东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地球动力学意义

东昆仑沟里地区位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑造山带东段,区内发育花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗岩。花岗闪长岩样品中锆石呈半自形-自形柱状,震荡环带较发育,为岩浆成因锆石,样品的U-Pb加权平均年龄为(225±1.7)Ma,代表其岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示该地区花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钛特征,为准铝质-过铝质岩石,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,具有弱的Eu负异常,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩石地球化学、年代学研究以及区域构造演化表明,东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩形成在晚三叠世碰撞到后碰撞造山阶段,且该岩体的形成与布青山-阿尼玛卿洋俯冲作用有很大的关系。     

青海祁漫塔格中晚三叠世花岗岩:年代学、地球化学及成矿意义

地处柴达木盆地西南缘的青海祁漫塔格地区不仅是一个特征显著的构造-岩浆岩带,而且也是重要的多金属成矿带。本文对该区中晚三叠世花岗岩开展了详细的年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,并探讨了成矿意义。结果表明,本区中晚三叠世花岗岩均系准铝质到弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,晚三叠世花岗岩具有更高的K2O/Na2O比值,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),明显亏损高场强元素(HFSE),中等初始锶比值和偏负的εNd(t)值表明它们主要源于古老地壳物质的深熔或重熔,并可能有幔源物质的加入;发育闪长质暗色微粒包体的中三叠世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为230～237Ma,大多具斑状或似斑状结构的晚三叠世高分异富钾花岗岩形成于204～228Ma,表明大约240Ma祁漫塔格主造山已由挤压转入伸展并伴有幔源岩浆活动,晚三叠世后演化到后碰撞阶段;中晚三叠世花岗岩与本区密集产出的矽卡岩型和斑岩型多金属矿床的时空与成因关系密切,具有重要找矿指示意义。     

辽西杨家杖子侵入岩地球化学和年代学特征及其与成矿的关系

辽西杨家杖子地区位于华北板块北缘,燕山褶皱带东段。该区侵入岩主要有4种类型:中粗粒钾长花岗岩、斑状钾长花岗岩、似斑状钾长花岗岩和细粒角闪二长岩。其中:主体岩石为中粗粒钾长花岗岩、斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩,均呈较大的岩基出露,沿北东向展布,锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其形成于早侏罗世(181~188 Ma);细粒角闪二长岩多呈岩墙或岩脉产出,近南北向展布,锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其形成于晚三叠世(227 Ma左右)。岩石地球化学分析结果显示:斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;细粒角闪二长岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石。斑状钾长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩富集高场强元素Th、La、Nd、Hf和Gd,亏损高场强元素Ti、Ho和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr;细粒角闪二长岩富集高场强元素Gd、Er和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Hf、Ti、Pr、Y、Yb。稀土配分模式图均为右倾型,轻稀土元素分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏不明显。研究表明该区中生代岩浆作用主要发生在早侏罗世,且与著名的杨家杖子钼矿有着密切的成因联系,而晚三叠世岩浆作用相对较弱。     

青海省那陵郭勒河中游晚三叠世侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

那陵郭勒河中游位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区,分布着大量的花岗岩.对该地区晚三叠世侵入岩的研究有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造-岩浆演化历史.对研究区内花岗岩进行了岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学分析.分析结果表明,研究区花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(225.7士1)Ma、(213.74±...     

湖南南岳岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

提要：分布于湖南衡山的南岳岩体,侵位于新元古代冷家溪群中,为复式岩体。通过锆石U-Pb年龄测定,其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（215.5±1.5）Ma,主体形成于晚三叠世;其中部分小岩体形成于早白垩世,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（140.6±0.8）Ma。晚三叠世花岗岩由三个岩石单元组成,第一期细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、第二期中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、第三期二云母二长花岗岩;早白垩世花岗岩为二云母二长花岗岩。晚三叠世花岗岩属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;早白垩世花岗岩属强过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;∑REE中等（92.88×10^-6~296.56×10^-6）,Eu均为弱负异常(δEu=0.28~0.87),其中早白垩世花岗岩Eu亏损更大;ISr值较大（0.7093~0.7189）;低εNd（-8.04~-11.38）, 高T2DM（1.63 ~1.90 Ga）。综合研究表明,南岳花岗岩石为壳源含白云母过铝花岗岩类（MPG）,为华南前寒武系基底重熔而成,晚三叠世花岗岩有少量下地壳或地幔物质加入;其形成的构造背景应为碰撞造山作用晚期或结束时期,是陆内碰撞造山作用增温减压体制下的产物。     

