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A Localization Algorithm Using a Mobile Anchor Node Based on Region Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

At present, most underwater positioning algorithms improve the positioning accuracy by increasing the number of anchor nodes which resulting in the increasing energy consumption. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a localization algorithm assisted by mobile anchor node and based on region determination(LMRD), which not only improves the positioning accuracy of nodes positioning but also reduces the energy consumption. This algorithm is divided into two stages: region determination stage and location positioning stage. In the region determination stage, the target region is divided into several sub-regions by the region division strategy with the smallest overlap rate which can reduce the number of virtual anchor nodes and lock the target node to a sub-region, and then through the planning of mobile nodes to optimize the travel path, reduce the moving distance, and reduce system energy consumption. In the location positioning stage, the target node location can be calculated using the HILBERT path planning and trilateration. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy when the energy consumption is reduced.     

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一种运动恢复结构和航位推算结合的室内行人视觉定位方法

商业和工业领域中,室内行人、车辆、机器人的位置信息正逐渐成为人们关注的热点,并随之产生了大量的室内定位技术和方法,如使用无线信号、地磁、超宽带和超声波等方式进行室内定位。然而,目前的这些室内定位方法大多需要额外辅助设备的支撑,增加了定位成本和硬件开销。视觉定位作为一种目前较为流行的定位方式,具有实施成本低、不依赖任何外界辅助设备等优势。其中,构建带有位置标签的图像数据库是视觉定位方法的关键环节,而传统的构建图像数据库方法人力开销大、时耗长。因此,本文提出一种运动恢复结构（SFM）和航位推算结合的视觉定位方法,能够快速构建图像位置数据库、大大降低人力开销。该方法主要包括2个阶段：离线阶段和在线阶段。离线阶段主要实现图像序列位置的自动标注,通过采集行走路线上的手机内置传感器信息和视频信息,提出一种多约束图像匹配方法用于视频图像的连续匹配,将匹配结果用于SFM方法,可以得到相邻图像间的运动角度,使用行人航位推算（PDR）方法标注图像序列的轨迹坐标。在线阶段使用提出的图像匹配方法计算查询图像与数据库影像间的匹配点数量,将匹配点最多的K个数据库影像位置坐标加权平均作为查询图像的定位结果。最后,分别在2种典型的室内环境下进行实验,结果表明本文方法在离线阶段位置标注的平均误差为0.58 m,在线阶段图像匹配定位的误差范围在0.2~1.4 m。     

基于测向测时差云闪定位精度分析及布局优化

针对多站雷电定位系统中的云闪定位问题,建立4站云闪辐射源定位模型。根据探测站探测的云闪电磁波到达的时间和角度信息,结合无源定位理论中的测向测时差定位法,给出云闪定位计算方法和精度评定。利用Maltab,仿真探测站不同布站方式下的云闪定位误差分布情况。通过对比研究,得出最优布站形式,并对最优布站形式的精度影响因素进行分析。结果表明,布站形式、基线长度、探测站高度等因素均可对云闪定位精度产生影响。     

高精度室内地图辅助VLC与PDR融合定位

针对传统室内定位方式存在的忽略地图精度对于整体定位精度的支撑性作用、需要额外的辅助设施和附加模块以协助定位系统实现目标点定位、定位信标的保密性差、定位信号源与辅助基站等具有较强的信号辐射等问题,本研究引入高精度室内地图辅助,提出了一种VLC与PDR融合的室内定位算法。首先,本研究摒弃了传统人工勾绘方式,在室内扫描机器人turtlrbot平台上（装载有二维激光扫描雷达）,利用Gmapping二维栅格地图构建算法,生成高精度室内地图。在此基础上,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法结合高精度地图信息实现VLC与PDR融合定位。该融合定位算法较好地结合了VLC定位与PDR定位各自的技术优势,实现了VLC定位结合高精度地图信息对PDR定位自适应动态纠偏,对于进一步实现新型低成本、无信号辐射、保密性强、附加模块少的高精度室内定位提供了较好的理论与技术支撑。实验结果表明：在高精度室内扫描地图构建过程中,其测距分辨率<0.5 mm,VLC与PDR融合定位算法的整体定位精度为1.33 m,平均定位响应时间为0.58 s。     

基于投影法和数学形态学的车牌定位算法

车牌定位是车牌识别系统中的关键技术之一,车牌定位的质量直接影响着后续字符识别的结果。本文提出了一种结合投影法和形态学的车牌定位算法,首先对图像进行预处理,接着利用水平投影算法确定车牌的上下边界,然后利用形态学方法迭代确定车牌的左右边界,最后进行精定位。实验表明,该方法具有较高的定位精度。     

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中国沿海RBN-DGNSS系统北斗差分定位性能测试及分析

提出北斗伪距差分和北斗/GPS联合伪距差分算法,并利用中国北斗沿海差分台站播发信号进行陆地定点和海上动态测试。结果表明,在距台站300 km以内,北斗平面定位精度优于1.5 m（95%置信水平）,高程定位精度优于2.5 m（95%置信水平）|GPS+北斗联合定位精度、数据有效率均优于单独GPS或北斗系统|单独北斗系统的定位精度和性能优于RBN差分系统设计要求。     

Matched field localization based on CS-MUSIC algorithm

The problem caused by shortness or excessiveness of snapshots and by coherent sources in underwater acoustic positioning is considered. A matched field localization algorithm based on CS-MUSIC (Compressive Sensing Multiple Signal Classification) is proposed based on the sparse mathematical model of the underwater positioning. The signal matrix is calculated through the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) of the observation matrix. The observation matrix in the sparse mathematical model is replaced by the signal matrix, and a new concise sparse mathematical model is obtained, which means not only the scale of the localization problem but also the noise level is reduced; then the new sparse mathematical model is solved by the CS-MUSIC algorithm which is a combination of CS (Compressive Sensing) method and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) method. The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome effectively the difficulties caused by correlated sources and shortness of snapshots, and it can also reduce the time complexity and noise level of the localization problem by using the SVD of the observation matrix when the number of snapshots is large, which will be proved in this paper.