长白山黑曜岩地质特征与成因浅析

长白山黑曜岩是火山活动的产物,除了具有长白山火山特有的喷出方式,与众不同的地质特征之外,还是长白山历史文化的重要物证.通过化学成分分析、物理性能测试,对长白山黑曜岩的特征、形成、分布及成因进行了初步分析,为了解长白山黑曜岩及今后开发利用提供了依据.     

浅析长白山自然保护区旅游发展中的生态环境保护问题

长白山自然保护区是我国建立较早的和典型的自然保护区之一,其主要功能是进行自然生态环境的保护。但是,为了克服保护资金短缺境况,长白山自然保护区将发展旅游业作为生态环境保护工作资金支持的一条途径,而旅游业曾长期被认为是对生态环境影响微乎其微的产业,但自长白山开始发展旅游业以来,经济效益的实现似乎掩盖了原本的生态环境保护目标。本文在分析了长白山旅游发展对生态环境造成的负面影响之后,提出了一系列在长白山旅游发展过程中生态环境的保护措施,以期兼顾长白山自然保护区发展和保护两大目标的实现。     

论长白山火山的旅游资源及其开发

长白山是东北第一山，是我国加入世界“人与生和物圈”自然保护区网的自然保护区。本文在介绍了长白山的研究史和保护史之后，提出了长白山的五大旅游资源特色：火山锥体，高大雄伟；垂直分带，景观各异；天池火口，神秘莫测；急流习瀑，谷底森林；冷热矿泉，可饮可浴。并概括为长白山“五绝”：火山锥、垂直景观带、火口湖、瀑布、矿泉。将长白山火山区旅游资源划分为3大类和若干类型。在旅游区划分中包括3条登山路线、6个景区和若干景点。最后提出了关于长白山旅游资源的调查规则、开发保护、改善交通和火山区建设等建议，特别提出了申报国家重点风景名胜区和世界自然遗产的建议。     

论长白山火山的旅游资源及其开发

长白山是东北第一山,是我国加入世界“人与生物圈”自然保护区网的自然保护区。本文在介绍了长白山的研究史和保护史之后,提出了长白山的五大旅游资源特色：火山锥体,高大雄伟;垂直分带,景观各异;天池火口,神秘莫测;急流飞瀑,谷底森林;冷热矿泉,可饮可浴。并根据为长白山“五绝”：火山锥、垂直景观带、火口湖、瀑布、矿泉。将长白山火山区旅游资源划分为３大类和若干类型。在旅游区划分中包括３条登山线路、６个景区和若干景点。最后提出了关于长白山火山旅游资源的调查规划、开发保护、改善交通和火山区建设等建议,特别提出了申报国家重点风景名胜区和世界自然遗产的建议。     

长白山保护开发区饮用天然矿泉水资源初探

长白山保护开发区饮用天然矿泉水资源丰富,在矿泉水资源的勘查、开发和保护方面已做了较多的工作。本文在介绍长白山保护开发区基本情况、饮用天然矿泉水资源概况和开发现状基础上,分析了饮用天然矿泉水开发的经济效益,展现了长白山保护开发区饮用天然矿泉水开发远景。     

长白山地区黑曜岩地质特征及宝玉石特性研究

长白山位于华北地台东缘,是国内唯一的复合型火山.区内断裂构造发育,火山运动频繁,其独特的中心喷发方式,形成了独具特色的长白山黑曜岩.文章从长白山火山地质特征入手,通过对样品检测、分析研究,揭示了长白山黑曜岩产出特征、高温高压形成机理,及具有高能量、强吸附、弱电磁、富含微量元素的特性,得出了其为国内独有的宝玉石、养生保健石的结论.     

申报长白山新生代火山国家地质公园的可行性分析

本文介绍了长白山自然保护区的概况,说明建立长白山新生代火山国家地质公园具备的基础,论述了建立公园的意义,并将长白山地质遗迹景观与国土资源部颁发的《国家地质公园评审标准》进行了对比分析,认为长白山新生代火山地质遗迹景观和生态系统符合国家地质公园的标准,申报是可行的。最后提出了尚需进一步工作的建议。     

关于长白山申报世界遗产可行性分析

本文根据《保护世界文化及自然遗产公约》和《执行世界遗产公约的操作准则》的要求，详细的论述了长白山的基本情况、科学价值、文化价值、美学价值等内容，认为长白山符合定义、达到准则的要求以及“整体环境”的条件要求。有关部门应该积极组织长白山申报世界遗产的工作，提高国际知名度，受到国际社会的保护，真正使长白山的保护达到世界标准。     

长白山火山区高精度Rayleigh面波相速度结构与岩浆系统

近年来,有关长白山火山是否存在潜在喷发危险的讨论引起了国内外地学研究者的广泛关注,但人们目前对其壳幔岩浆系统的了解却十分不足,已有的研究对长白山火山壳内岩浆房存在的深度位置、形态规模及其部分熔融程度的认识仍存在较大分歧。本研究通过汇集长白山火山及邻区(包括朝鲜境内)多个密集流动地震台阵和区域固定地震台网的观测资料,采用背景噪声成像方法获得了长白山火山区高精度的Rayleigh面波相速度模型。成像结果表明:长白山火山中-下地壳深度位置存在显著低波速异常,可能指示了岩浆房的存在。上地壳局部低速区可能反映了壳内深部岩浆向上运移的通道或者是区域小尺度的岩浆聚集体。长白山火山上地幔顶部的低速可能揭示了软流圈热物质上涌,其减压熔融为壳内岩浆房提供了幔源岩浆补给。     

长白山区地质地貌演化历史

本文综合前人的研究成果以及笔者的实地考察研究,论述了长白山地质历史,包括长白山的基底形成阶段的划分、地台形成阶段、各地质时期活动状况。将长白山复式层状火山锥地质演化历史划分成7个旋回,并阐明了那几个旋回造盾、造锥、造席和造池。使人们对长白山火山成因有进一步的了解。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the