张广才岭南部中侏罗世似斑状二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

张广才岭位于黑龙江省中南部和吉林省中部,区内发育的南北向岩浆弧是微板块碰撞-拼贴的产物,能有效限定松嫩地块和佳木斯地块的碰撞-拼合时代。本文以张广才岭南部青松乡中侏罗世似斑状二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展系统的锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,探讨其地质意义。锆石U-Pb年代学研究结果显示：张广才岭南部青松乡似斑状中细粒二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(172.1±1.3)Ma,似斑状中粗粒二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(172.1±1.2)、(172.4±1.2)、(172.2±1.7)Ma,为中侏罗世早期。岩石元素地球化学研究结果显示：似斑状中细粒二长花岗岩和似斑状中粗粒二长花岗岩贫硅、贫铝,高碱、富钾,高TFeO/MgO值,稀土元素配分模式图为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型,相对富集Rb、K、U、Th、La元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti、Y、Yb、Lu元素,属于I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于壳幔混合源区。结合年代学和地球化学特征,研究区中侏罗世似斑状二长花岗岩形成于同碰撞构造环境,成岩构造环境与佳木斯地块和松嫩地块碰撞-拼合作用密切相关。     

黑龙江省东部小兴安岭地区育林岩体形成时代及构造环境探讨

东北地区晚三叠世地壳形成与演化是国内外地质学家研究的热点之一,笔者对黑龙江省东部小兴安岭地区育林岩体采用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb技术进行了锆石测年。结果显示:正长花岗岩锆石206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(206.8±1.1)Ma,岩体的形成时代应为晚三叠世。正长花岗岩富铝、富钾,具S型花岗岩特征,形成于碰撞造山的构造环境,与古亚洲洋构造体系演化有关。     

东昆仑卡尔却卡地区中志留世A型花岗岩岩石成因及构造环境

东昆仑造山带西部卡尔却卡地区出露大量似斑状二长花岗岩,对其展开岩相特征、锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究,结果显示,似斑状二长花岗岩年龄为425±2.3 Ma,表明其形成于中志留世.岩石具有高SiO2(69.0％ ～71.2％)和K2 O(4.3％～5.54％)含量,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th和U),亏损高场...     

东昆仑祁漫塔格走廊域晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩岩石组合及时空格架

基于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格构造走廊域晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩类的野外地质学、岩石学、时空分布和同位素定年资料,可以识别出5个构造岩浆阶段和5个构造岩浆带。研究区的岩浆活动主要集中于早中二叠世阶段、晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期、中三叠世、晚三叠世和晚三叠世—早侏罗世。早中二叠世阶段的岩浆活动产物为花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗组合、石英闪长岩+斑状石英闪长岩组合及闪长岩+石英闪长岩组合,晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期(254.1～240.6Ma)为(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;中三叠世(安尼期晚期—拉丁初期)为闪长岩+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+英云闪长岩组合;晚三叠世(212～225Ma)为石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;晚三叠世—早侏罗世(瑞替—郝塘期)代表性的岩石组合为石英二长岩+(斑状)正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩。这些火成岩组合有规律地分布在构造走廊域内,是揭示东昆仑造山带构造演化的关键所在。     

下扬子地区姚村A型花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

姚村岩体位于下扬子江南造山带东北端,主要由中心相的中粗粒正长花岗岩和边缘相的细粒似斑状正长花岗岩组成.本文对该岩体进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Nd-Hf同位素研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明姚村岩体的形成年龄为(127.6±1.4)Ma,为燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物.岩石地球化学研究表...     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.