老的含气储集层之一,灯影组在漫长的地质历史时期中经历过多期次的岩溶作用改造,而表生岩溶作用是其中最为重要的一种。本文以野外露头以及钻井岩心样品的宏观、微观特征为基础,以不同结构组分进行微区取样的多参数实验分析方法为辅助手段,对灯影组白云岩表生岩溶作用进行了研究。灯影组表生岩溶作用主要发育在三个层位,即灯四段顶部,灯二段顶部以及灯二段中、下部。其中桐湾Ⅰ幕和桐湾Ⅱ幕构造运动是造成灯二段顶部以及灯四段顶部表生岩溶作用的主控因素,而灯二段早、中期的表生岩溶作用主要受气候等原因引起的大规模海平面升降所控制。     

歧口凹陷热液流体活动及其对储集层的改造

为了明确富油气凹陷中热液流体活动的发育特征及其对储集层的改造作用,以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷为研究对象,通过岩心、薄片、XRF元素扫描、扫描电镜观察和地层水矿化度、热解、包裹体均一温度、黏土矿物、微量元素、稀土元素、常规物性等资料,分析了歧口凹陷热液流体活动发育的证据,明确其对不同类型储层的改造方式,认为歧口凹陷中热液流体活...     

川东兴隆场地区长兴组白云岩地球化学特征及流体来源

四川盆地东部长兴组—飞仙关组礁滩相储层为重要的天然气勘探目的层,优质储层的岩性多为白云岩,且主要分布于开江-梁平陆棚的东西两侧。川东兴隆场地区位于开江-梁平陆棚西侧有利相带的东南端,长兴组白云岩层段为该区主力产气层,且白云岩主要分布在台地边缘礁滩相等易于发生暴露的高能沉积相带。明确了白云岩宏观分布的控制因素,以岩石结构及Mg/Ca值和有序度为基础,结合岩石地球化学特征,对川东兴隆场地区上二叠统长兴组白云岩成因进行分析。研究结果表明兴隆场地区长兴组白云岩是在埋藏条件下,同层位的泥晶灰岩及泥灰岩中封存的浓缩海水通过压实作用排挤进入碳酸盐沉积物交代灰岩形成的。有如下证据:①飞仙关组沿缝合线发育的自形白云石化学组成(CaO含量均值30.94%,MgO含量均值20.76%)与长兴组白云石化学组成(CaO含量均值30.51%,MgO含量均值21.28%)相近,表明二者成因及白云化流体具有相似性,推断压实流体可能为长兴组白云岩白云化流体;②长兴组白云岩δ13C介于1‰～2.5‰之间,δ18O介于-6‰～-4‰之间,分布在同期古海水的δ13C(0～5.8‰)、δ18O(-7.5‰～-3.5‰)变化范围内,并与全球典型埋藏白云岩δ13C、δ18O分布区间一致,说明白云化流体具有同期海水性质,且形成于埋藏成岩环境中;③长兴组白云岩的87Sr/86Sr值(0.707108～0.707507)覆盖在了川东北晚二叠世海水Sr同位素(0.706620～0.707742)的变化范围内,证明白云化流体来源于同期海水;④长兴组白云岩稀土元素表现为LREE亏损、HREE富集的海水稀土元素特征,表明白云化流体具有海源流体的性质;⑤长兴组碳酸盐岩Fe含量均较低(<2000×10-6),但长兴组白云岩相对于灰岩具有较高的Mn含量(69×10-6～90×10-6,均值为76×10-6)和较强的阴极发光性,反映了白云岩形成于埋藏的还原环境中。     

Characterization of the Microbial Dolomite of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Hanyuan Area of Sichuan Province, China

The algal dolostone of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation (corresponding to the Ediacaran system) in the Upper Yangtze Platform of China possesses a rich diversity of microorganisms and is an ideal site for the study of ancient microbial dolomite. We focused on algal dolostone and its microbial dolomite in the Hanyuan area of Sichuan Province, China. The macroscopic petrological features, microscopic morphology, texture characteristics of the fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomite, and geochemical characteristics were investigated. We found rich fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomites in the laminated, stromatolithic, uniform and clotted (algal) dolostones. The microorganisms present were mainly body fossils of cyanobacteria (including Renalcis, Girvanella, Nanococcus, and Epiphyton) and their trace fossils (including microbial mats (biofilms), algal traces, and spots). In addition, there was evidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria, and red algae. The microbial dolomites presented cryptocrystalline textures under polarizing microscope and nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal morphologies under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microbial dolomites were formed by microbially induced mineralization in the intertidal zone and lagoon environments during the depositional and syngenetic stages and microbially influenced mineralization in the supratidal zone environment during the penecontemporaneous stage. The microbial metabolic activities and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) determined the morphology and element composition of microbial dolomite. During the depositional and syngenetic stages, the metabolic activities of cyanobacteria and SRB were active and EPS, biofilms and microbial mats were well-developed. EPS provided a large number of nucleation sites. Accordingly, many nanometer-sized pene-cubical granular and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like microbial dolomites were formed. During the penecontemporaneous stage, SBR, cyanobacteria, and moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria were inactive. Furthermore, nucleation sites reduced significantly and were derived from both the EPS of surviving microorganisms and un-hydrolyzed EPS from dead microorganisms. Consequently the microbial dolomites present nanometer-sized spherulitic and micron-sized irregular, spherical, and ovoidal morphologies. Overall, the microbial dolomites evolved from nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) dolomites to (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal dolomites, and then to macroscopic laminated, stromatolithic, uniform, and clotted dolostones. These findings reveal the correlation between morphological evolution of microbial dolomite and microbial activities showing the complexity and diversity of mineral (dolomite)-microbe interactions, and providing new insight into microbial biomineralization and microbial dolomite in the Precambrian era.     

四川盆地中南部寒武系白云岩特征及形成机制

四川盆地寒武系厚度达千米,岩性从下到上依次由泥页岩-粉砂质泥岩-灰质白云岩-纯白云岩组成,其优质储层主要为中—上寒武统冼象池组的白云岩。本文通过与川东北长兴组—飞仙关组、塔河油田奥陶系白云岩对比,应用微量元素、稀土元素、碳、氧、锶同位素等分析测试结果,对四川盆地中南部寒武系白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明:四川盆地中南部寒武系白云岩具有较高的铁、锰质量分数,平均值分别为6 502.9×10~(-6)和468.3×10~(-6),较低的锶质量分数,平均值为74.0×10~(-6),较低的碳氧同位素值,δ~(13)CVPDB和δ~(18)OVPDB平均值分别为-2.38‰和-7.74‰;四川盆地中南部寒武系碳酸盐岩经历了大气淡水淋滤作用,可能为准同生白云石化或混合水白云石化作用。     

川东地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及其控制因素

采用宏观和微观相结合的 方法,通过扫描电镜、阴极发光等手段,分析川东地区震旦系灯影组钻井、岩心和露头剖面样品的镜下岩石学特征,研究川东地区震旦系灯影组白云岩储层的特征及控制因素。研究结果表明灯影组白云 岩储层主要发育在灯二段和灯四段,主要储集岩类型为微生物白云岩、颗粒白云岩和距两期风化壳0~200 m范围内的角砾白云岩和溶孔白云岩;储集空间以次生的孔、缝、洞为主,主要为粒间溶孔、粒内 溶孔、次生晶间孔、构造裂缝、溶洞等。沉积环境是影响灯二段储层发育的主要因素,其有利储集相带主要是位于水动力能量较强的或有利于造礁生物繁殖的高能颗粒滩和微生物云坪沉积环境;溶蚀作 用,特别是古岩溶作用是灯四段储层发育的主要因素。早期的桐湾运动形成了灯影组的大规模孔洞,而其后的构造运动则建立了研究区内特别复杂的孔隙－洞穴－裂缝系统。     

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及主控因素

经过数十年的勘探,勘探家们在四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区获得了万亿方级的探明储量。为研究高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系(≈埃迪卡拉系)灯影组白云岩储层特征及成藏主控因素,开展了岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析、物性测试、扫描电镜观察、主微量元素和碳氧同位素分析、包裹体均一温度测试、沉积相带划分、宏观构造对成藏控制作用解析等。结果表明:(1)高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组四段发育优质白云岩储层,包括泥晶藻云岩、砂屑白云岩和晶粒白云岩。(2)灯影组四段优质储集层遭受了桐湾Ⅱ幕的大气淡水岩溶作用和埋藏期热液改造作用,溶蚀孔隙广泛发育,平均孔隙度为4.8%,平均渗透率为0.5×10-3μm2,为"低孔—特低渗"型储层。(3)有利相带、白云石化作用控制了优质储层的发育和分布,多分布于裂陷槽边缘的台缘带内,尤其是藻丘滩相白云岩为研究区的主力产气层;埋藏期的热液白云石化作用改善了其储集物性和孔隙结构,主要证据包括:裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中可见各种热液矿物、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝中充填的鞍状白云石具有典型的雾心亮边结构、氧同位素组成"偏负"、流体包裹体均一温度平均值高达175.7℃、高含Mn和阴极发光下发明亮红光等。该研究成果对拓展古老碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有重要理论意义。     

川西地区中二叠统栖霞组中—粗晶白云岩成因

通过野外剖面、岩心、薄片的观察及地球化学分析等手段,对川西地区栖霞组中—粗晶白云岩成因进行了研究。结果表明,中—粗晶白云石晶形呈自形、半自形及他形,可见残余生物(碎屑)幻影,裂缝发育,白云石被缝合线切割,储集空间以溶蚀孔洞和晶间孔为主,孔洞内充填有自形白云石及鞍状白云石。中—粗晶白云岩的碳同位素值处于二叠系海相碳酸盐岩的范围;川西的南部地区中—粗晶白云岩氧同位素相对于川西的北部地区更偏负;川西的北部中—粗晶白云岩锶同位素比值处于二叠系海相碳酸盐岩的范围,而川西的南部则高于此范围;稀土元素配分模式显示白云岩基本继承了石灰岩特点;白云岩Ce显示正异常,Eu无明显正异常,川西的南部地区具有较明显的La负异常。综合研究得出:颗粒滩相是白云石化作用发生的有利相带,浅埋藏阶段的海水白云石化作用是中—粗晶白云岩的主要成因,后期局部遭受热液改造作用,孔洞内充填的自形白云石也为浅埋藏阶段的海水白云石化作用所形成,而鞍状白云石为后期热液成因。     

四川盆地下奥陶统桐梓组白云岩多元成因

四川盆地下奥陶统桐梓组白云岩的成因研究较少,模式存在多样性,尚未达成共识.通过系统的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析等方法,在四川盆地桐梓组识别出晶粒白云岩、颗粒白云岩和含石英白云岩及含白云质石英砂岩等与白云石相关的岩石类型.地球化学分析揭示不同类型白云岩具有不同的地球化学特征及白云石化机理,晶粒白云岩的MgO含量与C...